T Cells + Spread to CD4 Immature Dendritic Cells and Limits HIV
... HIV-1 infection of MDDCs For infection of MDDCs, 3000–6000 50% tissue culture infectious dose/ million cells of HIV-1BaL were used (19). The percentage of infected MDDCs was determined by intracellular p24 staining after 7 d of infection, as previously described (23, 24). Cells were first stained fo ...
... HIV-1 infection of MDDCs For infection of MDDCs, 3000–6000 50% tissue culture infectious dose/ million cells of HIV-1BaL were used (19). The percentage of infected MDDCs was determined by intracellular p24 staining after 7 d of infection, as previously described (23, 24). Cells were first stained fo ...
Coupling of DNA replication and mitosis by fission yeast rad4/cut5
... was isolated by an immunoprecipitation-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) cycle used to isolate physically the genomic DNA sequences that are bound to the cdclO+ gene product, a transcription factor for START (Hofmann and Beach, 1994). Characteristically, expression of the cdc!8+ and c d tl+ genes is c ...
... was isolated by an immunoprecipitation-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) cycle used to isolate physically the genomic DNA sequences that are bound to the cdclO+ gene product, a transcription factor for START (Hofmann and Beach, 1994). Characteristically, expression of the cdc!8+ and c d tl+ genes is c ...
Characterization and Dynamics of Cytoplasmic F
... open spaces observed between criss crossing bundles were thought to form a mesh or a window, as indicated in Fig. 8 b. Some hundred measurements of such meshes per cell were made at different levels, i.e., in the interzone and the polar regions, on four to five cells at each stage of prophase, metap ...
... open spaces observed between criss crossing bundles were thought to form a mesh or a window, as indicated in Fig. 8 b. Some hundred measurements of such meshes per cell were made at different levels, i.e., in the interzone and the polar regions, on four to five cells at each stage of prophase, metap ...
p53 and Apoptosis - Website Staff UI
... • Oncogenes stimulate cells to grow (or refuse to die). • Mutated oncogenes can stimulate cells even when they are not receiving growth signals. Example: Ras, Akt, Survivin. • Amplification of oncogenes is also found in cancer. Example: MDM2. ...
... • Oncogenes stimulate cells to grow (or refuse to die). • Mutated oncogenes can stimulate cells even when they are not receiving growth signals. Example: Ras, Akt, Survivin. • Amplification of oncogenes is also found in cancer. Example: MDM2. ...
The endocytic network in plants
... cell wall [10,11,13,15], which might provide an important paradigm of an effective mechanism for remodelling extracellular matrices in other organisms. Compartments, molecules and markers The endocytic machinery, which encompasses both molecules and membranous compartments, is well conserved in high ...
... cell wall [10,11,13,15], which might provide an important paradigm of an effective mechanism for remodelling extracellular matrices in other organisms. Compartments, molecules and markers The endocytic machinery, which encompasses both molecules and membranous compartments, is well conserved in high ...
cell transport and mitosis notes
... Cell Life Cycle Cells have two major periods Interphase ...
... Cell Life Cycle Cells have two major periods Interphase ...
Cell walls
... b-(1, 3)-glucan is a minor component of plant tissue, but it is important in plant disease resistance because it occurs primarily in cell wall appositions and papillae in the form of callose in response to fungal penetration. Many pathogens produce b-(1, 3)-glucanase to degrade b(1, 3)-glucane. ...
... b-(1, 3)-glucan is a minor component of plant tissue, but it is important in plant disease resistance because it occurs primarily in cell wall appositions and papillae in the form of callose in response to fungal penetration. Many pathogens produce b-(1, 3)-glucanase to degrade b(1, 3)-glucane. ...
Sensitizing B Cells for TLR2 Ligands Cell
... recognized by the nucleotide oligomerization domain (Nod) receptors meso-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (Nod1) and muramyl dipeptide (Nod2). These cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors are involved in the innate immune recognition of bacteria (26 –31). Additionally, most peptidoglycan prepa ...
... recognized by the nucleotide oligomerization domain (Nod) receptors meso-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (Nod1) and muramyl dipeptide (Nod2). These cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors are involved in the innate immune recognition of bacteria (26 –31). Additionally, most peptidoglycan prepa ...
