Cytoskeleton remodelling of confluent epithelial cells cultured on
... defined molecular contact between a protein network—the extracellular matrix (ECM)—and specified transmembrane proteins such as integrins that connect the ECM network to the cytoskeleton allowing the transmission of force. Adhesion of cells is the initial step that precedes cell spreading, prolifera ...
... defined molecular contact between a protein network—the extracellular matrix (ECM)—and specified transmembrane proteins such as integrins that connect the ECM network to the cytoskeleton allowing the transmission of force. Adhesion of cells is the initial step that precedes cell spreading, prolifera ...
View Full Page PDF - The American Biology Teacher
... morphological and functional features of undifferentiated stem cells can be defined by gene expression activities. The activation and repression of genes is a finely regulated molecular choreography involving transcription factors, i.e., molecules that bind DNA. For instance, we now know that the pl ...
... morphological and functional features of undifferentiated stem cells can be defined by gene expression activities. The activation and repression of genes is a finely regulated molecular choreography involving transcription factors, i.e., molecules that bind DNA. For instance, we now know that the pl ...
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition during gastrulation
... animals. Both gastrulation and EMT exhibit remarkable variations in different organisms, and no conserved role for EMT during gastrulation is evident. We propose that a ‘broken-down’ model, in which these two processes are considered to be a collective sum of separately regulated steps, may provide ...
... animals. Both gastrulation and EMT exhibit remarkable variations in different organisms, and no conserved role for EMT during gastrulation is evident. We propose that a ‘broken-down’ model, in which these two processes are considered to be a collective sum of separately regulated steps, may provide ...
A conserved role for kinesin-5 in plant mitosis
... cytokinetic organelle, the phragmoplast (Asada et al., 1997). In the arabidopsis genome, four sequences have been annotated as kinesin-5 members, whereas in animal genomes kinesin-5 is present usually as a single-copy gene. These plant proteins have similarity to mammalian Eg5, particularly in the m ...
... cytokinetic organelle, the phragmoplast (Asada et al., 1997). In the arabidopsis genome, four sequences have been annotated as kinesin-5 members, whereas in animal genomes kinesin-5 is present usually as a single-copy gene. These plant proteins have similarity to mammalian Eg5, particularly in the m ...
Unit 3 Biology Webquest/Book quest - Mandarin High School
... Textbook: p. 222 15. Identify the mitochondria as the cellular structure involved in respiration stressing that internal membranes are the primary site of reactions. Textbook: p. 222, 227, 228 16. Identify tissues in the body that require high concentration of mitochondria due to high energy require ...
... Textbook: p. 222 15. Identify the mitochondria as the cellular structure involved in respiration stressing that internal membranes are the primary site of reactions. Textbook: p. 222, 227, 228 16. Identify tissues in the body that require high concentration of mitochondria due to high energy require ...
Cardiac Cell Lineages that Form the Heart
... Retrospective clonal analysis in the mouse embryo (see Buckingham and Meilhac 2011) indicated that two major lineages contribute to the myocardium of the heart. The first lineage contributes left ventricular myocardium, whereas the second lineage is the source of outflow tract and most right ventric ...
... Retrospective clonal analysis in the mouse embryo (see Buckingham and Meilhac 2011) indicated that two major lineages contribute to the myocardium of the heart. The first lineage contributes left ventricular myocardium, whereas the second lineage is the source of outflow tract and most right ventric ...
Pseudoautosomal genes in man - Development
... part of this sequence (Fig. 2). Monoclonal antibodies were produced that recognize both the immunizing peptide and the 32-5x 10'A/r MIC2 cell surface product. MSGB1 is typical of these antibodies (Table 1). Whilst none of these antibodies immunoprecipitate specific polypeptides their ability to reco ...
... part of this sequence (Fig. 2). Monoclonal antibodies were produced that recognize both the immunizing peptide and the 32-5x 10'A/r MIC2 cell surface product. MSGB1 is typical of these antibodies (Table 1). Whilst none of these antibodies immunoprecipitate specific polypeptides their ability to reco ...
Cell migration: mechanisms of rear detachment and the formation of
... traction sites for migration as the cell moves forward over them, and they must be disassembled at the cell rear, allowing it to detach. The mechanisms of rear detachment and the regulatory processes involved are not well understood. The disassembly of adhesions that is required for detachment depen ...
... traction sites for migration as the cell moves forward over them, and they must be disassembled at the cell rear, allowing it to detach. The mechanisms of rear detachment and the regulatory processes involved are not well understood. The disassembly of adhesions that is required for detachment depen ...
