The Significance of Low bcl-2 Expression by CD45RO T Cells in No
... expression to the LCA display on these cells. Our findings demonstrate that there is a decrease in bcl-2 protein expression in T cells after activation which leads to apoptosis unless they are rescued by appropriate factors, in analogy with the selection of B cells in germinal centers (5, 6). Thus, ...
... expression to the LCA display on these cells. Our findings demonstrate that there is a decrease in bcl-2 protein expression in T cells after activation which leads to apoptosis unless they are rescued by appropriate factors, in analogy with the selection of B cells in germinal centers (5, 6). Thus, ...
Ianello A, Raulet DH. 2013. Immune Surveillance of Unhealthy Cells by Natural Killer Cells. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.
... induction of NKG2D ligands, mobilizes NK cells and T cells and hence serves as one mechanism to promote tumor surveillance (Gasser et al. 2005; Cerboni et al. 2007; Soriani et al. 2009). The involvement of the DNA damage response in the induction of NKG2D ligands has also been studied in the case of ...
... induction of NKG2D ligands, mobilizes NK cells and T cells and hence serves as one mechanism to promote tumor surveillance (Gasser et al. 2005; Cerboni et al. 2007; Soriani et al. 2009). The involvement of the DNA damage response in the induction of NKG2D ligands has also been studied in the case of ...
An Investigation of Endoplasmic Reticulum
... animals, including: monkeys, humans, parakeets, hamsters, rats, and mice (1). Affecting the lattermost group is the murine polyomavirus (MuPyV), which typically spreads to the kidneys and brain in mice, and often results in latent infections that can be reactivated when the host’s immune system is c ...
... animals, including: monkeys, humans, parakeets, hamsters, rats, and mice (1). Affecting the lattermost group is the murine polyomavirus (MuPyV), which typically spreads to the kidneys and brain in mice, and often results in latent infections that can be reactivated when the host’s immune system is c ...
Polarity and cell division orientation in the cleavage embryo: from
... paper, we describe how polarity cues, cytoskeleton and cell-to-cell communication interact with each other to regulate orientation of the early embryonic division planes in model animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mouse. We focus particularly on the Par pathway and the actin-driv ...
... paper, we describe how polarity cues, cytoskeleton and cell-to-cell communication interact with each other to regulate orientation of the early embryonic division planes in model animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mouse. We focus particularly on the Par pathway and the actin-driv ...
Mutational analysis supports a core role for Drosophila a
... female germline (data not shown), preventing us from examining embryos that lack the maternal and zygotic gene product. Aside from defects in head involution, we did not see obvious abnormalities in other embryonic tissues in which defects had previously been described in embryos with reduced levels ...
... female germline (data not shown), preventing us from examining embryos that lack the maternal and zygotic gene product. Aside from defects in head involution, we did not see obvious abnormalities in other embryonic tissues in which defects had previously been described in embryos with reduced levels ...
T Gulick, SJ Pieper, MA Murphy, LG Lange and GF
... inflammatory myocarditis. We therefore examined the hypothesis that immune cells can produce noncytotoxic alterations in cardiac function. Methods and Results. A novel system to evaluate cultured cardiac myocyte contractility was developed using neonatal rat cardiocytes grown on human amniotic membr ...
... inflammatory myocarditis. We therefore examined the hypothesis that immune cells can produce noncytotoxic alterations in cardiac function. Methods and Results. A novel system to evaluate cultured cardiac myocyte contractility was developed using neonatal rat cardiocytes grown on human amniotic membr ...
Opportunities to Explore Plant Membrane
... Electron microscopy and light microscopy both have been essential tools for investigating molecular distribution and cell structure. While electron microscopy is capable of much higher resolution compared to light microscopy, it is prone to artifacts introduced by sample preparation and it produces ...
... Electron microscopy and light microscopy both have been essential tools for investigating molecular distribution and cell structure. While electron microscopy is capable of much higher resolution compared to light microscopy, it is prone to artifacts introduced by sample preparation and it produces ...
L-Carnosine reduces telomere damage and shortening
... cells is unable to fully replicate the very end of a linear DNA molecule. Because of this end-replication problem, telomere shortens at each round of cell division in the absence of telomerase, and other mechanisms that compensate the telomere loss. Normal human cells can only divide for a finite num ...