Cell Structure/Function
... Your Answer: Correct Answer: 6. Which statement BEST describes the cell membrane in a typical plant cell? The membrane Your Answer: Correct Answer: 7. Which organelles are most directly involved in transporting materials out of the cell? Your Answer: Correct Answer: ...
... Your Answer: Correct Answer: 6. Which statement BEST describes the cell membrane in a typical plant cell? The membrane Your Answer: Correct Answer: 7. Which organelles are most directly involved in transporting materials out of the cell? Your Answer: Correct Answer: ...
Gene nuc2 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... then transferred to restrictive temperature (36~ for 4 h and examined by DAPI stain for whether chromosomes of ts mutant cells remain condensed without separation. In the wild-type S. pombe, chromosomes separate after condensation (e.g., Toda et al., 1981). Therefore, if mutations specifically preve ...
... then transferred to restrictive temperature (36~ for 4 h and examined by DAPI stain for whether chromosomes of ts mutant cells remain condensed without separation. In the wild-type S. pombe, chromosomes separate after condensation (e.g., Toda et al., 1981). Therefore, if mutations specifically preve ...
Opposite Effects of Tor1 and Tor2 on Nitrogen Starvation
... OR proteins, the central protein kinases that control cell growth and proliferation, were first identified in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the targets for the immunosuppressive and potential anticancerous drug rapamycin (Wullschleger et al. 2006). Rapamycin binds the small FKBP12 protein an ...
... OR proteins, the central protein kinases that control cell growth and proliferation, were first identified in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the targets for the immunosuppressive and potential anticancerous drug rapamycin (Wullschleger et al. 2006). Rapamycin binds the small FKBP12 protein an ...
The Drosophila wing differentiation factor Vestigial
... effect can be rescued by the addition of thymidine.16 In addition, several enzymatic activities of the dTMP biosynthesis pathway, such as DHFR and thymidine kinase (TK), are perturbed in vg mutants.15 Therefore, we conclude that vg could be a regulator of dTMP synthesis in the tissue where it is nor ...
... effect can be rescued by the addition of thymidine.16 In addition, several enzymatic activities of the dTMP biosynthesis pathway, such as DHFR and thymidine kinase (TK), are perturbed in vg mutants.15 Therefore, we conclude that vg could be a regulator of dTMP synthesis in the tissue where it is nor ...
1 a dictyostelium mutant with reduced lysozyme levels compensates
... particles. The lysosome is the most potent degradative organelle within the eukaryotic cell. It contains hydrolytic enzymes that fulfill essential functions. In humans, many mutations affecting its constituents lead to the diseased state, often with dramatic consequences. Mutations of this sort fall ...
... particles. The lysosome is the most potent degradative organelle within the eukaryotic cell. It contains hydrolytic enzymes that fulfill essential functions. In humans, many mutations affecting its constituents lead to the diseased state, often with dramatic consequences. Mutations of this sort fall ...
Distinct fluorescent pattern of KAT1::GFP in the plasma membrane of
... These mechanisms include the lateral separation of specific membrane lipid species (i.e. mainly cholesterol and glycosphingolipids) which leads to the formation of specialised microdomains, so-called lipid rafts. Certain proteins accumulate in these microdomains (e.g. glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol ( ...
... These mechanisms include the lateral separation of specific membrane lipid species (i.e. mainly cholesterol and glycosphingolipids) which leads to the formation of specialised microdomains, so-called lipid rafts. Certain proteins accumulate in these microdomains (e.g. glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol ( ...
Promega Notes 99: NIH Chemical Genomics Center: Small
... the transcription of genes containing cAMP Responsive Elements (CRE). CRE is a nucleotide sequence often found in the promoter regions of genes that are binding sites for CREB. The 1536-well format, cell-based assay uses the luciferase reporter gene under the control of the cAMP responsive element f ...
... the transcription of genes containing cAMP Responsive Elements (CRE). CRE is a nucleotide sequence often found in the promoter regions of genes that are binding sites for CREB. The 1536-well format, cell-based assay uses the luciferase reporter gene under the control of the cAMP responsive element f ...
YEO_RNA_2006
... REST sites are highly-conserved across evolution Superiorcervical ganglion neuralspecific 10 Synaptosomalassociated protein 25 ...
... REST sites are highly-conserved across evolution Superiorcervical ganglion neuralspecific 10 Synaptosomalassociated protein 25 ...
