MS Word preprint
... culture medium. This was followed by three washings, 5 minute each, in dye free medium, all at 37ºC. Subsequently, the cells were fixed for 20 min with 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature. Cell permeabilization with ethanol reduced the cytoplasmic background. The cells were dehydrated and then r ...
... culture medium. This was followed by three washings, 5 minute each, in dye free medium, all at 37ºC. Subsequently, the cells were fixed for 20 min with 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature. Cell permeabilization with ethanol reduced the cytoplasmic background. The cells were dehydrated and then r ...
6 dent antigen specific B cell response
... weeks after the delivery of an antigen. Even though a large number of naive B cells out have the cell-intrinsic potential to go into a GC reaction (polyclonal response), entry into the GC is a competitive procedure. The presence of high-affinity competitors inhibiting the activation of lower-affinit ...
... weeks after the delivery of an antigen. Even though a large number of naive B cells out have the cell-intrinsic potential to go into a GC reaction (polyclonal response), entry into the GC is a competitive procedure. The presence of high-affinity competitors inhibiting the activation of lower-affinit ...
sheet12
... * We can notice it on the people who do weight lifting (muscular people). *How could hypertrophy happen to muscle cells ?? Answer: By exercising, skeletal muscle cells produce more actin and myosin, as a result the myofibril becomes larger, which results in increasing of the size of the muscle cell ...
... * We can notice it on the people who do weight lifting (muscular people). *How could hypertrophy happen to muscle cells ?? Answer: By exercising, skeletal muscle cells produce more actin and myosin, as a result the myofibril becomes larger, which results in increasing of the size of the muscle cell ...
T. brucei basal body component - Journal of Cell Science
... During cell division this structure directs the assembly of the new axoneme and is involved in mitochondrial DNA (kinetoplast) segregation (Robinson and Gull, 1991). In addition, it is believed to play a role in the organisation of four particular microtubules from the corset which unlike other micr ...
... During cell division this structure directs the assembly of the new axoneme and is involved in mitochondrial DNA (kinetoplast) segregation (Robinson and Gull, 1991). In addition, it is believed to play a role in the organisation of four particular microtubules from the corset which unlike other micr ...
Introduction to the cell cell history cell structures and functions
... is the nucleus. This feature gives them their name, which comes from Greek and means ”true nucleus.” The nucleus is the membrane-enclosed organelle that contains DNA. Eukaryotic DNA is organized in one or more linear molecules, called chromosomes. Some eukaryotes are single-celled, but many are mult ...
... is the nucleus. This feature gives them their name, which comes from Greek and means ”true nucleus.” The nucleus is the membrane-enclosed organelle that contains DNA. Eukaryotic DNA is organized in one or more linear molecules, called chromosomes. Some eukaryotes are single-celled, but many are mult ...
LvDelta induces mesoderm and endoderm
... originates from the micromere descendants at the vegetal pole of the embryo (reviewed by Angerer and Angerer, 2000; Ettensohn and Sweet, 2000). The powerful signaling properties of micromeres were first reported by Hörstadius, who showed that these cells can induce the formation of an ectopic archen ...
... originates from the micromere descendants at the vegetal pole of the embryo (reviewed by Angerer and Angerer, 2000; Ettensohn and Sweet, 2000). The powerful signaling properties of micromeres were first reported by Hörstadius, who showed that these cells can induce the formation of an ectopic archen ...
Science Quarter 4 Lessons
... fungi (common mushrooms, bread molds) must be observed for cell structures such as the cell wall, cell membrane and nucleus. Plantae cells (mosses, ferns and angiosperms) must be observed for the following cell components: nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosome, plasma membrane, vacuole and ly ...
... fungi (common mushrooms, bread molds) must be observed for cell structures such as the cell wall, cell membrane and nucleus. Plantae cells (mosses, ferns and angiosperms) must be observed for the following cell components: nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosome, plasma membrane, vacuole and ly ...
Gene - Hal
... protein family, i.e. MyoD:E12 in skeletal muscle, and this high-affinity, stable complex binds to an E-box sequence to regulate gene transcription ( Blackwell; Lassar and Murre). We recently identified a novel bHLH factor, Mist1 Mak et al., 1996), that is capable of forming heterodimers with E12 and ...
... protein family, i.e. MyoD:E12 in skeletal muscle, and this high-affinity, stable complex binds to an E-box sequence to regulate gene transcription ( Blackwell; Lassar and Murre). We recently identified a novel bHLH factor, Mist1 Mak et al., 1996), that is capable of forming heterodimers with E12 and ...
