Novel adenosine and cAMP signalling pathways in migrating glial
... ones, with a mean occurrence of oscillations of 2.0 ± 0.1 events per minute. Moreover, in experiments in which the agonist was applied twice separated by a washout interval of 120 s, most cells (65%, n = 65 out of 101) responded to both stimulations. Finally we examined the effect of other three dif ...
... ones, with a mean occurrence of oscillations of 2.0 ± 0.1 events per minute. Moreover, in experiments in which the agonist was applied twice separated by a washout interval of 120 s, most cells (65%, n = 65 out of 101) responded to both stimulations. Finally we examined the effect of other three dif ...
Adult stem cells and their ability to differentiate
... stem cells are capable of forming any tissue in the body, similarly to a fertilized egg which, following cleavage, produces cells which differentiate into all types of tissues. Pluripotency is the capability of the cell to create almost any type of cells in the organism, but not the entirety. Multip ...
... stem cells are capable of forming any tissue in the body, similarly to a fertilized egg which, following cleavage, produces cells which differentiate into all types of tissues. Pluripotency is the capability of the cell to create almost any type of cells in the organism, but not the entirety. Multip ...
Diffusion Modeling of snRNP Dynamics
... independent and a single value should fit all data sets. In order to test this hypothesis we used a global fitting when all 97 measurements acquired at different distances from the photoactivated spot were fitted simultaneously (see methods). Since the model is heavily overdetermined, the global fit ...
... independent and a single value should fit all data sets. In order to test this hypothesis we used a global fitting when all 97 measurements acquired at different distances from the photoactivated spot were fitted simultaneously (see methods). Since the model is heavily overdetermined, the global fit ...
The MAP Kinase MPK4 Is Required for Cytokinesis
... mutant plants exhibited severe aboveground dwarfism (Figures 1A and 1C), retarded root growth (Figure 1C), and the protrusion of many epidermal cells from roots (Figures 1G and 1I). The mpk4-2 homozygous mutant set only a few flowers, and these flowers produced very few viable seeds or none at all. ...
... mutant plants exhibited severe aboveground dwarfism (Figures 1A and 1C), retarded root growth (Figure 1C), and the protrusion of many epidermal cells from roots (Figures 1G and 1I). The mpk4-2 homozygous mutant set only a few flowers, and these flowers produced very few viable seeds or none at all. ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... prevention of differentiation. ESCs can proliferate for extended periods of time, be manipulated genetically using recombinant DNA technology, be directed for targeted differentiation and have a capacity for germline transmission. These qualities have made ESCs an excellent tool for genetic engineer ...
... prevention of differentiation. ESCs can proliferate for extended periods of time, be manipulated genetically using recombinant DNA technology, be directed for targeted differentiation and have a capacity for germline transmission. These qualities have made ESCs an excellent tool for genetic engineer ...
Stem cells in cancer: instigators and propagators?
... cell population found ~4-5 cell positions above the base of the crypt (Sangiorgi and Capecchi, 2008), and a rapidly cycling stem cell population composed of slender-shaped cells [so-called crypt base columnar cells (CBCCs)] that are sandwiched between Paneth cells at the base of the crypt (Barker et ...
... cell population found ~4-5 cell positions above the base of the crypt (Sangiorgi and Capecchi, 2008), and a rapidly cycling stem cell population composed of slender-shaped cells [so-called crypt base columnar cells (CBCCs)] that are sandwiched between Paneth cells at the base of the crypt (Barker et ...
Oncogenic ras-driven cancer cell vesiculation leads to emission of
... H-ras signals. Remarkably, such signal was readily detected within 2 days of EV exposure, and was still present as long as 30 days later, albeit at diminished levels (Fig. 4B). We have not observed a time-dependent enrichment or permanent presence of H-ras DNA in the recipient cells, which suggests ...
... H-ras signals. Remarkably, such signal was readily detected within 2 days of EV exposure, and was still present as long as 30 days later, albeit at diminished levels (Fig. 4B). We have not observed a time-dependent enrichment or permanent presence of H-ras DNA in the recipient cells, which suggests ...
Selective Expression of a Novel Surface Molecule by Human Th2
... IFN-gR b-chain (12), CCR3 (13), CCR4 (14), and ST2L (15) was reported to be preferential to Th2 cells. All of these molecules were originally identified with in vitro cell culture system. However, expression specificity of these molecules in human Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo has not yet been fully est ...
