Redistribution of Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptors Induced by
... enzymes and Man-6-P receptors results in the selective targeting of lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes (6, 16). Although some cell types lack Man-6-P receptors (17), there is no doubt that Man-6-P receptors are widely distributed and functional in most cell types tested to date (16-18). We have previous ...
... enzymes and Man-6-P receptors results in the selective targeting of lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes (6, 16). Although some cell types lack Man-6-P receptors (17), there is no doubt that Man-6-P receptors are widely distributed and functional in most cell types tested to date (16-18). We have previous ...
3. The Sea Urchin
... which is contained in the egg jelly, appears to be a species specific chemo-attractant for sperm (Ward et al., 1985). Second, activation of sperm by egg jelly is also species-specific in some species so that contact between them results in a rapid acrOsome reaction . The acrosomal process which con ...
... which is contained in the egg jelly, appears to be a species specific chemo-attractant for sperm (Ward et al., 1985). Second, activation of sperm by egg jelly is also species-specific in some species so that contact between them results in a rapid acrOsome reaction . The acrosomal process which con ...
Cytokinesis in Tobacco BY-2 and Root Tip Cells: A
... EM Grid. The grid was sandwiched between two copper replica supports and immediately inserted into the propane jet freezer. Jets of liquid propane cooled to at least -170°C were applied to both sides of the replica supports, which were then dropped into liquid nitrogen. Propane jet replica holders o ...
... EM Grid. The grid was sandwiched between two copper replica supports and immediately inserted into the propane jet freezer. Jets of liquid propane cooled to at least -170°C were applied to both sides of the replica supports, which were then dropped into liquid nitrogen. Propane jet replica holders o ...
The human RNA-binding protein RBFA promotes the maturation of
... Assembly and maturation of a fully functional ribosome is a demanding but fundamental feature of cellular metabolism. Budding yeast, for example, can produce 2000 ribosomes per minute (1), reflecting the demands of protein synthesis. Across almost all characterized species, the ribosome is composed ...
... Assembly and maturation of a fully functional ribosome is a demanding but fundamental feature of cellular metabolism. Budding yeast, for example, can produce 2000 ribosomes per minute (1), reflecting the demands of protein synthesis. Across almost all characterized species, the ribosome is composed ...
The chimeric leucine-rich repeat/extensin cell wall protein
... In plants, the cell wall is a major determinant of cell morphogenesis. Cell enlargement depends on the tightly regulated expansion of the wall, which surrounds each cell. However, the qualitative and quantitative mechanisms controlling cell wall enlargement are still poorly understood. Here, we repo ...
... In plants, the cell wall is a major determinant of cell morphogenesis. Cell enlargement depends on the tightly regulated expansion of the wall, which surrounds each cell. However, the qualitative and quantitative mechanisms controlling cell wall enlargement are still poorly understood. Here, we repo ...
SOMBRERO, BEARSKIN1, and BEARSKIN2 Regulate Root Cap
... mature position in smb-3 fail to detach from the root at the appropriate time, and this is the origin of the supernumerary layer. There does not seem to be an absolute block in reaching maturity because the oldest cells in the outer LRC layer of smb-3 have normal LRC morphology. We further examined ...
... mature position in smb-3 fail to detach from the root at the appropriate time, and this is the origin of the supernumerary layer. There does not seem to be an absolute block in reaching maturity because the oldest cells in the outer LRC layer of smb-3 have normal LRC morphology. We further examined ...
9 NCD Ch 6 | The cortical plate
... separate tiers within the upper and lower borders of the primordial plexiform layer (layer I and the subplate). Ellipses represent neurons in the primordial plexiform layer, large ones are presumptive Cajal-Retzius neurons, smaller and flattened ones are presumptive subplate neurons. Various-sized t ...
... separate tiers within the upper and lower borders of the primordial plexiform layer (layer I and the subplate). Ellipses represent neurons in the primordial plexiform layer, large ones are presumptive Cajal-Retzius neurons, smaller and flattened ones are presumptive subplate neurons. Various-sized t ...
Transplantation of porcine umbilical cord Matrix cells
... derived from other primordial lineages, such as those derived from adult bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells, adipose tissue, and hematopoietic tissue. BMS cells, for example, are pluripotent cells that can differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, tendon, neurons, and many other tissues (Pitteng ...
... derived from other primordial lineages, such as those derived from adult bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells, adipose tissue, and hematopoietic tissue. BMS cells, for example, are pluripotent cells that can differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, tendon, neurons, and many other tissues (Pitteng ...
... Q33: Where do we find intercalary meristem? Answer: Intercalary meristem are present at the base of leaves or internodes. Q34: Which tissues are responsible for the secondary growth of plants? Answer: Vascular Cambium and Cork Cambium (also called secondary meristems) are responsible for the seconda ...
