Role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer development
... Fibroblasts are non-vascular, non-epithelial and non-inflammatory cells that form the basic cellular component of connective tissue and contribute to its structural integrity (Tarin, 1969). They play important roles in wound healing, regulation of epithelial differentiation and inflammation (Tomasek ...
... Fibroblasts are non-vascular, non-epithelial and non-inflammatory cells that form the basic cellular component of connective tissue and contribute to its structural integrity (Tarin, 1969). They play important roles in wound healing, regulation of epithelial differentiation and inflammation (Tomasek ...
WAVE/Scars in platelets
... likely to regulate cortical actin filament reorganization in response to extracellular stimuli, although not all of these proteins have been linked to actin polymerization.1,2 Each of these proteins has a verprolin-homology (V) domain, cofilin-homology (C) domain, and an acidic (A) region at the C-t ...
... likely to regulate cortical actin filament reorganization in response to extracellular stimuli, although not all of these proteins have been linked to actin polymerization.1,2 Each of these proteins has a verprolin-homology (V) domain, cofilin-homology (C) domain, and an acidic (A) region at the C-t ...
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... (aaRSs), a family of enzymes that catalyze the ATP-dependent esterification of amino acids to the 3′ acceptor end of cognate tRNAs (Ibba and Soll, 2000). Cells generally count with a set of twenty aaRSs, each one specific for its cognate amino acid. According to structural and conservation criteria, ...
... (aaRSs), a family of enzymes that catalyze the ATP-dependent esterification of amino acids to the 3′ acceptor end of cognate tRNAs (Ibba and Soll, 2000). Cells generally count with a set of twenty aaRSs, each one specific for its cognate amino acid. According to structural and conservation criteria, ...
STAINING OF BACTERIAL CELLS Objective • To learn the
... and sugars called peptidoglycan. This wall provides a barrier through which the crystal violetiodine complex cannot pass during decolorization. When this wall is removed enzymatically with lysozyme, Gram positive cells no longer retain the stain complex and become Gram negative. A Gram negative bact ...
... and sugars called peptidoglycan. This wall provides a barrier through which the crystal violetiodine complex cannot pass during decolorization. When this wall is removed enzymatically with lysozyme, Gram positive cells no longer retain the stain complex and become Gram negative. A Gram negative bact ...
Chapter 05 Membranes
... phospholipids in a bilayer. The other components of the membrane are embedded within the bilayer, which provides a flexible matrix and, at the same time, imposes a barrier to permeability. Animal cell membranes also contain cholesterol, a steroid with a polar hydroxyl group (–OH). Plant cells have o ...
... phospholipids in a bilayer. The other components of the membrane are embedded within the bilayer, which provides a flexible matrix and, at the same time, imposes a barrier to permeability. Animal cell membranes also contain cholesterol, a steroid with a polar hydroxyl group (–OH). Plant cells have o ...
FEMS Microbiology Ecology 24
... The cell-surface charge and cell-surface hydrophobicity of 10 strains of Azospirillum spp. were evaluated by the aqueous, two-polymer phase partitioning assay. Azospirillum spp. had moderate cell-surface hydrophobicity and charge, lower than known values for human pathogens. The hydrophobicity and c ...
... The cell-surface charge and cell-surface hydrophobicity of 10 strains of Azospirillum spp. were evaluated by the aqueous, two-polymer phase partitioning assay. Azospirillum spp. had moderate cell-surface hydrophobicity and charge, lower than known values for human pathogens. The hydrophobicity and c ...
The Lymphatic System - leavingcertbiology.net
... Chapter 32: The human lymphatic system Leaving Certificate Biology Higher Level ...
... Chapter 32: The human lymphatic system Leaving Certificate Biology Higher Level ...
COMPOUND-INDUCED HOST CELL RESPONSES AND EFFECTS ON WHOLE VIRUS CHAPTER 4
... discovery because it mimics the in vivo scenario. In addition, it avoids the costs and ethical issues involved in working with animal models especially during the early stages when druglike properties are still being investigated. In this study, the effect of the compounds on host cells and whole vi ...
... discovery because it mimics the in vivo scenario. In addition, it avoids the costs and ethical issues involved in working with animal models especially during the early stages when druglike properties are still being investigated. In this study, the effect of the compounds on host cells and whole vi ...
Thyroid from Stem cells Nature 2012
... iodide trapping and thyroid hormone synthesis. We therefore assessed day-22 cell cultures derived from the sequential Dox–rhTSH protocol for their capacity to organify iodide. The first evidence for active iodide organification was obtained by immunofluorescence detection of iodinated TG (TG-I) with ...
... iodide trapping and thyroid hormone synthesis. We therefore assessed day-22 cell cultures derived from the sequential Dox–rhTSH protocol for their capacity to organify iodide. The first evidence for active iodide organification was obtained by immunofluorescence detection of iodinated TG (TG-I) with ...
Involvement of reactive oxygen species in lanthanum
... whether exposure to La also affects cell differentiation in these zones. Ruthenium red staining and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) staining revealed that La induced extensive mucification of the cell wall and lignification in the elongation zones (Fig. 1F, G), indicating that La induced premature ro ...
