Membrane Remodeling and Organization: Elements Common to
... eukaryotes, flotillins are involved in plasma membrane organization, cytoskeletal rearrangements, signal transduction, endocytosis and chromosome segregation during mitosis (information reviewed in refs. 27,28). Flotillins are elements conserved among vertebrates and invertebrates, and they are ubiq ...
... eukaryotes, flotillins are involved in plasma membrane organization, cytoskeletal rearrangements, signal transduction, endocytosis and chromosome segregation during mitosis (information reviewed in refs. 27,28). Flotillins are elements conserved among vertebrates and invertebrates, and they are ubiq ...
Introduction to histopathology
... following way: www.open.edu/openlearn/about-openlearn/frequently-askedquestions-on-openlearn. Copyright and rights falling outside the terms of the Creative Commons Licence are retained or controlled by The Open University. Please read the full text before using any of the content. We believe the pr ...
... following way: www.open.edu/openlearn/about-openlearn/frequently-askedquestions-on-openlearn. Copyright and rights falling outside the terms of the Creative Commons Licence are retained or controlled by The Open University. Please read the full text before using any of the content. We believe the pr ...
Another Step Closer to Understanding Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis
... (BGT, PDB code 1BGT), with two similar Rossmann domains: the N-domain (blue) and the Cdomain (green). (Adapted from Rocha et al., 2016, Supplemental Figure 1.) most similar structures, despite FUT1 sharing less than 20% sequence identity with the corresponding proteins. Importantly, the conserved re ...
... (BGT, PDB code 1BGT), with two similar Rossmann domains: the N-domain (blue) and the Cdomain (green). (Adapted from Rocha et al., 2016, Supplemental Figure 1.) most similar structures, despite FUT1 sharing less than 20% sequence identity with the corresponding proteins. Importantly, the conserved re ...
Chapter 1: The Microbial World and You
... organelles and indicate the function of each: plasma membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, plastids, vacuoles and nucleus. 2- Distinguish between prokaryotic and ...
... organelles and indicate the function of each: plasma membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, plastids, vacuoles and nucleus. 2- Distinguish between prokaryotic and ...
Tissues Response to Injury
... in tissues, but occurring during the development of the embryo or foetus ...
... in tissues, but occurring during the development of the embryo or foetus ...
A Novel Transfection Method for Mammalian Cells Using Calcium
... cells is an indispensable technique for the investigation of both gene function and gene therapy. A variety of methods have been reported for the transfection of mammalian cells including microinjection (1), particle bombardment (2), the calcium phosphate method (3), the liposome method (4) and the ...
... cells is an indispensable technique for the investigation of both gene function and gene therapy. A variety of methods have been reported for the transfection of mammalian cells including microinjection (1), particle bombardment (2), the calcium phosphate method (3), the liposome method (4) and the ...
Embryonic stem cells assume a primitive neural stem cell fate in the
... instructive or inhibitory signals and what cellular configuration/ fate will result. The standard methodology for the in vitro differentiation of ES cells typically involves the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs; Desbaillets et al., 2000), which are formed by aggregation of ES cells in the presence ...
... instructive or inhibitory signals and what cellular configuration/ fate will result. The standard methodology for the in vitro differentiation of ES cells typically involves the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs; Desbaillets et al., 2000), which are formed by aggregation of ES cells in the presence ...
pdf: Wu et al. 2010
... interval was identified by multiplex PCR using the same primer pairs that amplified the hybridization probes. Mutant rsw4 plants were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (GV3101) carrying cosmid clones according to Clough and Bent (Clough and Bent, 1998), and T1 transformants were selected on h ...
... interval was identified by multiplex PCR using the same primer pairs that amplified the hybridization probes. Mutant rsw4 plants were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (GV3101) carrying cosmid clones according to Clough and Bent (Clough and Bent, 1998), and T1 transformants were selected on h ...
Figure 1 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
... ability of epithelia into folds, ridges, pits and tubes. As a building block of morphogenesis, epithelial bending makes almost every organ, from the primitive gut tube that makes the primary body axis during gastrulation to the finest pores that are the hair follicles on the skin. Epithelial bending ...