Light behind the curtain: photoregulation of nuclear architecture and
... recruited to nucleosomes to regulate gene expression and genome structure in response to endogenous, environmental stimuli and developmental stages (Deal et al., 2007; Bernatavichute et al., 2008; Yan et al., 2010; Coleman-Derr & Zilberman, 2012). In eukaryotes, the N-terminal histone tails as well ...
... recruited to nucleosomes to regulate gene expression and genome structure in response to endogenous, environmental stimuli and developmental stages (Deal et al., 2007; Bernatavichute et al., 2008; Yan et al., 2010; Coleman-Derr & Zilberman, 2012). In eukaryotes, the N-terminal histone tails as well ...
Boya
... entiate streptococci (chains) from staphylococci (clusters). When they are seen tog however, it is best to remain non-committal, reporting only gram-positive cocci. Bot genera may be present, but it is particularly important not to direct attention away the possible presence of staphylococci by repo ...
... entiate streptococci (chains) from staphylococci (clusters). When they are seen tog however, it is best to remain non-committal, reporting only gram-positive cocci. Bot genera may be present, but it is particularly important not to direct attention away the possible presence of staphylococci by repo ...
A Comparative Study of Corneal Epithelial Cell Surfaces
... therefore, be ineffective, for example, in providing a stable optical surface or protecting the corneal surface. However, relatively viscous secretions on the corneas of dogfish and skate might provide a stable surface which could be maintained as a smooth surface through the action of the eyelids. ...
... therefore, be ineffective, for example, in providing a stable optical surface or protecting the corneal surface. However, relatively viscous secretions on the corneas of dogfish and skate might provide a stable surface which could be maintained as a smooth surface through the action of the eyelids. ...
Simple microwave field imaging technique using hot atomic vapor
... from the chip. Two microwave field components reconstructed from such images are shown in Fig. 2a+b in comparison with a simulation.20 The simulation agrees well with the measurement if we allow for an 8% asymmetry between the two ground wire currents. While these experiments are a proof-of-principl ...
... from the chip. Two microwave field components reconstructed from such images are shown in Fig. 2a+b in comparison with a simulation.20 The simulation agrees well with the measurement if we allow for an 8% asymmetry between the two ground wire currents. While these experiments are a proof-of-principl ...
prenatal development
... releasing a pregnancy hormone, HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) which sends a message back to the corpus luteum left behind on the ovarian wall. HCG signals the corpus luteum to remain alive beyond its usual maximum of 16 days and continuing to release progesterone long enough to sustain the nou ...
... releasing a pregnancy hormone, HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) which sends a message back to the corpus luteum left behind on the ovarian wall. HCG signals the corpus luteum to remain alive beyond its usual maximum of 16 days and continuing to release progesterone long enough to sustain the nou ...
A Caveolin Dominant Negative Mutant Associates with Lipid Bodies
... 1990). Cells also take up cholesterol by receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL, which is transported through the endocytic compartment to late endosomes. From late endosomes cholesterol is transferred to the PM or to the ER (Spillane et al., 1995; Underwood et al., 1998). Moreover, cholesterol can be ...
... 1990). Cells also take up cholesterol by receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL, which is transported through the endocytic compartment to late endosomes. From late endosomes cholesterol is transferred to the PM or to the ER (Spillane et al., 1995; Underwood et al., 1998). Moreover, cholesterol can be ...
Identification of the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
... lipid kinases catalyze the production of the second messengers phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns-3, 4P2) and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns3,4,5P3; reviewed by Katso et al., 2001; Rameh and Cantley, 1999). Downstream targets containing specialized domains, such as pleck ...
... lipid kinases catalyze the production of the second messengers phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns-3, 4P2) and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns3,4,5P3; reviewed by Katso et al., 2001; Rameh and Cantley, 1999). Downstream targets containing specialized domains, such as pleck ...
Transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis root hairs and
... could arise from applying an analogue to comparative anatomy at the cellular level, such as searching for conserved transcriptional signatures that could be used for further genetic or physiological dissection [8,9]. Such an approach can be conceptually rooted into evolutionary developmental biology ...
... could arise from applying an analogue to comparative anatomy at the cellular level, such as searching for conserved transcriptional signatures that could be used for further genetic or physiological dissection [8,9]. Such an approach can be conceptually rooted into evolutionary developmental biology ...
separation of cell types from embryonic chicken and rat spinal cord
... maintained readily in cell culture, this system provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of target cells on neuronal development. Giller et al. (1973, 1977) reported a distinct positive trophic effect of muscle cells on the development of cholinergic enzyme activity in mouse embryonic sp ...
