N-terminal and C-terminal plasma membrane
... (Received 12 May 1999, revised 1 June 1999, accepted 13 August 1999) ...
... (Received 12 May 1999, revised 1 June 1999, accepted 13 August 1999) ...
Identification of Diphtheria Toxin Receptor and a
... PHTHERIA toxin (DT) ~ is a cytotoxic protein which inhibits cellular protein synthesis (4, 40) in eukaryotes by catalyzing the ADP-ribosylation of EF-2, which results in its inactivation (9, 12). The first step of intoxication by DT is binding of the toxin to a susceptible cell. A specific receptor ...
... PHTHERIA toxin (DT) ~ is a cytotoxic protein which inhibits cellular protein synthesis (4, 40) in eukaryotes by catalyzing the ADP-ribosylation of EF-2, which results in its inactivation (9, 12). The first step of intoxication by DT is binding of the toxin to a susceptible cell. A specific receptor ...
Association between cell wall-related processes and
... the ORFs annotation computational predictions from genome sequences combined with experimental verification were usually applied. The use of current genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches still provides not enough information for assignment of specific functions to all unknown genes (Li ...
... the ORFs annotation computational predictions from genome sequences combined with experimental verification were usually applied. The use of current genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches still provides not enough information for assignment of specific functions to all unknown genes (Li ...
Development of angiosperm seed is a complex process
... the epidermal mutants define genes that fall into two general classes, those apparently required for mucilage biosynthesis and those regulating differentiation. Mutations in five genes result in seed coats with an altered amount (MUM4) or composition (MUM1, MUM2, MUM3, MUM5) of mucilage [27, 31. Muc ...
... the epidermal mutants define genes that fall into two general classes, those apparently required for mucilage biosynthesis and those regulating differentiation. Mutations in five genes result in seed coats with an altered amount (MUM4) or composition (MUM1, MUM2, MUM3, MUM5) of mucilage [27, 31. Muc ...
Dysregulation of Purine Nucleotide Biosynthesis Pathways
... Daignan-Fornier, unpublished observations), they exhibit higher resistance to cDDP than hpt1⌬ cells (Huang et al., 2005), suggesting that factors other than or in addition to purine excretion may be important. It has been shown that mutation in the FCY2 gene results in resistance to purine and cytos ...
... Daignan-Fornier, unpublished observations), they exhibit higher resistance to cDDP than hpt1⌬ cells (Huang et al., 2005), suggesting that factors other than or in addition to purine excretion may be important. It has been shown that mutation in the FCY2 gene results in resistance to purine and cytos ...
TKRP125, a kinesin-related protein involved in the centrosome
... microtubules that extended from the irradiated site. The phragmoplast in plasma membrane-permeabilized endosperm cells of Haemanthus incorporated exogenously applied tubulin at the equatorial region (Vantard et al., 1990), an indication that the equatorial region is involved not only in the maintena ...
... microtubules that extended from the irradiated site. The phragmoplast in plasma membrane-permeabilized endosperm cells of Haemanthus incorporated exogenously applied tubulin at the equatorial region (Vantard et al., 1990), an indication that the equatorial region is involved not only in the maintena ...
Gene Section CDH1 (cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial))
... Sequential proteolysis induced by apoptosis or calcium influx, results in translocation from sites of cell-cell contact to the cytoplasm. ...
... Sequential proteolysis induced by apoptosis or calcium influx, results in translocation from sites of cell-cell contact to the cytoplasm. ...
Actin Microfilaments Regulate Vacuolar Structures and Dynamics
... arrow). To investigate the involvement of acto-myosin in the formation of the cytoplasmic strands, BA or BDM was applied at late telophase. Reorganization of cytoplasmic strands was not observed, and migration of daughter nuclei was completely inhibited (Fig. 7B–E). In this stage of the cell cycle, ...
... arrow). To investigate the involvement of acto-myosin in the formation of the cytoplasmic strands, BA or BDM was applied at late telophase. Reorganization of cytoplasmic strands was not observed, and migration of daughter nuclei was completely inhibited (Fig. 7B–E). In this stage of the cell cycle, ...
Strategies for the Allocation of Resources under Sulfur Limitation in
... fate than their high sulfate-grown counterparts, although the sulfate concentration of the sulfur-limited medium was almost 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of the sulfate-sufficient medium. Cells acclimated to growth in the presence of 6 m sulfate accumulated about 11 times more nitrate and 7 ...
