Syringolin Reprograms Wheat to Undergo
... served 24 hr after powdery mildew inoculation on leaves sprayed with a control solution or 40 M syringolin A at 24 hr before inoculation. Only 48 hr after inoculation, clear differences became apparent, as successful penetration, haustorium formation, and development of secondary hyphae were signif ...
... served 24 hr after powdery mildew inoculation on leaves sprayed with a control solution or 40 M syringolin A at 24 hr before inoculation. Only 48 hr after inoculation, clear differences became apparent, as successful penetration, haustorium formation, and development of secondary hyphae were signif ...
ATP-sensitive potassium channels in capillaries isolated from
... 1998; Frieden et al. 1999) and are able to produce membrane potential oscillations (Usachev et al. 1995). Many of the functions of the endothelium, for example, the release of vasoactive compounds and the regulation of the permeability of the vascular wall, are influenced by the free intracellular c ...
... 1998; Frieden et al. 1999) and are able to produce membrane potential oscillations (Usachev et al. 1995). Many of the functions of the endothelium, for example, the release of vasoactive compounds and the regulation of the permeability of the vascular wall, are influenced by the free intracellular c ...
384 The non-canonical Wnt ligand, Wnt4, is highly expressed in
... Background and aims: We have previously published data showing that in beta-cells most Wnt ligands are either not present or expressed at very low levels. The exception to this is Wnt4 which is expressed at levels 10 fold higher than any other Wnt ligand. Wnt4 has been suggested to have a negative e ...
... Background and aims: We have previously published data showing that in beta-cells most Wnt ligands are either not present or expressed at very low levels. The exception to this is Wnt4 which is expressed at levels 10 fold higher than any other Wnt ligand. Wnt4 has been suggested to have a negative e ...
Augmin Plays a Critical Role in Organizing the
... complex has been isolated from human cells for its role in centrosome-independent MT generation in spindles and chromosome segregation (Lawo et al., 2009; Uehara et al., 2009; Hutchins et al., 2010). Augmin and the g-tubulin complex appear to interact via the WD40 repeat protein NEDD1/GCP-WD (Zhu et ...
... complex has been isolated from human cells for its role in centrosome-independent MT generation in spindles and chromosome segregation (Lawo et al., 2009; Uehara et al., 2009; Hutchins et al., 2010). Augmin and the g-tubulin complex appear to interact via the WD40 repeat protein NEDD1/GCP-WD (Zhu et ...
Triton X-100 Extraction of P815 Tumor Cells
... absence of the lipid bilayer. Since purification of plasma membrane results in yields of only 20 to 40%, it was not clear whether the matrix was associated with the entire plasma membrane. To determine if a detergent-insoluble structure was present over the entire cell periphery and stable in the ab ...
... absence of the lipid bilayer. Since purification of plasma membrane results in yields of only 20 to 40%, it was not clear whether the matrix was associated with the entire plasma membrane. To determine if a detergent-insoluble structure was present over the entire cell periphery and stable in the ab ...
Cell Cycle in the Fucus Zygote Parallels a Somatic Cell
... embryos. Finally, cell cycle checkpoints of somatic cells differ greatly from those of embryonic cells. Somatic cells display stringent surveillance mechanisms that check the success of various cell cycle events such as DNA replication and the integrity of the spindle, preventing mitosis until accur ...
... embryos. Finally, cell cycle checkpoints of somatic cells differ greatly from those of embryonic cells. Somatic cells display stringent surveillance mechanisms that check the success of various cell cycle events such as DNA replication and the integrity of the spindle, preventing mitosis until accur ...
Fission yeast Tor2 promotes cell growth and represses cell
... The fission yeast S. pombe differentiates into ascospores under conditions of nutrient limitation. In the presence of nutrients, fission yeast cells reproduce asexually by means of the mitotic cell cycle. Upon nutritional starvation, they arrest the cell cycle in G1 and undergo sexual differentiatio ...
... The fission yeast S. pombe differentiates into ascospores under conditions of nutrient limitation. In the presence of nutrients, fission yeast cells reproduce asexually by means of the mitotic cell cycle. Upon nutritional starvation, they arrest the cell cycle in G1 and undergo sexual differentiatio ...
RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED1 Regulates
... that is perpendicular to the surface of the root and contributes to the length of a cell file, the division plane in the cortexendodermis initial daughter cell is shifted by 90°, resulting in a periclinal cell division (i.e., a division that generates two cells parallel to the surface of the root wit ...
... that is perpendicular to the surface of the root and contributes to the length of a cell file, the division plane in the cortexendodermis initial daughter cell is shifted by 90°, resulting in a periclinal cell division (i.e., a division that generates two cells parallel to the surface of the root wit ...
Caveolin-3 and SAP97 form a scaffolding protein complex that
... subcloned into pRSETB (Invitrogen) in-frame with the 6xHis tag coding sequence. GST1.5C1 (see Fig. 1B) and GST1.5C2 (see Fig. 4B) were amplified by PCR and subcloned into pGEX-4T-1 in-frame with the glutathione S-transferase (GST) coding sequence. Cell lines and transfections. COS-7 and Chinese hams ...
... subcloned into pRSETB (Invitrogen) in-frame with the 6xHis tag coding sequence. GST1.5C1 (see Fig. 1B) and GST1.5C2 (see Fig. 4B) were amplified by PCR and subcloned into pGEX-4T-1 in-frame with the glutathione S-transferase (GST) coding sequence. Cell lines and transfections. COS-7 and Chinese hams ...
regulator of cell-plate formation in plant cytokinesis The NPK1
... GENES & DEVELOPMENT 15:352–363 © 2001 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press ISSN 0890-9369/01 $5.00; www.genesdev.org ...
... GENES & DEVELOPMENT 15:352–363 © 2001 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press ISSN 0890-9369/01 $5.00; www.genesdev.org ...
Redistribution and differential extraction of soluble proteins in
... in native form, and the derivatization of the protein with a chromophore must demonstrably not alter its functional properties. Thus, it is not surprising that fluorescent anolog cytochemistry of living cells has been used in relatively few cases. Although the potential for artifacts due to the redi ...
... in native form, and the derivatization of the protein with a chromophore must demonstrably not alter its functional properties. Thus, it is not surprising that fluorescent anolog cytochemistry of living cells has been used in relatively few cases. Although the potential for artifacts due to the redi ...
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... The correct sub-cellular localization of viral envelope proteins is crucial for the assembly of enveloped viruses. This is the case whether viruses acquire their lipid envelope by directly budding through the plasma membrane, or by budding/wrapping at intracellular membranes whereby virions become c ...
... The correct sub-cellular localization of viral envelope proteins is crucial for the assembly of enveloped viruses. This is the case whether viruses acquire their lipid envelope by directly budding through the plasma membrane, or by budding/wrapping at intracellular membranes whereby virions become c ...
Analysis of Cell Divisions Patterns in the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical
... into 2D space. Since the meristem is dome-shaped, when projecting the meristem from the top the cells in the center are viewed perpendicularly while the cells towards the edges are viewed at an angle. This non-perpendicular viewing angle distorts the lengths of the cell walls and the angles at which ...
... into 2D space. Since the meristem is dome-shaped, when projecting the meristem from the top the cells in the center are viewed perpendicularly while the cells towards the edges are viewed at an angle. This non-perpendicular viewing angle distorts the lengths of the cell walls and the angles at which ...
The constant beat: cardiomyocytes adapt their forces by equal
... mammalian cells. The consequences extend from simple, small adaptations of rather isolated cellular structures all the way to initiation of very complex differentiation pathways. One of the most potent mechanical signals is the elasticity of the environment. Various cell types respond with simple re ...
... mammalian cells. The consequences extend from simple, small adaptations of rather isolated cellular structures all the way to initiation of very complex differentiation pathways. One of the most potent mechanical signals is the elasticity of the environment. Various cell types respond with simple re ...
Movements and stepwise fusion of endodermal precursor cells in
... large, yolky endodermal precursor cells, macromeres A′′′, B′′′ and C′′′ (Nardelli-Haefliger and Shankland 1993; Smith et al. 1996). We report here that the macromeres undergo stepwise cell fusions and marked positional changes prior to and during epiboly. Prior to epiboly in Helobdella, stereotyped ...
... large, yolky endodermal precursor cells, macromeres A′′′, B′′′ and C′′′ (Nardelli-Haefliger and Shankland 1993; Smith et al. 1996). We report here that the macromeres undergo stepwise cell fusions and marked positional changes prior to and during epiboly. Prior to epiboly in Helobdella, stereotyped ...
Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells in the Spotlight: The Satellite Cell
... tissue using collagenase–dispase, which is an enzyme mixture that preserves cell surface antigens (whereas Pronase or trypsin digestion methods may not necessarily preserve such cell surface antigens). Studies from various laboratories (performed mainly with mouse tissue) have established that satel ...
... tissue using collagenase–dispase, which is an enzyme mixture that preserves cell surface antigens (whereas Pronase or trypsin digestion methods may not necessarily preserve such cell surface antigens). Studies from various laboratories (performed mainly with mouse tissue) have established that satel ...
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... A central challenge of developmental and evolutionary biology is to understand how anatomy is encoded in the genome. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms that control the development of specific anatomical features will require the analysis of model morphogenetic processes and an integration of biolog ...
... A central challenge of developmental and evolutionary biology is to understand how anatomy is encoded in the genome. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms that control the development of specific anatomical features will require the analysis of model morphogenetic processes and an integration of biolog ...
Idh paper revised II - G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... coinciding with the beginning of E93 transcription. This group was assigned to E93 when it was found that one of its alleles ("E931") is associated with a nonsense mutation at codon 995 of the E93 A isoform, near the 3' end of the E93 coding sequence. The other two alleles in this complementation gr ...
... coinciding with the beginning of E93 transcription. This group was assigned to E93 when it was found that one of its alleles ("E931") is associated with a nonsense mutation at codon 995 of the E93 A isoform, near the 3' end of the E93 coding sequence. The other two alleles in this complementation gr ...
CELL
... • Cell is the smallest and basic unit of an organism that is classified as living. • Cell is an independent entity- capable of creating copies of itself by growing and dividing into two identical daughter cells. • It provide structure for the body- take in nutrients from food - convert into energy - ...
... • Cell is the smallest and basic unit of an organism that is classified as living. • Cell is an independent entity- capable of creating copies of itself by growing and dividing into two identical daughter cells. • It provide structure for the body- take in nutrients from food - convert into energy - ...
1 Cell polarity and asymmetric cell division: the C. elegans early
... Cell polarization is also one of the prerequisites for asymmetric (unequal) cell division, a crucial biological process required to generate diversity during development. A cell divides asymmetrically when it gives rise to daughter cells with distinct developmental potentials. Examples of asymmetric ...
... Cell polarization is also one of the prerequisites for asymmetric (unequal) cell division, a crucial biological process required to generate diversity during development. A cell divides asymmetrically when it gives rise to daughter cells with distinct developmental potentials. Examples of asymmetric ...
- Wiley Online Library
... eliminate the two possible translation initiation sites and translation of the protein from any downstream AUG is improbable, because it would eliminate at least 30 highly conserved amino acids, which are crucial for the enzymatic activity of FH (28). In rat liver, the suggested mechanism for FH dis ...
... eliminate the two possible translation initiation sites and translation of the protein from any downstream AUG is improbable, because it would eliminate at least 30 highly conserved amino acids, which are crucial for the enzymatic activity of FH (28). In rat liver, the suggested mechanism for FH dis ...
Uptake and presentation of hepatitis C virus–like
... cells (DCs) play a key role in the induction and maintenance of antiviral T-cell immune responses. As antigen-presenting cells, DCs capture antigens, process them into peptides, and present them on molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to T cells.7,8 A pathway by which DCs internal ...
... cells (DCs) play a key role in the induction and maintenance of antiviral T-cell immune responses. As antigen-presenting cells, DCs capture antigens, process them into peptides, and present them on molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to T cells.7,8 A pathway by which DCs internal ...
Proteolysis and orientation in Dictyostelium slugs
... or more, and then tested by being placed close to a migrating slug, the charcoal will have no effect on the orientation of the slug at all (Fig. 1b). In other words, if the charcoal is saturated with NH, it is no longer capable of attracting the slug; it can no longer remove the NH, in the atmospher ...
... or more, and then tested by being placed close to a migrating slug, the charcoal will have no effect on the orientation of the slug at all (Fig. 1b). In other words, if the charcoal is saturated with NH, it is no longer capable of attracting the slug; it can no longer remove the NH, in the atmospher ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.