Influence of Antibiotic and E5 Monoclonal Immunoglobulin
... liposomes DODAB vesicles over a range of DODAB concentrations (or interaction times) and bacteria were mixed to yield a final bacteria concentration of 2.5 x 107 bacteria/mL, allowed to interact for 1 h at room temperature, and placed in a flat cell to determine bacteria electrophoretic mobility (EM ...
... liposomes DODAB vesicles over a range of DODAB concentrations (or interaction times) and bacteria were mixed to yield a final bacteria concentration of 2.5 x 107 bacteria/mL, allowed to interact for 1 h at room temperature, and placed in a flat cell to determine bacteria electrophoretic mobility (EM ...
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits leaf blade growth in Lolium
... choice for unravelling cellular processes underlying growth responses. This is because of the presence of a developmental gradient along the leaf axis that spatially separates cell proliferation from cell expansion and maturation, allowing thus their simultaneous evaluation. Moreover, cell expansion ...
... choice for unravelling cellular processes underlying growth responses. This is because of the presence of a developmental gradient along the leaf axis that spatially separates cell proliferation from cell expansion and maturation, allowing thus their simultaneous evaluation. Moreover, cell expansion ...
Differential Expression Control and Polarized Distribution of Plasma
... Arabidopsis organs Based on a phylogenic analysis of the SNAREs found in green plants, Sanderfoot (2007) categorized the PM-resident SYP1 clade into two large groups, SYP12 and SYP13. The SYP12 group is further divided into four distinct subgroups. Up to five subgroups of Qa-SNAREs may exist on the P ...
... Arabidopsis organs Based on a phylogenic analysis of the SNAREs found in green plants, Sanderfoot (2007) categorized the PM-resident SYP1 clade into two large groups, SYP12 and SYP13. The SYP12 group is further divided into four distinct subgroups. Up to five subgroups of Qa-SNAREs may exist on the P ...
Dictyostelium lysosomal proteins with different sugar modifications
... bacteria-loaded phagosomes less than 3 minutes after ingestion, while those with Man-6-P do not participate in bacterial digestion until about 15 minutes after phagocytosis. Even though both types of vesicles fuse with phagosomes, GlcNAc-1-P- and Man-6-P-bearing proteins rarely colocalize. Since bot ...
... bacteria-loaded phagosomes less than 3 minutes after ingestion, while those with Man-6-P do not participate in bacterial digestion until about 15 minutes after phagocytosis. Even though both types of vesicles fuse with phagosomes, GlcNAc-1-P- and Man-6-P-bearing proteins rarely colocalize. Since bot ...
COMPOUND-INDUCED HOST CELL RESPONSES AND EFFECTS ON WHOLE VIRUS CHAPTER 4
... determining ADMET properties in vitro. Brain microvessel endothelial cells have been used in BBB penetration studies (Glynn and Yazdanian, 1998) and Caco-2 cells for cellular permeability (Egan and Lauri, 2002). Because cytotoxicity is one of the most critical and unpredictable of the drug-like prop ...
... determining ADMET properties in vitro. Brain microvessel endothelial cells have been used in BBB penetration studies (Glynn and Yazdanian, 1998) and Caco-2 cells for cellular permeability (Egan and Lauri, 2002). Because cytotoxicity is one of the most critical and unpredictable of the drug-like prop ...
A role for the Drosophila Bag-of-marbles protein in
... Stem cell divisions are inherently asymmetric since they produce mitotic daughters from which specialized cell types will differentiate (Horvitz and Herskowitz, 1992; Hall and Watt, 1989). Mutations in genes required for asymmetric segregation of differentiation factors or in genes that are targets ...
... Stem cell divisions are inherently asymmetric since they produce mitotic daughters from which specialized cell types will differentiate (Horvitz and Herskowitz, 1992; Hall and Watt, 1989). Mutations in genes required for asymmetric segregation of differentiation factors or in genes that are targets ...
Phospholipase D Activation Correlates with Microtubule
... PLDs are enzymes that can hydrolyze structural phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and free choline. Some PLDs are involved in basic phospholipid metabolism, whereas others were discovered to play a role in cell signaling by producing the second messenger PA ( ...