... IFN-gR b-chain (12), CCR3 (13), CCR4 (14), and ST2L (15) was reported to be preferential to Th2 cells. All of these molecules were originally identified with in vitro cell culture system. However, expression specificity of these molecules in human Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo has not yet been fully est ...
The Distribution and Morphology Alterations of Microfilaments and
... of enhanced UV-B radiation on the growth of living organisms had been extensively concentrated. Recently, lots of researches have indicated that enhanced UV-B radiation can arouse significant effects on living organisms in morphological structures, physiological processes, biochemical metabolism, ph ...
... of enhanced UV-B radiation on the growth of living organisms had been extensively concentrated. Recently, lots of researches have indicated that enhanced UV-B radiation can arouse significant effects on living organisms in morphological structures, physiological processes, biochemical metabolism, ph ...
Arabidopsis CSLD5 Functions in Cell Plate
... of clustered stomatal guard cells (Figures 1D and 1E), and incomplete cell walls were observed in developing stomatal guard cell complexes (Figure 1D). Single csld2 and csld3 mutants did not display stomatal defects, but loss of either gene enhanced the csld5 phenotype (Figures 1D and 1E), consisten ...
... of clustered stomatal guard cells (Figures 1D and 1E), and incomplete cell walls were observed in developing stomatal guard cell complexes (Figure 1D). Single csld2 and csld3 mutants did not display stomatal defects, but loss of either gene enhanced the csld5 phenotype (Figures 1D and 1E), consisten ...
Macrophage-specific gene functions in Spi1
... from adaptive immunity in zebrafish embryos, as development and maturation of lymphoid cells require several weeks.27 The generation of a number of transgenic zebrafish with fluorescent proteins under the control of promoters of genes involved in distinct aspects of hematopoiesis greatly facilitated ...
... from adaptive immunity in zebrafish embryos, as development and maturation of lymphoid cells require several weeks.27 The generation of a number of transgenic zebrafish with fluorescent proteins under the control of promoters of genes involved in distinct aspects of hematopoiesis greatly facilitated ...
Epstein-Barr virus inhibits the development of dendritic cells by
... in immunocompetent hosts. It is associated with several malignancies of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic origin. Several lines of evidence indicate that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CD8⫹ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical for the control of EBV infection. The ...
... in immunocompetent hosts. It is associated with several malignancies of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic origin. Several lines of evidence indicate that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CD8⫹ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical for the control of EBV infection. The ...
Lineage-restricted neural precursors survive, migrate, and
... defined populations of lineage-restricted precursors will test the in vivo properties of these precursors in CNS and allow us to define the sequence of events following their grafting into the injured spinal cord. Using tissue derived from transgenic rats expressing the alkaline phosphatase (AP) mar ...
... defined populations of lineage-restricted precursors will test the in vivo properties of these precursors in CNS and allow us to define the sequence of events following their grafting into the injured spinal cord. Using tissue derived from transgenic rats expressing the alkaline phosphatase (AP) mar ...
Asymmetric Cell Divisions: Zygotes of Fucoid Algae as a
... opposite hemisphere is not well understood, but may involve formation of cGMP gradients resulting from differential photoreceptor activation (Robinson and Miller 1997) and/or activation of a plasma membrane redox chain on the shaded hemisphere (Berger and Brownlee 1994). Pharmacological studies indi ...
... opposite hemisphere is not well understood, but may involve formation of cGMP gradients resulting from differential photoreceptor activation (Robinson and Miller 1997) and/or activation of a plasma membrane redox chain on the shaded hemisphere (Berger and Brownlee 1994). Pharmacological studies indi ...
Bone Marrow Norepinephrine Release in the Spleen and Cells and
... ymphocyte function is closely regulated by several immune system-related mechanisms, including cytokines and cell-cell interactions that play a critical role in modulating both the intensity and the type of immune response to a specific Ag (reviewed in Ref. 1). In addition to these immune regulatory ...
... ymphocyte function is closely regulated by several immune system-related mechanisms, including cytokines and cell-cell interactions that play a critical role in modulating both the intensity and the type of immune response to a specific Ag (reviewed in Ref. 1). In addition to these immune regulatory ...