Differential expression of a poplar copper chaperone gene in
... transport has not been determined. It has been shown that the genes responsible for cellular metal homeostasis are regulated by various heavy metals at the transcription level (Borghouts et al. 2002, Connolly et al. 2002). The response of plant CCH genes to heavy metals was reported in Arabidopsis o ...
... transport has not been determined. It has been shown that the genes responsible for cellular metal homeostasis are regulated by various heavy metals at the transcription level (Borghouts et al. 2002, Connolly et al. 2002). The response of plant CCH genes to heavy metals was reported in Arabidopsis o ...
Biology I – 9 weeks review
... What type of cells in the body does Meiosis take place in? _______________________ How many divisions does a cell go through in Meiosis? ____________________________ What is the process where homologous chromosomes trade parts? _______________________ How many cells are produced after Meiosis? _____ ...
... What type of cells in the body does Meiosis take place in? _______________________ How many divisions does a cell go through in Meiosis? ____________________________ What is the process where homologous chromosomes trade parts? _______________________ How many cells are produced after Meiosis? _____ ...
Root-knot nematodes manipulate plant cell functions during a
... time. These studies identified a large number of new genes regulated in response to RKN infection and demonstrated the temporal regulation of a fraction of these genes. The proportion (5–15%) of genes displaying differential expression reflects the complexity of nematode-feeding site ontogenesis. In ...
... time. These studies identified a large number of new genes regulated in response to RKN infection and demonstrated the temporal regulation of a fraction of these genes. The proportion (5–15%) of genes displaying differential expression reflects the complexity of nematode-feeding site ontogenesis. In ...
organelle in bacillus subtilis
... and Yamada (22) observed in B. subtilis must also be identical with the organelles described here. The present more general application of the RyterKellenberger technique is bound to reveal the organelles in many more bacteria (e.g., Fitz-James (3), M u r r a y (14, 15)). But it remains an open ques ...
... and Yamada (22) observed in B. subtilis must also be identical with the organelles described here. The present more general application of the RyterKellenberger technique is bound to reveal the organelles in many more bacteria (e.g., Fitz-James (3), M u r r a y (14, 15)). But it remains an open ques ...
The extracellular matrix at a glance
... of post-translational modifications. Through these physical and biochemical characteristics the ECM generates the biochemical and mechanical properties of each organ, such as its tensile and compressive strength and elasticity, and also mediates protection by a buffering action that maintains extrac ...
... of post-translational modifications. Through these physical and biochemical characteristics the ECM generates the biochemical and mechanical properties of each organ, such as its tensile and compressive strength and elasticity, and also mediates protection by a buffering action that maintains extrac ...
Patterning and morphogenesis of the follicle cell epithelium during
... oogenesis. IA) Drawing of an adulr wild-type ovariole. IB) Drawingof a germar;um. ICI A mature egg remain throughout the completion of oogenesis. Somatic stem cells are located at the border between germarium regions 1 and 2 (Margolis and Spradling, 1995). In region 2, follicle cells migrate from fh ...
... oogenesis. IA) Drawing of an adulr wild-type ovariole. IB) Drawingof a germar;um. ICI A mature egg remain throughout the completion of oogenesis. Somatic stem cells are located at the border between germarium regions 1 and 2 (Margolis and Spradling, 1995). In region 2, follicle cells migrate from fh ...
Mutations in a novel gene, myoblast city, provide evidence
... time some myoblasts become much longer, some now begins in a single ventral cell between 6 and 7 hours AEL, which divides to give rise to two cells, known collectively as spanning distances two or three times the length of normal muscles. These myoblasts occasionally have more than one nucleus, indi ...
... time some myoblasts become much longer, some now begins in a single ventral cell between 6 and 7 hours AEL, which divides to give rise to two cells, known collectively as spanning distances two or three times the length of normal muscles. These myoblasts occasionally have more than one nucleus, indi ...
Posters – Immunology and Oncology NAME OF THE PROJECT
... SATT IDF Innov Despite the use of donor selection criteria (HLA histocompatibility, sex, age and medical history), there is no efficient way to predict acute GvHD. It was recently found that the amplification capacity of a rare T lymphocyte subpopulation in the graft was correlated to the occurrence ...
... SATT IDF Innov Despite the use of donor selection criteria (HLA histocompatibility, sex, age and medical history), there is no efficient way to predict acute GvHD. It was recently found that the amplification capacity of a rare T lymphocyte subpopulation in the graft was correlated to the occurrence ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.