Coca Cola
... - The actin and myosin filaments remain the same length - The sarcomere length shortens because the actin and myosin filaments slide relative each other animation 16.8- myosin (compare with picture 43) ...
... - The actin and myosin filaments remain the same length - The sarcomere length shortens because the actin and myosin filaments slide relative each other animation 16.8- myosin (compare with picture 43) ...
Modulating progenitor accumulation attenuates lung angiogenesis in a mouse model of asthma
... E-mail: sehmir@mcmaster.ca Received: Aug 18 2010 Accepted after revision: Oct 11 2010 First published online: Nov 11 2010 ...
... E-mail: sehmir@mcmaster.ca Received: Aug 18 2010 Accepted after revision: Oct 11 2010 First published online: Nov 11 2010 ...
PDF - IRCMS
... cell types in the animal body. One of the earliest steps in generating this diversity is the patterning of mesoderm precursors along the dorsoventral (D/V) body axis, the molecular mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, mesoderm cells emerge from the ect ...
... cell types in the animal body. One of the earliest steps in generating this diversity is the patterning of mesoderm precursors along the dorsoventral (D/V) body axis, the molecular mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, mesoderm cells emerge from the ect ...
Plastid Ontogeny during Petal Development in Arabidopsis
... 1997). Plastid differentiation during petal development has been studied with only a few species, primarily those with yellow petals: Tropaeolum majus (Falk, 1976; Winkenbach et al., 1976), Ranunculus sp. (Brett and Sommerard, 1986), and Caltha palustris (Whatley, 1984). Studies of the yellow coroll ...
... 1997). Plastid differentiation during petal development has been studied with only a few species, primarily those with yellow petals: Tropaeolum majus (Falk, 1976; Winkenbach et al., 1976), Ranunculus sp. (Brett and Sommerard, 1986), and Caltha palustris (Whatley, 1984). Studies of the yellow coroll ...
pdf, 456 Ko
... patches were observed in r3, although their size appeared larger than in Hoxa1−/− embryos (Fig. 1). To analyse the r3 phenotype in further detail, we made use of two lacZ reporters to follow Krox-20 expression more easily. The Krox-20 mutation used in these experiments involves an in-frame insertion ...
... patches were observed in r3, although their size appeared larger than in Hoxa1−/− embryos (Fig. 1). To analyse the r3 phenotype in further detail, we made use of two lacZ reporters to follow Krox-20 expression more easily. The Krox-20 mutation used in these experiments involves an in-frame insertion ...
A family of abundant plasma membrane
... Bound antibody was visualized with a 2,000× dilution of the rabbit horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rat lg antiserum described for immunoblotting, but for ELISA tetramethylbenzidine was used in the developing solution. In certain instances the immobilized membranes were treated before addition ...
... Bound antibody was visualized with a 2,000× dilution of the rabbit horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rat lg antiserum described for immunoblotting, but for ELISA tetramethylbenzidine was used in the developing solution. In certain instances the immobilized membranes were treated before addition ...
Development - Columbia University Medical Center
... together with WNT signals to induce definitive dorsal/ precortical character in early dorsal cells (Gunhaga et al., 2003). Collectively, these studies have provided information on the time at which telencephalic cells acquire ventral and dorsal character, and the molecular nature of some of the sign ...
... together with WNT signals to induce definitive dorsal/ precortical character in early dorsal cells (Gunhaga et al., 2003). Collectively, these studies have provided information on the time at which telencephalic cells acquire ventral and dorsal character, and the molecular nature of some of the sign ...
Direct Engagement of Inhibitory Fc Receptor Microbial Immune
... genes). Fc␥RI, Fc␥RIIA, and Fc␥RIII are activating receptors associated with ITAM (15), whereas Fc␥RIIB is an inhibitory receptor that has an ITIM in its cytoplasmic tail (16). Many immunosuppressive signals described for Fc␥RIIB such as inhibition of phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles (17), calci ...
... genes). Fc␥RI, Fc␥RIIA, and Fc␥RIII are activating receptors associated with ITAM (15), whereas Fc␥RIIB is an inhibitory receptor that has an ITIM in its cytoplasmic tail (16). Many immunosuppressive signals described for Fc␥RIIB such as inhibition of phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles (17), calci ...
Keratin Alterations during Embryonic Epidermal Differentiation: A
... 12-, 14-, and 29-d embryonic skin . In the case of 12- and 14-d embryos, keratinocyte colonies were initiated from 1-mmz explants which were allowed to attach to the surface of the tissue culture dish . In the case of 29-d embryos, keratinocyte colonies developed from trypsinized cell suspensions of ...