Fate of Frog Virus 3 DNA Replicated in the Nucleus of Arginine
... supplemented with 10~o calf serum. To deprive the cells of arginine, this medium was replaced 16 h before infection by alpha medium devoid of arginine and supplemented with only 0.5~ dialysed calf serum. FV 3 was produced and purified as described previously (Aubertin et al., 1973, 1980). Infection ...
... supplemented with 10~o calf serum. To deprive the cells of arginine, this medium was replaced 16 h before infection by alpha medium devoid of arginine and supplemented with only 0.5~ dialysed calf serum. FV 3 was produced and purified as described previously (Aubertin et al., 1973, 1980). Infection ...
Stress Protein-Binding Polytope Peptides T Cell Responses by DNA
... cloned into the genome of a recombinant virus). If the length of the peptide is ⬎50 – 80 residues, the DNA-based approach is easier for vaccine designs, at least at the stage of experimental, preclinical vaccine designs. We therefore exploited the DNA vaccination approach to test in the mouse some a ...
... cloned into the genome of a recombinant virus). If the length of the peptide is ⬎50 – 80 residues, the DNA-based approach is easier for vaccine designs, at least at the stage of experimental, preclinical vaccine designs. We therefore exploited the DNA vaccination approach to test in the mouse some a ...
Science Summer Project - Rising 7th Grade
... Summer Assignment Focus: Recap of Cells Your Task: Draw and label a diagram of two cells: one plant and one animal. Understand and include a brief description of the function of each organelle that you label. Your Diagrams: ● You must draw each diagram yourself ● One labelled diagram of a plant ...
... Summer Assignment Focus: Recap of Cells Your Task: Draw and label a diagram of two cells: one plant and one animal. Understand and include a brief description of the function of each organelle that you label. Your Diagrams: ● You must draw each diagram yourself ● One labelled diagram of a plant ...
The MAP Kinase MPK4 Is Required for Cytokinesis in
... mutant plants exhibited severe aboveground dwarfism (Figures 1A and 1C), retarded root growth (Figure 1C), and the protrusion of many epidermal cells from roots (Figures 1G and 1I). The mpk4-2 homozygous mutant set only a few flowers, and these flowers produced very few viable seeds or none at all. ...
... mutant plants exhibited severe aboveground dwarfism (Figures 1A and 1C), retarded root growth (Figure 1C), and the protrusion of many epidermal cells from roots (Figures 1G and 1I). The mpk4-2 homozygous mutant set only a few flowers, and these flowers produced very few viable seeds or none at all. ...
Journal of Microbiological Methods
... structural and functional aspects of microbial communities together. To perform a double labelling, yielding a high signal strength for both the oligonucleotide and the antibody, cells have to be labelled with the oligonucleotide first followed by immunostaining. When the labelling sequence was chan ...
... structural and functional aspects of microbial communities together. To perform a double labelling, yielding a high signal strength for both the oligonucleotide and the antibody, cells have to be labelled with the oligonucleotide first followed by immunostaining. When the labelling sequence was chan ...
Expression of the Activating Transcription Factor 3 Prevents c
... analysis, the hypoglossal nuclei of 10 operated rats were dissected from the operated and normal sides and frozen in liquid nitrogen. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The following cDNA fragments were isolated by RT-PCR used as probes: ATF3, 162–708 of M63282; ATF2, 1025–1725 of NM-03 ...
... analysis, the hypoglossal nuclei of 10 operated rats were dissected from the operated and normal sides and frozen in liquid nitrogen. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The following cDNA fragments were isolated by RT-PCR used as probes: ATF3, 162–708 of M63282; ATF2, 1025–1725 of NM-03 ...
INTERLEUKIN 6 DECREASES CELL
... Cell Lines and Culture Conditions . The T47D and ZR 75-1 lines of human ductal breast carcinoma cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD. The T-47 line was established from the pleural effusion obtained from a female patient with an infiltrating ductal carcinoma o ...
... Cell Lines and Culture Conditions . The T47D and ZR 75-1 lines of human ductal breast carcinoma cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD. The T-47 line was established from the pleural effusion obtained from a female patient with an infiltrating ductal carcinoma o ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.