Soggy, a spermatocyte-specific gene, lies 3.8 kb
... of 26.7 kDa and a pI of 7.98. Subsequent searches of the GenBank, PDB, SwissProt, PIR and PRF databases revealed that this gene had recently been identified as a member of the Dickkopf gene family and named Soggy (mSgy) (8). Although mSgy mRNA was clearly expressed in vivo (see below; 8), it was pos ...
... of 26.7 kDa and a pI of 7.98. Subsequent searches of the GenBank, PDB, SwissProt, PIR and PRF databases revealed that this gene had recently been identified as a member of the Dickkopf gene family and named Soggy (mSgy) (8). Although mSgy mRNA was clearly expressed in vivo (see below; 8), it was pos ...
The histidine triad protein Hint1 interacts with Pontin and Reptin and
... some similarity to bacterial RuvB proteins, which are involved in DNA repair and act as branch migration motors at Holliday junctions. In enzymatic assays, Pontin and Reptin were reported to exhibit single-stranded DNA-stimulated ATPase and ATP-dependent helicase activity with opposite orientation ( ...
... some similarity to bacterial RuvB proteins, which are involved in DNA repair and act as branch migration motors at Holliday junctions. In enzymatic assays, Pontin and Reptin were reported to exhibit single-stranded DNA-stimulated ATPase and ATP-dependent helicase activity with opposite orientation ( ...
Tea4p Links Microtubule Plus Ends with the Formin For3p in the
... at cell tips and at MT plus ends (Figure 2B). Tea4p localization was strictly dependent on tea1p. In tea1⌬ cells, tea4p-GFP was diffuse in the cytoplasm (Figure 2C). The expression levels of tea4p-GFP were, however, not affected (Figure 2D). Tea1p with a truncation of the tea4p-interacting region (t ...
... at cell tips and at MT plus ends (Figure 2B). Tea4p localization was strictly dependent on tea1p. In tea1⌬ cells, tea4p-GFP was diffuse in the cytoplasm (Figure 2C). The expression levels of tea4p-GFP were, however, not affected (Figure 2D). Tea1p with a truncation of the tea4p-interacting region (t ...
Coatomer Is Essential for Retrieval of Dilysine
... compartment. One common feature of these signals is the presence of two lysine residues at positions -3 and -4 from the C-terminal end of the cytoplasmic domain (Nilsson et al., 1989; Jackson et al., 1990). A similar dilysine signal was identified more recently in the cytoplasmic domain of the yeast ...
... compartment. One common feature of these signals is the presence of two lysine residues at positions -3 and -4 from the C-terminal end of the cytoplasmic domain (Nilsson et al., 1989; Jackson et al., 1990). A similar dilysine signal was identified more recently in the cytoplasmic domain of the yeast ...
Molecular General and Genetics
... Interestingly, we found that the transcript of the mSOD1 transcript from tuberous root was smaller than that found in other tissues (Fig. 4). This smaller transcript may be produced by alternative splicing. It has been reported that synthesis of ascorbate peroxidases is controlled by alternative spl ...
... Interestingly, we found that the transcript of the mSOD1 transcript from tuberous root was smaller than that found in other tissues (Fig. 4). This smaller transcript may be produced by alternative splicing. It has been reported that synthesis of ascorbate peroxidases is controlled by alternative spl ...
OCULAR and STAGE MICROMETERS
... of this handout; however, it is important to recognize early on that two aspects of the procedure are crucial: 1. The crystal violet treatment must precede iodine treatment. Iodine acts as a mordant, i.e., it increases the affinity of the cells for the crystal violet. Iodine alone has no bacterial s ...
... of this handout; however, it is important to recognize early on that two aspects of the procedure are crucial: 1. The crystal violet treatment must precede iodine treatment. Iodine acts as a mordant, i.e., it increases the affinity of the cells for the crystal violet. Iodine alone has no bacterial s ...
Regulated appearance of NMDA receptor subunits and channel
... Hollmann et al., 1993). The NR2 gene family codes four distinct types of subunits called NR2A-D (or GluR⑀1– 4) (Monyer et al., 1992; Nakanishi, 1992). Functional NMDA receptors are heteromeric complexes, containing at least one NR1 and one or more types of NR2 subunits (Mori and Mishina, 1995). The ...
... Hollmann et al., 1993). The NR2 gene family codes four distinct types of subunits called NR2A-D (or GluR⑀1– 4) (Monyer et al., 1992; Nakanishi, 1992). Functional NMDA receptors are heteromeric complexes, containing at least one NR1 and one or more types of NR2 subunits (Mori and Mishina, 1995). The ...
Demonstration by single-cell PCR that Reed–Sternberg cells and
... the standard B95.8 genome (Table 2). Interestingly, these point mutations in the LMP-1 gene have already been described in HD and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Knecht et al., 1993). As suggested in a previous report (Meggetto et al., 1997), the results of the present study further support the suggestion ...