... cells is unable to fully replicate the very end of a linear DNA molecule. Because of this end-replication problem, telomere shortens at each round of cell division in the absence of telomerase, and other mechanisms that compensate the telomere loss. Normal human cells can only divide for a finite num ...
Cell Type–Specific Chromatin Decondensation of a
... genes within the avenacin gene cluster is accompanied by chromatin decondensation. Previously, we constructed and sequenced a BAC contig spanning the Sad1/Sad2 region and showed that these two genes lie within 58 kb of each other in the A. strigosa genome (Figure 3A) (Qi et al., 2004, 2006). We gene ...
... genes within the avenacin gene cluster is accompanied by chromatin decondensation. Previously, we constructed and sequenced a BAC contig spanning the Sad1/Sad2 region and showed that these two genes lie within 58 kb of each other in the A. strigosa genome (Figure 3A) (Qi et al., 2004, 2006). We gene ...
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels Branch
... IDO with a high potency (Röhrig et al, 2012). This approach yielded highly efficient low-molecular weight inhibitors, the most active being of nanomolar potency both in an enzymatic and in a cellular assay, while showing no cellular toxicity and a high selectivity for IDO1 over tryptophan 2,3-dioxyg ...
... IDO with a high potency (Röhrig et al, 2012). This approach yielded highly efficient low-molecular weight inhibitors, the most active being of nanomolar potency both in an enzymatic and in a cellular assay, while showing no cellular toxicity and a high selectivity for IDO1 over tryptophan 2,3-dioxyg ...
MONERAS KINGDOM - 1st ESO Bilingual Science
... Unicellular algae sometimes form ............................. in which each cell can ................................... the vital functions. All the cells of ................................................. algae look the same and have the same functions. For this reason algae have not got true . ...
... Unicellular algae sometimes form ............................. in which each cell can ................................... the vital functions. All the cells of ................................................. algae look the same and have the same functions. For this reason algae have not got true . ...
LIGHT MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF PORELLA PLATYPHYLLA (L
... -80°C. The reason for this is that the longer and slower freezing process could cause the formation of large ice crystals which destroy membrane systems and organelles too. Cells were unimpaired after the rapid and short frost effect at -80°C. When the cells were coloured with neutral red before fre ...
... -80°C. The reason for this is that the longer and slower freezing process could cause the formation of large ice crystals which destroy membrane systems and organelles too. Cells were unimpaired after the rapid and short frost effect at -80°C. When the cells were coloured with neutral red before fre ...
Serum-Free Media
... Adaptation to Serum-Free media Carried over several serial subcultures Stable cell proliferation is established at one concentration - Subculture cells into a lower concentration until stable growth is reestablished - Dilute serum again ...
... Adaptation to Serum-Free media Carried over several serial subcultures Stable cell proliferation is established at one concentration - Subculture cells into a lower concentration until stable growth is reestablished - Dilute serum again ...
Divergent Roles for Maize PAN1 and PAN2 Receptor
... (Figure 1, arrowhead 1 in A and arrowhead in B), becoming more enriched at the cell plate later in areas where the phragmoplast has already disassembled and as the cell plate is attaching to the mother cell wall (Fig. 1A, arrowheads 2 and 3). Shortly after completion of the new subsidiary cell wall, ...
... (Figure 1, arrowhead 1 in A and arrowhead in B), becoming more enriched at the cell plate later in areas where the phragmoplast has already disassembled and as the cell plate is attaching to the mother cell wall (Fig. 1A, arrowheads 2 and 3). Shortly after completion of the new subsidiary cell wall, ...
Comparison of Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence Microscopy and
... and different methods were used to quantify its efficiency in terms of percentage of transfected cells (%TR), fluorescence intensity (FL) or both, where fluorescence intensity directly correlates with the amounts of expressed transgene. In order to compare gene electrotransfer efficiencies from diff ...
... and different methods were used to quantify its efficiency in terms of percentage of transfected cells (%TR), fluorescence intensity (FL) or both, where fluorescence intensity directly correlates with the amounts of expressed transgene. In order to compare gene electrotransfer efficiencies from diff ...
Segregation of object and background motion in the
... course of firing of OMS cells did not depend on the spatial phase of the grating: even a 1808 phase shift, corresponding to a complete reversal of black and white bars, did not significantly alter the cell’s response (Fig. 5a). Nor did such a phase reversal alter the response of polyaxonal amacrine ...