... ability of epithelia into folds, ridges, pits and tubes. As a building block of morphogenesis, epithelial bending makes almost every organ, from the primitive gut tube that makes the primary body axis during gastrulation to the finest pores that are the hair follicles on the skin. Epithelial bending ...
A conditional mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana
... interval was identified by multiplex PCR using the same primer pairs that amplified the hybridization probes. Mutant rsw4 plants were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (GV3101) carrying cosmid clones according to Clough and Bent (Clough and Bent, 1998), and T1 transformants were selected on h ...
... interval was identified by multiplex PCR using the same primer pairs that amplified the hybridization probes. Mutant rsw4 plants were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (GV3101) carrying cosmid clones according to Clough and Bent (Clough and Bent, 1998), and T1 transformants were selected on h ...
muscle atrophy - Miami University
... known to induce a HSR in the cells of a variety of organisms. Prahlad and the team also explored whether the worm’s metabolic state influences the HSR by repeating their experiments in either the presence or the absence of dauer hormone. High amounts of dauer hormone are produced when population den ...
... known to induce a HSR in the cells of a variety of organisms. Prahlad and the team also explored whether the worm’s metabolic state influences the HSR by repeating their experiments in either the presence or the absence of dauer hormone. High amounts of dauer hormone are produced when population den ...
Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 modulates β-chemokines
... periphery were examined using DNA immunogen constructs as model antigens. We coimmunized cDNA expression cassettes encoding the adhesion molecules intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), lymphocyte function associated-3 (LFA-3), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) along with DNA immun ...
... periphery were examined using DNA immunogen constructs as model antigens. We coimmunized cDNA expression cassettes encoding the adhesion molecules intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), lymphocyte function associated-3 (LFA-3), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) along with DNA immun ...
Inmunol 27-4
... protect other proteins and peptides inside cell compartments. Many of them are overexpressed under stress induced by different means including high temperatures(25). With regard to DCs, heat shock proteins mediate two functions. On the one hand they can induce maturation and on the other they may ef ...
... protect other proteins and peptides inside cell compartments. Many of them are overexpressed under stress induced by different means including high temperatures(25). With regard to DCs, heat shock proteins mediate two functions. On the one hand they can induce maturation and on the other they may ef ...
Skin and bones: the bacterial cytoskeleton, cell wall, and cell
... is borne out by physical modeling, and C. crescentus vibrioid cells, which elongate into helices after an extended time in stationary phase, obey one of the predictions of the model, namely that helical pitch will decrease as cells elongate (Wolgemuth et al., 2005). An alternative hypothesis derives ...
... is borne out by physical modeling, and C. crescentus vibrioid cells, which elongate into helices after an extended time in stationary phase, obey one of the predictions of the model, namely that helical pitch will decrease as cells elongate (Wolgemuth et al., 2005). An alternative hypothesis derives ...
Cell Wall
... – Living part of cell – Receives signals such as hormones. – Wall signals transmitted through plasmalemma and into cytoplasm, -biochemical response ...
... – Living part of cell – Receives signals such as hormones. – Wall signals transmitted through plasmalemma and into cytoplasm, -biochemical response ...
Enhanced B7-2 Gene Expression by Interferon
... Interferon-␥ (IFN-␥), secreted by activated T lymphocytes and natural killer cells,16 is a potent activator of human monocytic cells. IFN-␥ activates and differentiates human monocytes,17,18 leading to increase in Class I and Class II MHC expression,16,19,20 transferrin receptor expression,21 toxic ...
... Interferon-␥ (IFN-␥), secreted by activated T lymphocytes and natural killer cells,16 is a potent activator of human monocytic cells. IFN-␥ activates and differentiates human monocytes,17,18 leading to increase in Class I and Class II MHC expression,16,19,20 transferrin receptor expression,21 toxic ...
Skeletal muscle contraction
... Also found on the thin myofilaments are long protein strands called tropomyosin. When the muscle is at rest, the proteins cover the binding sites for the head of myosin. A third regulatory protein, called troponin, is made up of three subunits—troponin , which binds with Ca++; which binds to the tro ...