... the standard B95.8 genome (Table 2). Interestingly, these point mutations in the LMP-1 gene have already been described in HD and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Knecht et al., 1993). As suggested in a previous report (Meggetto et al., 1997), the results of the present study further support the suggestion ...
Cell adhesion in plants is under the control of
... about how the plant actually controls and maintains cell adhesion during growth and development and how it deals with the dynamic cell wall remodeling that takes place. Here we investigate the molecular mechanisms that control cell adhesion in plants. We carried out a genetic suppressor screen and a ...
... about how the plant actually controls and maintains cell adhesion during growth and development and how it deals with the dynamic cell wall remodeling that takes place. Here we investigate the molecular mechanisms that control cell adhesion in plants. We carried out a genetic suppressor screen and a ...
COTYLEDON VASCULAR PATTERN2–Mediated
... vascular cell morphology or polarity, as do many of the auxin and sterol mutants described above. Although both mutants show a loss of vein anastomoses with many vein orders, they do show distinct differences. Consistent with the wild-type appearance of cvp2, no perturbations in auxin content, respo ...
... vascular cell morphology or polarity, as do many of the auxin and sterol mutants described above. Although both mutants show a loss of vein anastomoses with many vein orders, they do show distinct differences. Consistent with the wild-type appearance of cvp2, no perturbations in auxin content, respo ...
The Influence of Surface Charge on the Attachment of
... separation where the potential energy is at a secondary minimum (Curtiss, 1973). Studies on N. gonorrhoeae attached to the human urethral epithelium in vivo support this view as the two surfaces are separated by approximately 13 nm (Ward et al., 1g75), a distance which is consistent with a secondary ...
... separation where the potential energy is at a secondary minimum (Curtiss, 1973). Studies on N. gonorrhoeae attached to the human urethral epithelium in vivo support this view as the two surfaces are separated by approximately 13 nm (Ward et al., 1g75), a distance which is consistent with a secondary ...
Plant Cells Contain Two Functionally Distinct
... These results provide strong evidence for the existence of two separate pathways to the vacuole in plant cells. Results from previous studies had indicated that barley lectin and sporamin colocalized in the same vacuole (Schroeder et al., 1993), and Matsuoka et al. (1995) suggested that the two bioc ...
... These results provide strong evidence for the existence of two separate pathways to the vacuole in plant cells. Results from previous studies had indicated that barley lectin and sporamin colocalized in the same vacuole (Schroeder et al., 1993), and Matsuoka et al. (1995) suggested that the two bioc ...
BI073 - Southeast Missouri State University
... B. Explain the structure and role of biological membranes as dynamic partitions and organizing surfaces. C. Explain the relationships among amino acid sequence, structure, and function in proteins. D. Understand and describe the fundamentals of eukaryotic cell organization. E. Explain the factors th ...
... B. Explain the structure and role of biological membranes as dynamic partitions and organizing surfaces. C. Explain the relationships among amino acid sequence, structure, and function in proteins. D. Understand and describe the fundamentals of eukaryotic cell organization. E. Explain the factors th ...
A conserved role for kinesin-5 in plant mitosis
... cytokinetic organelle, the phragmoplast (Asada et al., 1997). In the arabidopsis genome, four sequences have been annotated as kinesin-5 members, whereas in animal genomes kinesin-5 is present usually as a single-copy gene. These plant proteins have similarity to mammalian Eg5, particularly in the m ...
... cytokinetic organelle, the phragmoplast (Asada et al., 1997). In the arabidopsis genome, four sequences have been annotated as kinesin-5 members, whereas in animal genomes kinesin-5 is present usually as a single-copy gene. These plant proteins have similarity to mammalian Eg5, particularly in the m ...
Networks Inferred from Biochemical Data Reveal Profound
... the third most common cause of cancer death in humans (44). Thus, better understanding of changes in signaling networks that accompany the development of HCC should impact human health. Whereas transcriptional data can be collected on a genome-wide scale, this is not possible for data on protein lev ...
... the third most common cause of cancer death in humans (44). Thus, better understanding of changes in signaling networks that accompany the development of HCC should impact human health. Whereas transcriptional data can be collected on a genome-wide scale, this is not possible for data on protein lev ...
Comparison of cytotoxicity and wound healing effect of
... he corneal epithelium forms an integral part of the ocular surface and is necessary for maintaining a clear and proper functioning cornea. When compromised, it is therefore important that it is rapidly regenerated. Dry eye syndrome is a common disorder that affects approximately 10% to 20% of the ad ...
... he corneal epithelium forms an integral part of the ocular surface and is necessary for maintaining a clear and proper functioning cornea. When compromised, it is therefore important that it is rapidly regenerated. Dry eye syndrome is a common disorder that affects approximately 10% to 20% of the ad ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.