Oriented Asymmetric Divisions That Generate the
... Schnittger et al., 1999; Lee and Schiefelbein, 2000). Positional cues, which may be transmitted by intercellular signaling (Scheres, 1997), may be especially important in plants because plant cells do not usually migrate. In addition to their significance for gas exchange, stomata are a valuable sys ...
... Schnittger et al., 1999; Lee and Schiefelbein, 2000). Positional cues, which may be transmitted by intercellular signaling (Scheres, 1997), may be especially important in plants because plant cells do not usually migrate. In addition to their significance for gas exchange, stomata are a valuable sys ...
Notes (other NGS applications)
... High-Resolution Profiling of Histone methylations in the human genome Ref: Cell, 129(4):823-837, 2007 Generated high-resolution maps for the genome-wide distribution of 20 histone lysine and arginine methylations and others across the human genome using the Solexa 1G sequencing technology (The ...
... High-Resolution Profiling of Histone methylations in the human genome Ref: Cell, 129(4):823-837, 2007 Generated high-resolution maps for the genome-wide distribution of 20 histone lysine and arginine methylations and others across the human genome using the Solexa 1G sequencing technology (The ...
The programme of cell death in plants and animals – A comparison
... function primarily with the mitochondria in controlling cell death in vertebrates. It is now an established fact that mitochondria, which are called the ‘power houses’ of the cell, not only generate energy for cellular activities but also play an important role in cell death42,43 in animals. They re ...
... function primarily with the mitochondria in controlling cell death in vertebrates. It is now an established fact that mitochondria, which are called the ‘power houses’ of the cell, not only generate energy for cellular activities but also play an important role in cell death42,43 in animals. They re ...
Lab 14 Review Name: Osmosis Instructions: Log in to www
... 1. Choose one a double layered membrane that surrounds the cell and also called the plasma membrane. Regulates what enters and exits the cell. 2. Choose one a measure of how much a given substance is mixed with another substance. 3. Choose one The spontaneous net movement of particles from area of h ...
... 1. Choose one a double layered membrane that surrounds the cell and also called the plasma membrane. Regulates what enters and exits the cell. 2. Choose one a measure of how much a given substance is mixed with another substance. 3. Choose one The spontaneous net movement of particles from area of h ...
Cross-species functional analyses reveal shared
... To begin this analysis, expression of Sox11 in the mouse cerebral cortex was examined. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for Sox11 was performed to characterize localization at different developmental ages (Fig. 1A-D; Fig. S1). Sox11 is preferentially expressed in the subplate, marginal ...
... To begin this analysis, expression of Sox11 in the mouse cerebral cortex was examined. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for Sox11 was performed to characterize localization at different developmental ages (Fig. 1A-D; Fig. S1). Sox11 is preferentially expressed in the subplate, marginal ...
Alight-inducible organelle targeting system for dynamically
... localization and that the presence of the fusion protein did not alter cell doubling time. Following these assays, nine PhyB-mCherry-anchor fusions targeting eight different locations displayed good behavior (Figure 1C), and the other 11 strains were eliminated because of growth defects or failure o ...
... localization and that the presence of the fusion protein did not alter cell doubling time. Following these assays, nine PhyB-mCherry-anchor fusions targeting eight different locations displayed good behavior (Figure 1C), and the other 11 strains were eliminated because of growth defects or failure o ...
Cryopreservation of Cultured Plant Cells
... Slow prefreezing was also more effective for cryopreservation of bromegrass and tobacco BY-2 cells than vitrification (Ishikawa et al. 1996; Kobayashi et al. 2006a). In contrast, Reinhoud et al. (1995) showed that cryopreservation of tobacco LT cells by vitrification retained higher viability and ga ...
... Slow prefreezing was also more effective for cryopreservation of bromegrass and tobacco BY-2 cells than vitrification (Ishikawa et al. 1996; Kobayashi et al. 2006a). In contrast, Reinhoud et al. (1995) showed that cryopreservation of tobacco LT cells by vitrification retained higher viability and ga ...
Microinjection into plant cells of etiolated - Products
... vacuole is only a few micrometers thick. As a result of the deformation of the cell wall during the injection and the sudden relaxation when the capillary penetrates the wall, the needle will often end up in the vacuole. Material injected into the vacuole is not only trapped but in many cases degrad ...
... vacuole is only a few micrometers thick. As a result of the deformation of the cell wall during the injection and the sudden relaxation when the capillary penetrates the wall, the needle will often end up in the vacuole. Material injected into the vacuole is not only trapped but in many cases degrad ...
