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Overexpression of vinculin suppresses cell motility in BALB/c 3T3 cells
Overexpression of vinculin suppresses cell motility in BALB/c 3T3 cells

... shown that chicken vinculin is rapidly incorporated into, and becomes indistinguishable from, the endogenous vinculin pool of the injected mammalian cells [Kreis et al., 19851. The precise mechanism whereby a specific increase in vinculin level suppresses cell motility is not clear. This reflects th ...
Signaling-dependent immobilization of acylated proteins in the inner
Signaling-dependent immobilization of acylated proteins in the inner

... recovery for changes in focal plane, photobleaching, or de novo delivery of probe, recovery was also measured at an area of unengaged membrane of the same cell. Although theoretically the MF cannot exceed 100%, membrane convolution at sites of ingestion can occasionally cause the MF to exceed this v ...
Le Van Kim and Wassim El Nemer Grandis, Yves - Labex GR-Ex
Le Van Kim and Wassim El Nemer Grandis, Yves - Labex GR-Ex

... Lu/BCAM is expressed on resting endothelial cells where it contributes to abnormal SS reticulocyte adhesion by interacting with erythroid integrin ␣4␤1 (16). Hydroxycarbamide (HC, the recommended international nonproprietary name of hydroxyurea) is the only drug that has demonstrated clinical benefi ...
Identification of novel MYO18A interaction partners - HAL
Identification of novel MYO18A interaction partners - HAL

... Unconventional myosins do not form the structure of myofibrils, however, they have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of a wide range of cellular functions, including cell migration, intracellular trafficking, adhesion and cytokinesis10, although their implication in muscle cell fu ...
Regulation of translesion synthesis DNA polymerase by η
Regulation of translesion synthesis DNA polymerase by η

... We next attempted to identify the lysine residue(s) in polη that can be ubiquitinated. HEK293T cells were transfected with HA-tagged ubiquitin and Flag-tagged polη. After immunoprecipitation of polη with anti-Flag antibodies, the presumptive monoubiquitinated species of polη was visualized by Coomas ...
Anti-Lunatic Fringe antibody
Anti-Lunatic Fringe antibody

... Defects in LFNG are the cause of spondylocostal dysostosis type 3 (SCDO3) [MIM:609813]. An autosomal recessive condition of variable severity associated with vertebral and rib segmentation defects. The main skeletal malformations include fusion of vertebrae, hemivertebrae, fusion of certain ribs, an ...
Molecular basis of differential gene expression in the mouse
Molecular basis of differential gene expression in the mouse

... (Telford et al., 1990). While full control of development by embryonic transcripts takes at least until the blastocyst stage, the “switch” is experimentally defined as the time of the first burst of transcription from the embryonic genome. This corresponds with when development becomes sensitive to ...
The Euglena - Hamilton Local Schools
The Euglena - Hamilton Local Schools

... Phylum Euglenophyta. All euglena have chloroplasts and can make their own food by photosynthesis. They are not completely autotrophic though, euglena can also absorb food from their environment. Euglena usually live in quiet ponds or puddles. Euglena move by a flagellum (plural = flagella), which is ...
Document
Document

... During the M phase of cell division, the chromatids are condensed by proteins called? (a) cohesins (b) condensins (c) cytochromes (d) selectins (e) None of the above ...
Cytoskeleton-Plasma Membrane-Cell Wall
Cytoskeleton-Plasma Membrane-Cell Wall

... ECM in its vicinity that is often produced by other cells, occasionally at discrete domains known as focal adhesions (Critchley, 2000) or tight/adherens junctions and desmosomes in the case of cell-to-cell contacts (Geiger and Bershadsky, 2001). Entering the post-genomic era, contemporary cell biolo ...
SHORT COMMUNICATION The Cellular Location of
SHORT COMMUNICATION The Cellular Location of

... No proteinase ycaB was detected in concentrated culture filtrates from either yeast cells or germ-tube-forming cells. Pepstatin-sensitive proteinase activity in these preparations probably represents proteinase ycaA (Remold et al., 1968). Vacuole preparations were enriched in a-Dmannosidase (marker ...
SHORT COMMUNICATION The Cellular Location of
SHORT COMMUNICATION The Cellular Location of

