Modulation of Retinoblastoma and Retinoblastoma
... Rb is known to play a key mole in the regulation of cell proliferation (4), and it now appears to also be involved in the induction of the fully differentiated state. For example, it has been suggested that Rb protein, in association with myogenic factors such as Myo D, is mequmred to bring about te ...
... Rb is known to play a key mole in the regulation of cell proliferation (4), and it now appears to also be involved in the induction of the fully differentiated state. For example, it has been suggested that Rb protein, in association with myogenic factors such as Myo D, is mequmred to bring about te ...
Size evolution in microorganisms masks trade-offs
... moderately richer in nitrogen than other cellular molecules, a similar but weaker trend should hold for nitrogen. For microorganisms, however, variation in cell size may make it difficult to observe such a trade-off. Small organisms may grow faster than large ones (e.g. picoplankton: [29]), possibly ...
... moderately richer in nitrogen than other cellular molecules, a similar but weaker trend should hold for nitrogen. For microorganisms, however, variation in cell size may make it difficult to observe such a trade-off. Small organisms may grow faster than large ones (e.g. picoplankton: [29]), possibly ...
Mechanism of Induction: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
... Caucasian woman and transduced them with retroviral vector containing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc genes [7]. Since then, newer approaches have been developed to reprogram a somatic cell to an iPSC, which includes exploring the four different factors, cell sources, delivery techniques for transcriptio ...
... Caucasian woman and transduced them with retroviral vector containing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc genes [7]. Since then, newer approaches have been developed to reprogram a somatic cell to an iPSC, which includes exploring the four different factors, cell sources, delivery techniques for transcriptio ...
Mosaic Genetic Screen for Suppressors of the de2f1 Mutant
... Weinberg 2000). The prevailing view is that the tumor suppressor property of pRB is to constrain E2F activity. However, our knowledge of the various tiers of regulation by which pRB has the capacity to block cell proliferation in the context of a multicellular organism is still very limited. Thus, u ...
... Weinberg 2000). The prevailing view is that the tumor suppressor property of pRB is to constrain E2F activity. However, our knowledge of the various tiers of regulation by which pRB has the capacity to block cell proliferation in the context of a multicellular organism is still very limited. Thus, u ...
Functional coupling of microtubules to membranes
... frequent changes of direction. The saltatory (‘stop–start’) motility could relate to the competing activity of opposing motors (i.e. a ‘tug-of-war’ between those motors generating force towards the minus or plus ends, respectively) (Soppina et al., 2009). Alternatively, there are examples where such ...
... frequent changes of direction. The saltatory (‘stop–start’) motility could relate to the competing activity of opposing motors (i.e. a ‘tug-of-war’ between those motors generating force towards the minus or plus ends, respectively) (Soppina et al., 2009). Alternatively, there are examples where such ...
CiC3-1a-Mediated Chemotaxis in the Deuterostome Invertebrate
... its chemotactic activity on C. intestinalis hemocytes. We found that the migration of C. intestinalis hemocytes toward rCiC3-1a was dose dependent, peaking at 500 nM, and was specific for CiC3-1a, being inhibited by an anti-rCiC3-1a-specific Ab. As is true for mammalian C3a, the chemotactic activity ...
... its chemotactic activity on C. intestinalis hemocytes. We found that the migration of C. intestinalis hemocytes toward rCiC3-1a was dose dependent, peaking at 500 nM, and was specific for CiC3-1a, being inhibited by an anti-rCiC3-1a-specific Ab. As is true for mammalian C3a, the chemotactic activity ...
Chromosome Choreography: The Meiotic Ballet
... SC formation (3, 20). of a pairing site (12). These The requirement for sites are able to stabilize DSB formation in synapsis pairing in their vicinity even is not universal. In Droin the presence of mutants sophila females and C. elthat block the formation of the SC (9). A number of re- Fig. 1. Dur ...
... SC formation (3, 20). of a pairing site (12). These The requirement for sites are able to stabilize DSB formation in synapsis pairing in their vicinity even is not universal. In Droin the presence of mutants sophila females and C. elthat block the formation of the SC (9). A number of re- Fig. 1. Dur ...
Janice Evans
... vs. in vitro have differences in polar body size and spindle morphology. • Recent work shows that tension levels differ in the cortical domain over the metaphase II spindle in oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that cellular mechanics could be a contributing factor to asymmetric cell d ...
... vs. in vitro have differences in polar body size and spindle morphology. • Recent work shows that tension levels differ in the cortical domain over the metaphase II spindle in oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that cellular mechanics could be a contributing factor to asymmetric cell d ...
Genetically Encoded Spy Peptide Fusion System to
... and quantitatively labels membrane proteins in living cells without affecting cell viability, and therefore enables further experimentation with the labeled cells (e.g. electrophysiology or imaging of protein dynamics). The method uses the covalent SpyTag-SpyCatcher peptide-protein system first desc ...
... and quantitatively labels membrane proteins in living cells without affecting cell viability, and therefore enables further experimentation with the labeled cells (e.g. electrophysiology or imaging of protein dynamics). The method uses the covalent SpyTag-SpyCatcher peptide-protein system first desc ...