... Also found on the thin myofilaments are long protein strands called tropomyosin. When the muscle is at rest, the proteins cover the binding sites for the head of myosin. A third regulatory protein, called troponin, is made up of three subunits—troponin , which binds with Ca++; which binds to the tro ...
- Wiley Online Library
... colonization causes disease only in a subset of those infected (Parrish et al., 1998; Stewart et al., 2003; Monack et al., 2004). Helicobacter pylori, species of Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and many other bacteria that we generally consider to be serious pathogens, can frequently estab ...
... colonization causes disease only in a subset of those infected (Parrish et al., 1998; Stewart et al., 2003; Monack et al., 2004). Helicobacter pylori, species of Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and many other bacteria that we generally consider to be serious pathogens, can frequently estab ...
Tricellulin regulates junctional tension of epithelial cells at tricellular
... the apical junctional complex (AJC) is thought to play crucial roles in actomyosin-related cell behavior. In vertebrates, the AJC consists of adherens junctions ...
... the apical junctional complex (AJC) is thought to play crucial roles in actomyosin-related cell behavior. In vertebrates, the AJC consists of adherens junctions ...
Analytical tools for single-molecule fluorescence imaging in
... molecule approaches, arguably better termed ‘in cellulo’ approaches if one is observing single individual cells to discriminate from investigations on multicellular organisms (excepting single-celled organisms such as bacteria which can be described in both contexts), add significant insight not onl ...
... molecule approaches, arguably better termed ‘in cellulo’ approaches if one is observing single individual cells to discriminate from investigations on multicellular organisms (excepting single-celled organisms such as bacteria which can be described in both contexts), add significant insight not onl ...
Measuring Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Red Blood Cells
... numerical aperture of the beam after the objective. We solved this problem using an integration sphere after the objective to assure that optical rays in any angle are taken into account. The measurements have been performed for a wide range of parameters such as fluid viscosity, refractive index, d ...
... numerical aperture of the beam after the objective. We solved this problem using an integration sphere after the objective to assure that optical rays in any angle are taken into account. The measurements have been performed for a wide range of parameters such as fluid viscosity, refractive index, d ...
Full text in pdf format
... the highest mortality observed in 1991 and 1992. This mortality occurred only during the summer when the temperature was higher. Signs associated with RSS infection may represent the response to environmental factors, as hypothesized in relation to other parasites (Elston & Peacock 1984, Elston 1986 ...
... the highest mortality observed in 1991 and 1992. This mortality occurred only during the summer when the temperature was higher. Signs associated with RSS infection may represent the response to environmental factors, as hypothesized in relation to other parasites (Elston & Peacock 1984, Elston 1986 ...
PDF
... energy metabolism and morphology have to be adapted during several developmental differentiation events in order to survive and proliferate in these different environments (reviewed in [2,3]). Trypanosomes differentiate from the bloodstream form (BSF) in the mammalian host to the procyclic form (PF) ...
... energy metabolism and morphology have to be adapted during several developmental differentiation events in order to survive and proliferate in these different environments (reviewed in [2,3]). Trypanosomes differentiate from the bloodstream form (BSF) in the mammalian host to the procyclic form (PF) ...
Cellular and Antitumor Activity of a New Diethylene Glycol
... activated splenocytes with the use of standard culture conditions as described above. Briefly, cells (107/mL) were incubated for up to 60 min at 378C in DMEM containing 10% FBS and lemuteporfin at 4.2 lM. At each time point, 1 mL of PBS was added. Tubes were then centrifuged at 2000 rpm (325 3 g) fo ...
... activated splenocytes with the use of standard culture conditions as described above. Briefly, cells (107/mL) were incubated for up to 60 min at 378C in DMEM containing 10% FBS and lemuteporfin at 4.2 lM. At each time point, 1 mL of PBS was added. Tubes were then centrifuged at 2000 rpm (325 3 g) fo ...
Biology inside cover Mod2.indd
... These materials have been published jointly by the Commonwealth of Learning and the partner Ministries and institutions. All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ ...
... These materials have been published jointly by the Commonwealth of Learning and the partner Ministries and institutions. All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.