... course of firing of OMS cells did not depend on the spatial phase of the grating: even a 1808 phase shift, corresponding to a complete reversal of black and white bars, did not significantly alter the cell’s response (Fig. 5a). Nor did such a phase reversal alter the response of polyaxonal amacrine ...
PDF
... because the timing and orientation of their first mitoses are unknown; em4 (black outline) has not yet divided at this time, nor has em5 (blue), but em6 (red) and sm1 (yellow) have each undergone bilateral divisions; sm2 (green) is shown rounding up for mitosis while sm3 (purple) and sm4 (turquoise) ...
... because the timing and orientation of their first mitoses are unknown; em4 (black outline) has not yet divided at this time, nor has em5 (blue), but em6 (red) and sm1 (yellow) have each undergone bilateral divisions; sm2 (green) is shown rounding up for mitosis while sm3 (purple) and sm4 (turquoise) ...
Folliculin directs the formation of a Rab34–RILP
... for HA-FNIP1. Live-cell spinning disc confocal imaging of FLCN/ FNIP2 transfected cells revealed three distinct classes of FLCN-GFP/ Lysotracker-Red dynamics (Fig 2A). Peri-nuclear, FLCN-positive lysosomes tended to be slightly larger and engaged in short saltatory movements (Fig 2Ai and Movie EV1 z ...
... for HA-FNIP1. Live-cell spinning disc confocal imaging of FLCN/ FNIP2 transfected cells revealed three distinct classes of FLCN-GFP/ Lysotracker-Red dynamics (Fig 2A). Peri-nuclear, FLCN-positive lysosomes tended to be slightly larger and engaged in short saltatory movements (Fig 2Ai and Movie EV1 z ...
S 7.1 All living organisms are com- posed of cells, from just one to
... of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. For example, your brain is mostly made up of nervous tissue, which consists of nerve cells. An organ, such as your brain, is made up of different kinds of tissues that work together. In addition to nervous tissue, your brain contain ...
... of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. For example, your brain is mostly made up of nervous tissue, which consists of nerve cells. An organ, such as your brain, is made up of different kinds of tissues that work together. In addition to nervous tissue, your brain contain ...
video slide - Issaquah Connect
... – Takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another ...
... – Takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another ...
http://medlib
... Unstimulated cells (those which haven’t come in contact with the hormone) aren’t pumping out mRNA. They’re just sitting around. 5. Okay, say the Yahoos did the controls you described above. So in reading their paper, you become convinced that their data is legit. Prolactin really does cause transcri ...
... Unstimulated cells (those which haven’t come in contact with the hormone) aren’t pumping out mRNA. They’re just sitting around. 5. Okay, say the Yahoos did the controls you described above. So in reading their paper, you become convinced that their data is legit. Prolactin really does cause transcri ...
Historical Background: In 1838, Schwann and - Moodle
... Overview of secondary metabolite production in tissue culture: Plants produce a large spectrum of natural products, the secondary metabolites. Nowadays, it is accepted that although these compounds are not important for the primary metabolism of the plant, they are in many cases of great importance ...
... Overview of secondary metabolite production in tissue culture: Plants produce a large spectrum of natural products, the secondary metabolites. Nowadays, it is accepted that although these compounds are not important for the primary metabolism of the plant, they are in many cases of great importance ...
Myeloid RelA regulates pulmonary host defense networks and R. Bals*
... warning signal that causes the local innate host defense system to switch from continuous noninflammatory protection towards an inflammatory activation of host defense. The aim of the study was to characterise the role of the myeloid NF-kB RelA subunit in host defense cells and to test whether the i ...
... warning signal that causes the local innate host defense system to switch from continuous noninflammatory protection towards an inflammatory activation of host defense. The aim of the study was to characterise the role of the myeloid NF-kB RelA subunit in host defense cells and to test whether the i ...
Can J Bot
... structures in roots has been associated with the presence of arbuscules (Ames et al. 1982; Jabaji-Hare et al. 1984; Klingner et al. 1995). After observing living mycorrhizal ryegrass roots by CLSM, Vierheilig et al. (1999) suggested recently that only collapsed, clumped arbuscules autofluoresce but ...
... structures in roots has been associated with the presence of arbuscules (Ames et al. 1982; Jabaji-Hare et al. 1984; Klingner et al. 1995). After observing living mycorrhizal ryegrass roots by CLSM, Vierheilig et al. (1999) suggested recently that only collapsed, clumped arbuscules autofluoresce but ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.