Scavenging of 14-3-3 proteins reveals their involvement in the cell
... partially assembled KATP-channel complexes are excluded from the plasma membrane. Heteromultimeric assembly is controlled by a checkpoint mechanism based on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization motifs present in both Kir6.2 and SUR subunits (Zerangue et al., 1999). These arginine (Arg)based pepti ...
... partially assembled KATP-channel complexes are excluded from the plasma membrane. Heteromultimeric assembly is controlled by a checkpoint mechanism based on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization motifs present in both Kir6.2 and SUR subunits (Zerangue et al., 1999). These arginine (Arg)based pepti ...
The Biochemistry and Structural Biology of Plant
... (CBMs). While CBMs potentiate the activity of their catalytic partners against complex ...
... (CBMs). While CBMs potentiate the activity of their catalytic partners against complex ...
Phosphorylation-Dependent Targeting of Tetrahymena HP1 to
... It is not unusual for paralogs to have distinct nuclear functions and locales. Although known best for roles in heterochromatin-mediated repression, some HP1 homologs have roles in DNA repair, replication, RNA splicing, telomere maintenance, and transcriptional activation and elongation (reviewed in ...
... It is not unusual for paralogs to have distinct nuclear functions and locales. Although known best for roles in heterochromatin-mediated repression, some HP1 homologs have roles in DNA repair, replication, RNA splicing, telomere maintenance, and transcriptional activation and elongation (reviewed in ...
A central role for the notochord in vertebral patterning
... mid-trunk centrum at 20 dpf, with no osteoblast labelling in the notochord (n) and surrounding centrum (arrowheads); inset shows a view at ~0.1× (all centra were examined in 10 serially sectioned embryos). (E-H) Analysis of bone by transmission electron microscopy (20 dpf). (E) Intramembranous ossif ...
... mid-trunk centrum at 20 dpf, with no osteoblast labelling in the notochord (n) and surrounding centrum (arrowheads); inset shows a view at ~0.1× (all centra were examined in 10 serially sectioned embryos). (E-H) Analysis of bone by transmission electron microscopy (20 dpf). (E) Intramembranous ossif ...
Ontogeny of erythropoiesis
... reveal that a small number of GATA1-expressing cells in blood islands of mouse yolk sacs have endothelial as well as primitive erythroid cell potential [10]. Furthermore, the transcription factors GATA2 and endoglin, both of which function in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), have each been shown to ...
... reveal that a small number of GATA1-expressing cells in blood islands of mouse yolk sacs have endothelial as well as primitive erythroid cell potential [10]. Furthermore, the transcription factors GATA2 and endoglin, both of which function in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), have each been shown to ...
SM-20, EGL-9, and the EGLN Family of Hypoxia
... vascular smooth muscle cells treated with or without platelet-derived growth factor, Taubman and colleagues (Wax et al., 1994) identified a novel gene called SM-20 that displayed characteristics of an immediate early gene. SM-20 mRNA levels peaked 1−2 h after treatment with serum, PDGF, angiotensin ...
... vascular smooth muscle cells treated with or without platelet-derived growth factor, Taubman and colleagues (Wax et al., 1994) identified a novel gene called SM-20 that displayed characteristics of an immediate early gene. SM-20 mRNA levels peaked 1−2 h after treatment with serum, PDGF, angiotensin ...
Membrane permeability of the human granulocyte to
... Granulocyte transfusions have long been recognized as a potential therapeutic option for treating infections in individuals with neutropenia [6,38,39]. Nonetheless, the use of granulocyte transfusions has remained infrequent and only about 1000 granulocyte units are transfused per year in the US [1] ...
... Granulocyte transfusions have long been recognized as a potential therapeutic option for treating infections in individuals with neutropenia [6,38,39]. Nonetheless, the use of granulocyte transfusions has remained infrequent and only about 1000 granulocyte units are transfused per year in the US [1] ...
Sorting of proteins to vacuoles in plant cells
... export to the Golgi are somehow selected and concentrated as part of the process of being packaged into vesicles (grey-filled circles). Golgi cisternae are shown with dilated ends containing protein inclusions (blue-filled circles) that become more electron opaque in a cis (lightest) to trans (darke ...
... export to the Golgi are somehow selected and concentrated as part of the process of being packaged into vesicles (grey-filled circles). Golgi cisternae are shown with dilated ends containing protein inclusions (blue-filled circles) that become more electron opaque in a cis (lightest) to trans (darke ...
Effect of Steroid Hormones and Retinoids on the Formation of
... (u-PA) expression, at both mRNA and antigen levels. Exogenous suppletion of the medium with single chain u-PA enhances tube formation in our in vitro model, whereas quenching of u-PA activity (but not of tissue-type plasminogen activator activity) or of u-PA binding to u-PA receptor by specific anti ...
... (u-PA) expression, at both mRNA and antigen levels. Exogenous suppletion of the medium with single chain u-PA enhances tube formation in our in vitro model, whereas quenching of u-PA activity (but not of tissue-type plasminogen activator activity) or of u-PA binding to u-PA receptor by specific anti ...