... maintained readily in cell culture, this system provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of target cells on neuronal development. Giller et al. (1973, 1977) reported a distinct positive trophic effect of muscle cells on the development of cholinergic enzyme activity in mouse embryonic sp ...
Stimulated release of fluorescently labeled IgE fragments that
... Fluorescently labeled cells (1×107/ml) were imaged with a BioRad MRC 600 confocal apparatus (BioRad, Cambridge, MA) in conjunction with a Zeiss Axiovert 10 microscope. The 568 nm line of a krypton-argon ion laser was selected for excitation of Cy3, and 585 nm dichroic and 585 nm long pass filters we ...
... Fluorescently labeled cells (1×107/ml) were imaged with a BioRad MRC 600 confocal apparatus (BioRad, Cambridge, MA) in conjunction with a Zeiss Axiovert 10 microscope. The 568 nm line of a krypton-argon ion laser was selected for excitation of Cy3, and 585 nm dichroic and 585 nm long pass filters we ...
Tung Tree DGAT1 and DGAT2 Have Nonredundant Functions in
... main branches, made up entirely of either type 1 or type 2 DGAT sequences. Although the two human protein sequences (Hs DGAT1 and Hs DGAT2 [Oelkers et al., 1998]) do not cluster tightly with the plant sequences, it is clear that the Hs DGAT1 sequence is more similar to plant type 1 DGATs than to typ ...
... main branches, made up entirely of either type 1 or type 2 DGAT sequences. Although the two human protein sequences (Hs DGAT1 and Hs DGAT2 [Oelkers et al., 1998]) do not cluster tightly with the plant sequences, it is clear that the Hs DGAT1 sequence is more similar to plant type 1 DGATs than to typ ...
ACELL Mar. 45/3 - AJP-Cell
... of water-selective channels, aquaporins (AQP), has been demonstrated in various organs and tissues. However, the localization and expression of the AQP family members in the gastrointestinal tract have not been entirely elucidated. This study aimed to demonstrate the expression and distribution of s ...
... of water-selective channels, aquaporins (AQP), has been demonstrated in various organs and tissues. However, the localization and expression of the AQP family members in the gastrointestinal tract have not been entirely elucidated. This study aimed to demonstrate the expression and distribution of s ...
Intranasal Immunization With an Apolipoprotein B
... untreated controls. Immunization with p210-CTB for 12 weeks caused a 35% reduction in aortic lesion size in Apoe⫺/⫺ mice. This effect was accompanied by induction of regulatory T cells that markedly suppressed effector T cells rechallenged with apoB-100 and increased numbers of interleukin (IL)-10⫹ ...
... untreated controls. Immunization with p210-CTB for 12 weeks caused a 35% reduction in aortic lesion size in Apoe⫺/⫺ mice. This effect was accompanied by induction of regulatory T cells that markedly suppressed effector T cells rechallenged with apoB-100 and increased numbers of interleukin (IL)-10⫹ ...
Homeostatic proliferation generates long- lived natural killer
... functional pool of immune cells ready to respond against foreign invaders. Homeostatic, or space-driven, proliferation of lymphocytes is an important mechanism that the immune system has evolved to maintain a sufficient number of mature hematopoietic cells to mount an effective response against path ...
... functional pool of immune cells ready to respond against foreign invaders. Homeostatic, or space-driven, proliferation of lymphocytes is an important mechanism that the immune system has evolved to maintain a sufficient number of mature hematopoietic cells to mount an effective response against path ...
Influence of Antibiotic and E5 Monoclonal Immunoglobulin
... liposomes DODAB vesicles over a range of DODAB concentrations (or interaction times) and bacteria were mixed to yield a final bacteria concentration of 2.5 x 107 bacteria/mL, allowed to interact for 1 h at room temperature, and placed in a flat cell to determine bacteria electrophoretic mobility (EM ...
... liposomes DODAB vesicles over a range of DODAB concentrations (or interaction times) and bacteria were mixed to yield a final bacteria concentration of 2.5 x 107 bacteria/mL, allowed to interact for 1 h at room temperature, and placed in a flat cell to determine bacteria electrophoretic mobility (EM ...
Nodal mutant eXtraembryonic ENdoderm (XEN
... homogeneous in morphology than wild type XEN cells, and based on these morphological differences, cell lines of each of the three genotypes were readily distinguishable from the others (Fig. 3A and data not shown). Other studies have recently demonstrated that XEN cells become lineage restricted aft ...
... homogeneous in morphology than wild type XEN cells, and based on these morphological differences, cell lines of each of the three genotypes were readily distinguishable from the others (Fig. 3A and data not shown). Other studies have recently demonstrated that XEN cells become lineage restricted aft ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.