... PLDs are enzymes that can hydrolyze structural phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and free choline. Some PLDs are involved in basic phospholipid metabolism, whereas others were discovered to play a role in cell signaling by producing the second messenger PA ( ...
Zinc as a translation regulator in neurons: implications for P
... Bush et al., 1994a; Lovell et al., 1998). In addition, zinc acts as a neurotransmitter, in the sense that it is released to the synapse in response to extracellular cues, and can affect the postsynaptic cell. Using neuronal cell lines, it was demonstrated that zinc binds Trk receptors and can phosph ...
... Bush et al., 1994a; Lovell et al., 1998). In addition, zinc acts as a neurotransmitter, in the sense that it is released to the synapse in response to extracellular cues, and can affect the postsynaptic cell. Using neuronal cell lines, it was demonstrated that zinc binds Trk receptors and can phosph ...
The Extracellular Matrix
... • Isolated due to its ability to cluster pre-existing acetylcholine receptors in skeletal muscle fibers • BM form binds to laminin ...
... • Isolated due to its ability to cluster pre-existing acetylcholine receptors in skeletal muscle fibers • BM form binds to laminin ...
Is the Cytoskeleton Necessary for Viral Replication?
... microtubule has β-tubulin exposed while the (-) end has α-tubulin exposed. The (-) end is almost always capped, so growth normally occurs from the (+) end. The microtubule (+) end usually points towards the plasma membrane where it can interact with the actin cortex (Radtke et al., 2006). The microt ...
... microtubule has β-tubulin exposed while the (-) end has α-tubulin exposed. The (-) end is almost always capped, so growth normally occurs from the (+) end. The microtubule (+) end usually points towards the plasma membrane where it can interact with the actin cortex (Radtke et al., 2006). The microt ...
Biology II pacing Guide 5-10-2012-i1
... translation) to protein structure and function. (DOK 2) • Translation of a messenger RNA strand into a protein • Processing by organelles so that the protein is appropriately packaged, labeled, and eventually exported by the cell • Messenger RNA codon charts to determine the effects of different typ ...
... translation) to protein structure and function. (DOK 2) • Translation of a messenger RNA strand into a protein • Processing by organelles so that the protein is appropriately packaged, labeled, and eventually exported by the cell • Messenger RNA codon charts to determine the effects of different typ ...
Dual function for cloche in hematopoiesis - Development
... chicken aorta that express an endothelial-specific marker could subsequently differentiate into cells expressing a blood-specific surface antigen. In vitro studies have also shown that certain cells can give rise to both endothelium and blood (Choi et al., 1998; Nishikawa et al., 1998). Taken togeth ...
... chicken aorta that express an endothelial-specific marker could subsequently differentiate into cells expressing a blood-specific surface antigen. In vitro studies have also shown that certain cells can give rise to both endothelium and blood (Choi et al., 1998; Nishikawa et al., 1998). Taken togeth ...
Author`s personal copy
... different lineages, and this is important for their fates and functions. The maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) in metazoan embryos involves a profound remodeling of the cell cycle: S phase length increases then G2 is introduced. Although β-catenin is the master regulator of endomesoderm patternin ...
... different lineages, and this is important for their fates and functions. The maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) in metazoan embryos involves a profound remodeling of the cell cycle: S phase length increases then G2 is introduced. Although β-catenin is the master regulator of endomesoderm patternin ...
Zbtb46 expression distinguishes classical dendritic cells and their
... of Pathology and Immunology and 2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, ...
... of Pathology and Immunology and 2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, ...
The control of sexual identity in the Drosophila
... and acts through dsx (Fig. 1). However, others have argued for an additional, dsx-independent mechanism for somatic control over the germline as some feminizing affects of tra are still observed in the absence of dsx (Horabin et al., 1995; Waterbury et al., 2000). Although little is known about how ...
... and acts through dsx (Fig. 1). However, others have argued for an additional, dsx-independent mechanism for somatic control over the germline as some feminizing affects of tra are still observed in the absence of dsx (Horabin et al., 1995; Waterbury et al., 2000). Although little is known about how ...
Chapter 1 Histology and its methods of study
... very useful in isolating the effects of single molecules on specific types of cells. It also allows the direct observation of the behavior of living cells under the phase contrast microscope. Many experiments that cannot be performed in the living animal can be accomplished in vitro. The cells and t ...