... whether exposure to La also affects cell differentiation in these zones. Ruthenium red staining and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) staining revealed that La induced extensive mucification of the cell wall and lignification in the elongation zones (Fig. 1F, G), indicating that La induced premature ro ...
Gene Section PTPRJ (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, J)
... Germline allele-specific epigenetic silencing of the gene PTPRJ, encoding DEP-1, is described in earlyonset familial colorectal cancer, due to a 170-kb intragenic duplication affecting the 5' end of the phosphatase gene PTPRJ the tandem duplication in a head-to-tail orientation (Venkatachalam et al. ...
... Germline allele-specific epigenetic silencing of the gene PTPRJ, encoding DEP-1, is described in earlyonset familial colorectal cancer, due to a 170-kb intragenic duplication affecting the 5' end of the phosphatase gene PTPRJ the tandem duplication in a head-to-tail orientation (Venkatachalam et al. ...
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... Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan pathogen, which threatens thousands of people and kills millions of farm animals in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. In order to shuttle between different hosts, this parasite had to develop a complex life cycle, which includes two very different host environments: the vascu ...
... Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan pathogen, which threatens thousands of people and kills millions of farm animals in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. In order to shuttle between different hosts, this parasite had to develop a complex life cycle, which includes two very different host environments: the vascu ...
Treadmilling by FtsZ filaments drives peptidoglycan
... 3D, 3G, Movie SM7B). Likewise, addition of PC190723, an inhibitor of FtsZ GTP hydrolysis (25) halted FtsZ movement (Fig. 3E, Movie SM8A). Conversely, expression of MciZ, a protein that increases the rate of FtsZ filament turnover (26), increased FtsZ velocity (Fig. 3F, 3H, Movie S7C). We next tested ...
... 3D, 3G, Movie SM7B). Likewise, addition of PC190723, an inhibitor of FtsZ GTP hydrolysis (25) halted FtsZ movement (Fig. 3E, Movie SM8A). Conversely, expression of MciZ, a protein that increases the rate of FtsZ filament turnover (26), increased FtsZ velocity (Fig. 3F, 3H, Movie S7C). We next tested ...
Cell Division Activity during Apical Hook
... Figure 4. Steps in ACC-mediated exaggerated apical hook. A, Confocal sections of the apical hook during ACC application. Seedlings were grown in air (i) or treated with ACC for 20 h (see Materials and Methods; ii, iii, iv). Two steps in exaggerated hook development were observed: ii, arc elongation; ...
... Figure 4. Steps in ACC-mediated exaggerated apical hook. A, Confocal sections of the apical hook during ACC application. Seedlings were grown in air (i) or treated with ACC for 20 h (see Materials and Methods; ii, iii, iv). Two steps in exaggerated hook development were observed: ii, arc elongation; ...
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Cellular Immune
... B7-1, B7-2, CD40, and CD40L. Neither apoptosis nor induced T cell anergy is responsible for the MSC-mediated immunosuppressive action. MSCs have been shown to reduce the expression of lymphocyte activation markers, and the analysis of the cytokine profile of dendritic cells, naive and activated T ce ...
... B7-1, B7-2, CD40, and CD40L. Neither apoptosis nor induced T cell anergy is responsible for the MSC-mediated immunosuppressive action. MSCs have been shown to reduce the expression of lymphocyte activation markers, and the analysis of the cytokine profile of dendritic cells, naive and activated T ce ...
Microtubule
... proliferating cell populations are subject to stringent growth control mechanisms. Cancer is an abnormal state in which uncontrolled proliferation of one or more cell populations interferes with normal biological functioning. The proliferative changes are usually accompanied by other changes in cell ...
... proliferating cell populations are subject to stringent growth control mechanisms. Cancer is an abnormal state in which uncontrolled proliferation of one or more cell populations interferes with normal biological functioning. The proliferative changes are usually accompanied by other changes in cell ...
Degradation of the plant cell wall by nematodes
... Cellulose microfibrils are embedded in a matrix of complex polysaccharides, which are divided into two classes: pectins and hemicellulose. Hemicelluloses are cellulose binding polysaccharides that form a strong but resilient network together with the cellulose. More specifically, they are defined as ...
... Cellulose microfibrils are embedded in a matrix of complex polysaccharides, which are divided into two classes: pectins and hemicellulose. Hemicelluloses are cellulose binding polysaccharides that form a strong but resilient network together with the cellulose. More specifically, they are defined as ...
Scavenging of 14-3-3 proteins reveals their involvement in the cell
... partially assembled KATP-channel complexes are excluded from the plasma membrane. Heteromultimeric assembly is controlled by a checkpoint mechanism based on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization motifs present in both Kir6.2 and SUR subunits (Zerangue et al., 1999). These arginine (Arg)based pepti ...
... partially assembled KATP-channel complexes are excluded from the plasma membrane. Heteromultimeric assembly is controlled by a checkpoint mechanism based on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization motifs present in both Kir6.2 and SUR subunits (Zerangue et al., 1999). These arginine (Arg)based pepti ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).