... fate than their high sulfate-grown counterparts, although the sulfate concentration of the sulfur-limited medium was almost 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of the sulfate-sufficient medium. Cells acclimated to growth in the presence of 6 m sulfate accumulated about 11 times more nitrate and 7 ...
The Molecular Basis of Self-Avoidance
... (Figure 2a). Biochemical (Wojtowicz et al. 2004, 2007; Wu et al. 2012) and structural (Meijers et al. 2007, Sawaya et al. 2008) studies demonstrated that homophilic binding involves pairing of each variable domain with the same variable domain in its binding partner. The structure of a large fragmen ...
... (Figure 2a). Biochemical (Wojtowicz et al. 2004, 2007; Wu et al. 2012) and structural (Meijers et al. 2007, Sawaya et al. 2008) studies demonstrated that homophilic binding involves pairing of each variable domain with the same variable domain in its binding partner. The structure of a large fragmen ...
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... arrowheads), signifying that cells had not progressed past the twocell stage. In later developmental stages (L3), some branched fusomes were detected, but only among germ cells at some distance from ectopic hub cells (Fig. 4D, arrow). Strikingly, germ cells adjacent to ectopic hub cells often contai ...
... arrowheads), signifying that cells had not progressed past the twocell stage. In later developmental stages (L3), some branched fusomes were detected, but only among germ cells at some distance from ectopic hub cells (Fig. 4D, arrow). Strikingly, germ cells adjacent to ectopic hub cells often contai ...
Franz-Josef Obermair, Aileen Schröter and Michaela Thallmair
... function of adult spinal cord SPCs. Regarding the location of these cells in the intact adult spinal cord, it has been suggested that the neural stem cells reside in the white matter parenchyma (50, 77, 107) or close to the central canal, either in the ependyma (55, 74) or subependymally (70). Two m ...
... function of adult spinal cord SPCs. Regarding the location of these cells in the intact adult spinal cord, it has been suggested that the neural stem cells reside in the white matter parenchyma (50, 77, 107) or close to the central canal, either in the ependyma (55, 74) or subependymally (70). Two m ...
Glutamine breakdown in rapidly dividing cells: waste or investment?
... cells may require large amounts of glutamine for biosynthetic purposes, only a limited amount (<5%) of the extracted glutamine is used for such pathways.(8) However, it is noteworthy that, in rapidly dividing cells, the flux through glutaminase greatly exceeds the capacity of the mitochondria to oxi ...
... cells may require large amounts of glutamine for biosynthetic purposes, only a limited amount (<5%) of the extracted glutamine is used for such pathways.(8) However, it is noteworthy that, in rapidly dividing cells, the flux through glutaminase greatly exceeds the capacity of the mitochondria to oxi ...
From yeast to patient neurons and back again - Lindquist Lab
... Multiple Systems Atrophy (MSA). Despite significant evolutionary distance, basic cell biological processes are highly conserved from yeast to humans. Vesicle trafficking pathways, mechanisms that maintain proper protein folding, mitochondria, and lipid biology, for example, are fundamentally similar ...
... Multiple Systems Atrophy (MSA). Despite significant evolutionary distance, basic cell biological processes are highly conserved from yeast to humans. Vesicle trafficking pathways, mechanisms that maintain proper protein folding, mitochondria, and lipid biology, for example, are fundamentally similar ...
effeot of moisture stress on submicrosoopic struoture of maize roots
... content. When starch grains were present, their size increased with increasing distance from the root tip. Nuclei comprise almost three-quarters of the volume of the meristematic cells and contain randomly distributed chromatin areas in the form of electron-dense floccules. The nucleoli are very ele ...
... content. When starch grains were present, their size increased with increasing distance from the root tip. Nuclei comprise almost three-quarters of the volume of the meristematic cells and contain randomly distributed chromatin areas in the form of electron-dense floccules. The nucleoli are very ele ...
Dissociation of Centrosome Replication Events from Cycles of DNA
... centrosome replication that have been detected in embryonic cells after various experimental treatments most likely occurred by recruitment of precursor components from the preexisting cytoplasmic pools of proteins in eggs. It seems unlikely that cycling somatic cells have large amounts of stored pr ...