Ribosome biogenesis and cell growth: mTOR coordinates
... yeast which have shown that the TOR signaling pathway broadly controls nutrient metabolism by sequestering several transcription factors in the cytoplasm (Di Como and Arndt, 1996; Beck and Hall, 1999; Jiang and Broach, 1999). Together, these results demonstrate that inhibition of mTOR signaling down ...
... yeast which have shown that the TOR signaling pathway broadly controls nutrient metabolism by sequestering several transcription factors in the cytoplasm (Di Como and Arndt, 1996; Beck and Hall, 1999; Jiang and Broach, 1999). Together, these results demonstrate that inhibition of mTOR signaling down ...
Potential effect of spliceosome inhibition in small cell lung
... MYC aberrations. One reason for the failure to directly target MYC, at least in SCLCs, is that, unlike the epidermal growth factor receptor mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement in lung adenocarcinomas, MYC de-regulation is not a sole driver aberration. For example, in mice models, f ...
... MYC aberrations. One reason for the failure to directly target MYC, at least in SCLCs, is that, unlike the epidermal growth factor receptor mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement in lung adenocarcinomas, MYC de-regulation is not a sole driver aberration. For example, in mice models, f ...
Ampicillin vs. Carbenicillin
... and benzyl group whereas ampicillin is an aminopenicillin. Carbenicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis in peptidoglycan crosslinking because it is a member of the penicillin family of antibiotics. Carbenicillin demonstrates improved stability over ampicillin when used in growth media. It is more resi ...
... and benzyl group whereas ampicillin is an aminopenicillin. Carbenicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis in peptidoglycan crosslinking because it is a member of the penicillin family of antibiotics. Carbenicillin demonstrates improved stability over ampicillin when used in growth media. It is more resi ...
The Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Accumulates in
... It has been well established that although synaptic vesicles arise by endocytosis (for review see Kelly and Grote, 1993), they exclude endosomal markers such as low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and TfR (Linstedt and Kelly, 1991; Cameron et al., 1991). Therefore, it has been argued that synap ...
... It has been well established that although synaptic vesicles arise by endocytosis (for review see Kelly and Grote, 1993), they exclude endosomal markers such as low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and TfR (Linstedt and Kelly, 1991; Cameron et al., 1991). Therefore, it has been argued that synap ...
Kang, J., A. Volkmann, and D.H. Raulet. 2001. Evidence that gammadelta versus alphabeta T cell fate determination is initiated independently of T cell receptor signaling. J Exp Med 193:689-698.
... (23, 24), whereas the development of ␣ T cells is blocked incompletely and can be partially rescued by expression of the Bcl2 transgene. The complete block in ␥␦ cell development in IL-7R␣⫺/⫺ mice was shown to result specifically from a deficiency in TCR ␥ chain synthesis (18), consistent with the ...
... (23, 24), whereas the development of ␣ T cells is blocked incompletely and can be partially rescued by expression of the Bcl2 transgene. The complete block in ␥␦ cell development in IL-7R␣⫺/⫺ mice was shown to result specifically from a deficiency in TCR ␥ chain synthesis (18), consistent with the ...
Basement membrane matrices in mouse embryogenesis
... in early development and teratocarcinoma differentiation. In the early embryo a compartmentalization of newly formed cell types takes place immediately by formation of basement membranes The stage-specific developmental appearance of extracellular matrix molecules such as type IV collagen, laminin. ...
... in early development and teratocarcinoma differentiation. In the early embryo a compartmentalization of newly formed cell types takes place immediately by formation of basement membranes The stage-specific developmental appearance of extracellular matrix molecules such as type IV collagen, laminin. ...
Evo-engineering and the Cellular and Molecular Origins of
... the role of signal transduction networks in the maintenance and differentiation of NMps. Finally, we propose that by considering NMps as a transition state and modelling their development as a dynamic system, it may be possible to understand how evolution has acted up the signal and gene regulatory ...
... the role of signal transduction networks in the maintenance and differentiation of NMps. Finally, we propose that by considering NMps as a transition state and modelling their development as a dynamic system, it may be possible to understand how evolution has acted up the signal and gene regulatory ...
End of Year Study Guide
... *List examples of physical changes (not changes in state) b. Recognize that changes in state are physical changes *List changes in state, definitions, and examples ...
... *List examples of physical changes (not changes in state) b. Recognize that changes in state are physical changes *List changes in state, definitions, and examples ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.