... 12-, 14-, and 29-d embryonic skin . In the case of 12- and 14-d embryos, keratinocyte colonies were initiated from 1-mmz explants which were allowed to attach to the surface of the tissue culture dish . In the case of 29-d embryos, keratinocyte colonies developed from trypsinized cell suspensions of ...
Review Article Macrophage Plasticity and the - e
... lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin [43, 44]. However, polarization of M2 macrophages is more complex than M1 polarization, with three possible subtypes currently de�ned, each one with diverse physiological roles. Alternatively activated or M2a macrophages are commonly associated with advanced sta ...
... lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin [43, 44]. However, polarization of M2 macrophages is more complex than M1 polarization, with three possible subtypes currently de�ned, each one with diverse physiological roles. Alternatively activated or M2a macrophages are commonly associated with advanced sta ...
Living together in biofilms: the microbial cell factory and its
... lactic acid, and succinic acid) or during wastewater treatment or bioremediation. Thus far, the biofilms used to obtain industrial products are typically those of single species, which allows the controlled growth conditions needed to maximize the production of the desired compound [59–61]. In biofi ...
... lactic acid, and succinic acid) or during wastewater treatment or bioremediation. Thus far, the biofilms used to obtain industrial products are typically those of single species, which allows the controlled growth conditions needed to maximize the production of the desired compound [59–61]. In biofi ...
D. Malpighian tubules play similar function as tubular parts of the
... recently, Delanoue et al. identified that insulin release is triggered by stunted (Sun), a ligand of Methuselah (Mth) receptor, in insulin producing cells of Drosophila brain. Therefore, Mth and Sun delineate a new cross-organ circuitry that modulates physiological insulin level in response to nutri ...
... recently, Delanoue et al. identified that insulin release is triggered by stunted (Sun), a ligand of Methuselah (Mth) receptor, in insulin producing cells of Drosophila brain. Therefore, Mth and Sun delineate a new cross-organ circuitry that modulates physiological insulin level in response to nutri ...
siRNA-27 - OriGene
... when examined 4-24 hours after transfection. Demonstrate that RNAi is working using positive control (HPRT1 Positive Control duplex); favored approach is quantitative real-time RT-PCR. HPRT should show >90% knockdown 24 hours post-transfection at 10 nM dose. Test target specific duplexes and perform ...
... when examined 4-24 hours after transfection. Demonstrate that RNAi is working using positive control (HPRT1 Positive Control duplex); favored approach is quantitative real-time RT-PCR. HPRT should show >90% knockdown 24 hours post-transfection at 10 nM dose. Test target specific duplexes and perform ...
Effects of intestinal adaptation on insulin binding to villus cell
... acid absorption by intestine even though it stimulates amino acid uptake by a range of other cell types.20 The presence of high and low affinity binding sites for insulin corresponds to observations in other tissues.6 It is not yet clear if the two classes of binding ...
... acid absorption by intestine even though it stimulates amino acid uptake by a range of other cell types.20 The presence of high and low affinity binding sites for insulin corresponds to observations in other tissues.6 It is not yet clear if the two classes of binding ...
Distinct cathepsins control necrotic cell death
... Downloaded by [Yeshiva University Libraries - Cardozo - Einstein - YU] at 17:53 15 September 2015 ...
... Downloaded by [Yeshiva University Libraries - Cardozo - Einstein - YU] at 17:53 15 September 2015 ...
A Directed Mutagenesis Screen in Drosophila
... signaling genes (see Ruiz i Altaba 1999). The bestknown example of this is the role the patched (ptc) gene plays in the noninvasive skin tumors of the basal cell carcinoma type (Johnson et al. 1996). The ptc gene normally functions to inhibit Hh signaling. This becomes obvious as the ptc loss-of-fun ...
... signaling genes (see Ruiz i Altaba 1999). The bestknown example of this is the role the patched (ptc) gene plays in the noninvasive skin tumors of the basal cell carcinoma type (Johnson et al. 1996). The ptc gene normally functions to inhibit Hh signaling. This becomes obvious as the ptc loss-of-fun ...
The lin-41 RBCC Gene Acts in the C. elegans Heterochronic
... The lin-14 gene functions in temporal patterning during the L1 stage, long before the subsequent L4 stage upregulation of LIN-29, which controls the expression of adult-specific characters (Ambros and Horvitz, 1984). We screened genetically for novel heterochronic genes that act to couple activity o ...