... very useful in isolating the effects of single molecules on specific types of cells. It also allows the direct observation of the behavior of living cells under the phase contrast microscope. Many experiments that cannot be performed in the living animal can be accomplished in vitro. The cells and t ...
Neural crest cells and patterning of the mammalian dentition
... The mammalian dentition is composed of serial groups of teeth, each with a distinctive crown and root morphology, highly adapted to its particular masticatory function. In the embryo, generation of individual teeth within the jaws relies upon interactions between ectoderm of the first branchial arch ...
... The mammalian dentition is composed of serial groups of teeth, each with a distinctive crown and root morphology, highly adapted to its particular masticatory function. In the embryo, generation of individual teeth within the jaws relies upon interactions between ectoderm of the first branchial arch ...
Can licorice lick colon cancer?
... demonstrate that gene silencing or pharmacological inhibition of 11βHSD2 with the licorice root extract glycyrrhetinic acid (GE) reduced tumor COX-2 activity, tumor growth, and metastasis via inhibition of the COX-2–mediated signaling pathway (Figure 1C). Encouragingly, the authors did not observe a ...
... demonstrate that gene silencing or pharmacological inhibition of 11βHSD2 with the licorice root extract glycyrrhetinic acid (GE) reduced tumor COX-2 activity, tumor growth, and metastasis via inhibition of the COX-2–mediated signaling pathway (Figure 1C). Encouragingly, the authors did not observe a ...
Cells are Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
... All Cells are Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic • Eukaryotic cells tend to be much larger than prokaryotic cells. They have more of the specialized internal structures called organelles than do prokaryotic cells. ...
... All Cells are Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic • Eukaryotic cells tend to be much larger than prokaryotic cells. They have more of the specialized internal structures called organelles than do prokaryotic cells. ...
A Genome-Wide Screen for Bacterial Envelope Biogenesis Mutants
... beta-barrel protein assembly, (iv) the Lpt system for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transport to and assembly in the outer membrane, and (v) the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and associated factors that construct the PG layer [7]. What remains unclear is how these different processes are controlled ...
... beta-barrel protein assembly, (iv) the Lpt system for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transport to and assembly in the outer membrane, and (v) the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and associated factors that construct the PG layer [7]. What remains unclear is how these different processes are controlled ...
Mechanism of Phagocytosis in Phagocytosis is Mediated by
... The major experimental difficulty in measuring initial rates of phagocytosis is to find a rapid procedure to separate quantitatively cells containing ingested material from the bulk of uningested material . Separation by differential centrifugation, the procedure usually applied, is tedious and inco ...
... The major experimental difficulty in measuring initial rates of phagocytosis is to find a rapid procedure to separate quantitatively cells containing ingested material from the bulk of uningested material . Separation by differential centrifugation, the procedure usually applied, is tedious and inco ...
Activation of the Cell Wall Degrading Protease, Lysin, during Sexual
... they contained a 62,000-Mr antigen that was not present in suspensions of mating gametes that had undergone sexual signalling. Furthermore, nonmating gametes whose walls were removed with exogenously added lysin did not contain either form of the antigen. We also found that the 62,000-M, form of the ...
... they contained a 62,000-Mr antigen that was not present in suspensions of mating gametes that had undergone sexual signalling. Furthermore, nonmating gametes whose walls were removed with exogenously added lysin did not contain either form of the antigen. We also found that the 62,000-M, form of the ...
Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells CCL19 Gene Expression in
... CCL19 chemokine has a central role in dendritic cell (DC) biology regulating DC traffic and recruitment of naive T cells to the vicinity of activated DCs. In this study, we have analyzed the regulation of CCL19 gene expression in human monocyte-derived DCs. DCs infected with Salmonella enterica or S ...
... CCL19 chemokine has a central role in dendritic cell (DC) biology regulating DC traffic and recruitment of naive T cells to the vicinity of activated DCs. In this study, we have analyzed the regulation of CCL19 gene expression in human monocyte-derived DCs. DCs infected with Salmonella enterica or S ...
Membrane Transport
... The Cell Membrane Osmotic Effects of Solutions on Cells • Isotonic—Cells maintain normal size and ...
... The Cell Membrane Osmotic Effects of Solutions on Cells • Isotonic—Cells maintain normal size and ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.