... centrosome replication that have been detected in embryonic cells after various experimental treatments most likely occurred by recruitment of precursor components from the preexisting cytoplasmic pools of proteins in eggs. It seems unlikely that cycling somatic cells have large amounts of stored pr ...
Autoimmunity Nucleic Acid-Sensing TLRs as Modifiers of
... functional studies focused on their importance in responding to pathogens such as Gram-negative bacteria (10 –12). Among the ligands identified so far are DNA, RNA, LPS and related molecules, flagellar proteins, lipopeptides, zymosan, profilin-like molecules, and the malarial pigment hemozoin (3). D ...
... functional studies focused on their importance in responding to pathogens such as Gram-negative bacteria (10 –12). Among the ligands identified so far are DNA, RNA, LPS and related molecules, flagellar proteins, lipopeptides, zymosan, profilin-like molecules, and the malarial pigment hemozoin (3). D ...
Plant Molecular Biology
... 1 and 2B). A very low percentage (less than 2%) of structure-less ghosts and cellular debris that are typical for necrotic cell death were also observed after 24 h DEX treatment (data not shown). However, even after 36 or 48 h treatment, the majority of cells belonged to categories x, y and z (Figur ...
... 1 and 2B). A very low percentage (less than 2%) of structure-less ghosts and cellular debris that are typical for necrotic cell death were also observed after 24 h DEX treatment (data not shown). However, even after 36 or 48 h treatment, the majority of cells belonged to categories x, y and z (Figur ...
T-Cell Activation by Recombinant Receptors
... and BamHI sites of the pSP72 vector DNA that also contains parts of the (1 ⫻ 10 cells/well) were cocultivated in triplicate in round-bottomed micro⫹ MuLV splice-acceptor and long terminal repeat sequences (21). Herewith, the titer plates with B7-expressing or nontransfected CEA LoVo and LS174T BamHI ...
... and BamHI sites of the pSP72 vector DNA that also contains parts of the (1 ⫻ 10 cells/well) were cocultivated in triplicate in round-bottomed micro⫹ MuLV splice-acceptor and long terminal repeat sequences (21). Herewith, the titer plates with B7-expressing or nontransfected CEA LoVo and LS174T BamHI ...
Aggresomes: A Cellular Response to Misfolded Proteins
... formation (Hartl, 1996). However, many misfolded proteins are targeted by covalent attachment of multiubiquitin chains for degradation by the proteasome (Haas and Siepmann, 1997). This pathway serves to degrade misfolded cytoplasmic proteins as well as membrane and secretory proteins that are unable ...
... formation (Hartl, 1996). However, many misfolded proteins are targeted by covalent attachment of multiubiquitin chains for degradation by the proteasome (Haas and Siepmann, 1997). This pathway serves to degrade misfolded cytoplasmic proteins as well as membrane and secretory proteins that are unable ...
2010 - Department of Biology
... there exist several constraints on worker reproduction (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990, 2008). We call these constraints ‘reproductive constraints’, and define them as any process that quantitatively or qualitatively reduces the ability of workers to reproduce relative to the queen. Reproductive constrai ...
... there exist several constraints on worker reproduction (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990, 2008). We call these constraints ‘reproductive constraints’, and define them as any process that quantitatively or qualitatively reduces the ability of workers to reproduce relative to the queen. Reproductive constrai ...
The importance of Src homology 2 domain-containing
... 14 eukaryotic proteins.22 They were predicted to feature a high content of ␣-helices and to participate in protein-protein interactions.22,23 Since then, more than 1300 SAM-containing proteins have been identified in various organisms, ranging from yeast to humans. SAM domains can be found in all su ...
... 14 eukaryotic proteins.22 They were predicted to feature a high content of ␣-helices and to participate in protein-protein interactions.22,23 Since then, more than 1300 SAM-containing proteins have been identified in various organisms, ranging from yeast to humans. SAM domains can be found in all su ...
dependency relations between events in mitosis in
... The dependency relationships between various events in mitosis in the fission yeast Schixosaccharomyces pombe have been investigated using a combination of approaches. The events concerned are those controlled by specific genes, a step or steps in mitosis sensitive to benomyl, and protein synthesis. ...
... The dependency relationships between various events in mitosis in the fission yeast Schixosaccharomyces pombe have been investigated using a combination of approaches. The events concerned are those controlled by specific genes, a step or steps in mitosis sensitive to benomyl, and protein synthesis. ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.