... The lin-14 gene functions in temporal patterning during the L1 stage, long before the subsequent L4 stage upregulation of LIN-29, which controls the expression of adult-specific characters (Ambros and Horvitz, 1984). We screened genetically for novel heterochronic genes that act to couple activity o ...
Membrane permeability of the human granulocyte to
... granulocytes have been shown to be highly susceptible to damage during the cryopreservation process [3,5,41], and previous attempts at granulocyte cryopreservation have produced variable ...
... granulocytes have been shown to be highly susceptible to damage during the cryopreservation process [3,5,41], and previous attempts at granulocyte cryopreservation have produced variable ...
c-Myc Overexpression Increases Cell Size and Impairs Cartilage
... Overexpression of c-myc Resulted in Limb Buds of Larger Size than Normal. To obtain forced expression of c-myc, we used a retroviral vector (RCASBP-A) containing the c-myc coding region (26). Concentrated viral stocks were injected into the prospective right-wing field of stage 12–14 embryos or dire ...
... Overexpression of c-myc Resulted in Limb Buds of Larger Size than Normal. To obtain forced expression of c-myc, we used a retroviral vector (RCASBP-A) containing the c-myc coding region (26). Concentrated viral stocks were injected into the prospective right-wing field of stage 12–14 embryos or dire ...
The Induction of 72-kD Gelatinase in T Cells upon Adhesion to
... that were precoated with 1% BSA in PBS to prevent nonspecific attachment. After the coculture period, the nonadherent T cells were removed by washing with PBS warmed to 37°C. The adherent T cells were detached by washing with a warm 0.004% trypsin/0.002% EDTA solution in PBS for '~1 rain. Samples of ...
... that were precoated with 1% BSA in PBS to prevent nonspecific attachment. After the coculture period, the nonadherent T cells were removed by washing with PBS warmed to 37°C. The adherent T cells were detached by washing with a warm 0.004% trypsin/0.002% EDTA solution in PBS for '~1 rain. Samples of ...
Signaling
... e) Janus family of non-receptor TK s also bind some receptors receptors i) growth hormone receptors ii) prola ctin receptors iii) some cytokine receptors ...
... e) Janus family of non-receptor TK s also bind some receptors receptors i) growth hormone receptors ii) prola ctin receptors iii) some cytokine receptors ...
Receptor-Mediated Entry by Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Utilizes
... inhibited virus entry in a dose-dependent manner, and they also reveal the relative potency of the various drugs in suppressing EIAV entry into FEK or ED cells. For example, from Fig. 2, it can be estimated that a greater-than-90% inhibition of virus entry into either the FEK or ED cells required at ...
... inhibited virus entry in a dose-dependent manner, and they also reveal the relative potency of the various drugs in suppressing EIAV entry into FEK or ED cells. For example, from Fig. 2, it can be estimated that a greater-than-90% inhibition of virus entry into either the FEK or ED cells required at ...
Bioorthogonal chemical imaging of metabolic activities in live
... The mammalian hippocampus is an active region of brain metabolism involved in learning, memory formation, and has strong implications in many neurological diseases. Organotypic hippocampal slice culture provides a complex tissue model that mimics the structure and activity in vivo with multiple cell ...
... The mammalian hippocampus is an active region of brain metabolism involved in learning, memory formation, and has strong implications in many neurological diseases. Organotypic hippocampal slice culture provides a complex tissue model that mimics the structure and activity in vivo with multiple cell ...
Intracellular and extracellular in vivo recording of
... than roughly - 6 5 mV, this Ca z+ conductance becomes inactivated; the membrane must be hyperpolarized below this level for at least 50-100 ms to de-inactivate the conductance so that the next sufficiently large depolarization will activate it. This low threshold spike typically has a high frequency ...
... than roughly - 6 5 mV, this Ca z+ conductance becomes inactivated; the membrane must be hyperpolarized below this level for at least 50-100 ms to de-inactivate the conductance so that the next sufficiently large depolarization will activate it. This low threshold spike typically has a high frequency ...
Influence of body fluid from pin-killed honey bee pupae on hygienic
... hemolymph, along with many fat body cells and other types of material from tissue which has been damaged. In a recent paper [6] ’hemolymph’ was extracted from live and dead (frozen) pupae to determine the effect on hygienic behavior; however, this was actually what we chose to call body fluid, becau ...
... hemolymph, along with many fat body cells and other types of material from tissue which has been damaged. In a recent paper [6] ’hemolymph’ was extracted from live and dead (frozen) pupae to determine the effect on hygienic behavior; however, this was actually what we chose to call body fluid, becau ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.