Reinterpretation of evidence advanced forneo
... detection of nDNA synthesis arising from recombination and repair by the same technique. Accordingly, in situ BrdU immunocytochemistry has been used to reveal DNA repair in mammalian cells [35]. And the detection of stretches of single-stranded BrdU-substituted DNA at sites of meiotic recombination ...
... detection of nDNA synthesis arising from recombination and repair by the same technique. Accordingly, in situ BrdU immunocytochemistry has been used to reveal DNA repair in mammalian cells [35]. And the detection of stretches of single-stranded BrdU-substituted DNA at sites of meiotic recombination ...
The differentiation in vitro of the neural crest cells of the
... since explants were discarded at an early stage of culture. All of the observed melanocytes appeared in association with epithelial sheet which seemed likely to be derived from the neural tube. The melanocytes (from neural crest) can be identified by the typically dendritic morphology. The behaviour ...
... since explants were discarded at an early stage of culture. All of the observed melanocytes appeared in association with epithelial sheet which seemed likely to be derived from the neural tube. The melanocytes (from neural crest) can be identified by the typically dendritic morphology. The behaviour ...
AtSpc98p and plant microtubule nucleation
... smallest complex unit capable of MT nucleation, the γ-tubulin small complex (γ-TuSC), was identified in yeast (Knop and Schiebel, 1997) and in Drosophila (Oegema et al., 1999; Gunawardane et al., 2000). The γ-TuSC, which is thought to be a γ-TuRC precursor, contains γ-tubulin, known as a universal n ...
... smallest complex unit capable of MT nucleation, the γ-tubulin small complex (γ-TuSC), was identified in yeast (Knop and Schiebel, 1997) and in Drosophila (Oegema et al., 1999; Gunawardane et al., 2000). The γ-TuSC, which is thought to be a γ-TuRC precursor, contains γ-tubulin, known as a universal n ...
Patterning and morphogenesis of the follicle cell epithelium during
... synthesized in follicle cells and fat bodies. In a stage-10A egg chamber, the oocyte occupies about half of the egg chamber. A sheet of somatic follicle cells is uniformly distributed over the germ line cells from stage 1 to 8 (Fig. 1A). However, starting at stage 9, a series of follicle cell migrat ...
... synthesized in follicle cells and fat bodies. In a stage-10A egg chamber, the oocyte occupies about half of the egg chamber. A sheet of somatic follicle cells is uniformly distributed over the germ line cells from stage 1 to 8 (Fig. 1A). However, starting at stage 9, a series of follicle cell migrat ...
pituitary gland – anterior lobe
... These images are low power views of a pituitary gland that has been de-attached from the hypothalamus. Note the old switcherooo of anterior-posterior orientation from previous diagrams (though I really hope the labels in the image gave it away for you!). The posterior lobe is really an extension of ...
... These images are low power views of a pituitary gland that has been de-attached from the hypothalamus. Note the old switcherooo of anterior-posterior orientation from previous diagrams (though I really hope the labels in the image gave it away for you!). The posterior lobe is really an extension of ...
... Roy M. Long,* Robert H. Singer, Xiuhua Meng, Isabel Gonzalez, Kim Nasmyth, Ralf-Peter Jansen Cell divisions that produce progeny differing in their patterns of gene expression are key to the development of multicellular organisms. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mother cells but not d ...
Subcellular Localization and Activity of Multidrug
... some MDR substrates are naturally fluorescent, we could also monitor the cellular accumulation and subcellular distribution of MDR drugs as a function of drug transporter expression. Finally, when we transiently expressed fluorescent conjugates of MRP1 (Rajagopal et al., 2002), Pgp (Chen and Simon, ...
... some MDR substrates are naturally fluorescent, we could also monitor the cellular accumulation and subcellular distribution of MDR drugs as a function of drug transporter expression. Finally, when we transiently expressed fluorescent conjugates of MRP1 (Rajagopal et al., 2002), Pgp (Chen and Simon, ...
T Cell Proliferation Induced by Autologous Non
... 0.25% Triton, and stained with polyclonal rabbit anti-PARP p89 Ab (antiPARP-85 fragment; Promega, Madison, WI), followed by secondary fluorescein-conjugated anti-rabbit Ig Ab (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA) (30). Cells were washed, and 20 g/ml PI were added to the samples 20 min before ...
... 0.25% Triton, and stained with polyclonal rabbit anti-PARP p89 Ab (antiPARP-85 fragment; Promega, Madison, WI), followed by secondary fluorescein-conjugated anti-rabbit Ig Ab (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA) (30). Cells were washed, and 20 g/ml PI were added to the samples 20 min before ...
Surface CD81 Via Microparticles Release and Intercellular Transfer
... D81, a 26-kDa surface protein, belongs to the superfamily of tetraspanin proteins. Tetraspanins are composed of four transmembrane and two extracellular domains. They are characterized by short intracellular amino and C termini without any predictable signaling function. Nevertheless, tetraspanins h ...
... D81, a 26-kDa surface protein, belongs to the superfamily of tetraspanin proteins. Tetraspanins are composed of four transmembrane and two extracellular domains. They are characterized by short intracellular amino and C termini without any predictable signaling function. Nevertheless, tetraspanins h ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).