... No proteinase ycaB was detected in concentrated culture filtrates from either yeast cells or germ-tube-forming cells. Pepstatin-sensitive proteinase activity in these preparations probably represents proteinase ycaA (Remold et al., 1968). Vacuole preparations were enriched in a-Dmannosidase (marker ...
The identification of mature and immature leucocytes in
The identification of mature and immature leucocytes in

... lymphocyte in picture 3 actually seem to lie in a ’vacuole’, i.e. it might represent a morula of Human Monocytic Ehrlichia ! Single Ehrlichia are often seen in the cytoplasm of leukaemia cells inoculated with Ehrlichia, see CDC, Google. Tick bites are very common. New facts are that Ehrlichia specie ...
Preview Sample 2
Preview Sample 2

... 75. The condensed, "wound" nature of chromosomes during cell division prevents the DNA from directing the production of additional cellular proteins. TRUE ...
Active cell migration drives the unilateral movements
Active cell migration drives the unilateral movements

... migrating proximally and start spreading laterally before reaching the extra-embryonic ectoderm, presumably because they are obstructed by the leading cells. Cells 5 and 6, which are sisters, share a common track before they divide. They have separate tracks after division, but remain in contact wit ...
CAVATAS STUDY 5 years restenosis rate: 30% HR 0.43 (stent
CAVATAS STUDY 5 years restenosis rate: 30% HR 0.43 (stent

... After vascular reconstruction, luminal narrowing is in part caused by intimal thickening, the consequence of endothelial injury and inflammation, smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, and extracellular matrix accumulation. It may be possible to induce these lesions to shrink. ...
Cellular Computing
Cellular Computing

... – Covalent modification of proteins to affect activity  phosphorylation  GDP/GTP binding proteins  Cyclic AMP binding proteins – These techniques will be much more difficult to engineer at least until we understand protein structure and function better – Potentially 10 - 100 hertz response rates ...
Alu repeats as transcriptional regulatory platforms in macrophage
Alu repeats as transcriptional regulatory platforms in macrophage

... Transcription factors (TFs), and the gene transcription programs they control, integrate the molecular events and signaling pathways controlling the state of a cell under a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this regard, expression profiling studies revealed that infectio ...
Multipotent stem cells from the dorsal aorta
Multipotent stem cells from the dorsal aorta

... developing tissues, vessel-associated progenitors, which possibly originate from a common ancestor (a ‘mesoangioblast’, rather than an hemo-angioblast) would leave the vessel and adopt the fate of the tissue where the vessel has entered (Bianco and Cossu, 1999). This fate choice would depend upon lo ...
Mitochondrial debris reduce viability of healthy cardiomyocytes
Mitochondrial debris reduce viability of healthy cardiomyocytes

... Background: Acute myocardial infarction results in necrosis and initiation of sterile inflammation activated by Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs).Mitochondria are of bacterial origin, displaying bacterial traits in their DNA and proteins. Moreover, the cardiomyocyte volume consists of 30% ...
Chapter 2
Chapter 2

... Chapter 2 : Cell as a Unit of Life 2.3 Cell Organisation in the Human Body  The types and functions of human cells  Organisation of cells  The system of the human body and their functions 2.4 The Human Being − a Complex Organism  The human being − a complex organism BM Version ...
Investigation of the function of Retionid X Receptor in mouse
Investigation of the function of Retionid X Receptor in mouse

... Fine tuners of gene expression regulation, pioneering, bookmarking and the role of higher order chromatin structure In the ENCODE project the main aim was to identify all the possible cis-acting elements in the human genome. Each of the genes encoded in the human or mammalian genetic material is li ...
The role of fibroblast growth factor in early Xenopus development
The role of fibroblast growth factor in early Xenopus development

... the report by Smith (1987) of inducing activity secreted by a Xenopus cell line, we turned our attention to an investigation of known growth factors. In our initial screen, we tested a wide range of factors and found only three that were active. These were basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), embr ...
1 1 2 3 4 5 Wnt proteins can direct planar cell polarity in
1 1 2 3 4 5 Wnt proteins can direct planar cell polarity in

... To find out whether the observed effect on PCP is specific to Wnt5a or can be mediated by other ...
Microtechnologies for Cell Microenvironment Control and
Microtechnologies for Cell Microenvironment Control and

... The term “cell microenvironment” involves those factors that directly or indirectly affect cell behavior, by biophysical, biochemical or other pathways. As previously stated, those factors can be classified in: ECM, cells surrounding a single cell, soluble factors, topography or physical properties ...
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Cellular differentiation



In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.
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