Mitochondria as signaling organelles R E V I E W Open Access
... mitochondria-centric signaling mechanisms have been proposed, including release of reactive oxygen species and the scaffolding of signaling complexes on the outer mitochondrial membrane. It has also been shown that mitochondrial dysfunction causes induction of stress responses, bolstering the idea t ...
... mitochondria-centric signaling mechanisms have been proposed, including release of reactive oxygen species and the scaffolding of signaling complexes on the outer mitochondrial membrane. It has also been shown that mitochondrial dysfunction causes induction of stress responses, bolstering the idea t ...
Leaf growth in grasses is determined by the cell division and
... of the residues (de Souza and McAdam 2001). Recent reports have highlighted the biochemical regulation such as expansin of cell wall extensibility as a key process in controlling growth in plants and have led to the identification of several proteins that are potentially involved in this process (Co ...
... of the residues (de Souza and McAdam 2001). Recent reports have highlighted the biochemical regulation such as expansin of cell wall extensibility as a key process in controlling growth in plants and have led to the identification of several proteins that are potentially involved in this process (Co ...
Nature Cell Biol. 6
... complexes: TORC1 and TORC2. A mammalian counterpart of TORC1 (mTORC1) has been described, but it is not known whether TORC2 is conserved in mammals. Here, we report that a mammalian counterpart of TORC2 (mTORC2) also exists. mTORC2 contains mTOR, mLST8 and mAVO3, but not raptor. Like yeast TORC2, mT ...
... complexes: TORC1 and TORC2. A mammalian counterpart of TORC1 (mTORC1) has been described, but it is not known whether TORC2 is conserved in mammals. Here, we report that a mammalian counterpart of TORC2 (mTORC2) also exists. mTORC2 contains mTOR, mLST8 and mAVO3, but not raptor. Like yeast TORC2, mT ...
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
... groups or subfamilies of HopZ1—HopZ1a, HopZ1b, and HopZ1c—were identified (Ma et al. 2006). A survey of 96 P. syringae strains isolated from a variety of plant hosts worldwide revealed that 42% of these strains produce a functional HopZ T3SE. Evolutionary analysis demonstrated that HopZ1, ancient to ...
... groups or subfamilies of HopZ1—HopZ1a, HopZ1b, and HopZ1c—were identified (Ma et al. 2006). A survey of 96 P. syringae strains isolated from a variety of plant hosts worldwide revealed that 42% of these strains produce a functional HopZ T3SE. Evolutionary analysis demonstrated that HopZ1, ancient to ...
separation of cell types from embryonic chicken and rat spinal cord
... many of their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Tissue explants and cells dissociated from several nerve tissues, including spinal cord, have been successfully maintained in vitro, and the properties of both glial and neuronal cells have been described (Fischbach and Nelson, 1977; Patri ...
... many of their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Tissue explants and cells dissociated from several nerve tissues, including spinal cord, have been successfully maintained in vitro, and the properties of both glial and neuronal cells have been described (Fischbach and Nelson, 1977; Patri ...
Antioxidant defense system targeted to help maintain a healthy
... Alpha-lipoic acid is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and functions in fat or water. In fact, it interacts with its antioxidant partners — vitamins E and C — and also helps to conserve them. When the body is deficient of glutathione and lipoic acid, the other antioxidants do not properly netwo ...
... Alpha-lipoic acid is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and functions in fat or water. In fact, it interacts with its antioxidant partners — vitamins E and C — and also helps to conserve them. When the body is deficient of glutathione and lipoic acid, the other antioxidants do not properly netwo ...
Two distinct classes of prestalk
... restriction enzymes showed them to derive from three different mRNA sequences. The longest cDNA clones derived from each of the three mRNA sequences were used in all subsequent experiments. These contained inserts of 0-65kb (pDd26), 2-4kb (pDd56) and 2-3 kb (pDd63) in length. Subsequent analysis, by ...
... restriction enzymes showed them to derive from three different mRNA sequences. The longest cDNA clones derived from each of the three mRNA sequences were used in all subsequent experiments. These contained inserts of 0-65kb (pDd26), 2-4kb (pDd56) and 2-3 kb (pDd63) in length. Subsequent analysis, by ...
PGC specification from epiblast
... Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in mice have been recognized histologically as alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity-positive cells at 7.2 days post coitum (dpc) in the extra-embryonic mesoderm. However, mechanisms regulating PGC formation are unknown, and an appropriate in vitro system to study the mecha ...
... Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in mice have been recognized histologically as alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity-positive cells at 7.2 days post coitum (dpc) in the extra-embryonic mesoderm. However, mechanisms regulating PGC formation are unknown, and an appropriate in vitro system to study the mecha ...
Polypeptide Composition of Chlamydia trachomatis
... phosphate-buffered glutamate, pH 7.4, with added sucrose (SPG) at -70 "C (Bovarnick et al., 1950). Infecfiuify tirration. Serial five-fold dilutions of egg-grown chlamydiae were prepared in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium containing 10 o/o (v/v) foetal calf serum, L-glutamine and sodium bicarbonate ...
... phosphate-buffered glutamate, pH 7.4, with added sucrose (SPG) at -70 "C (Bovarnick et al., 1950). Infecfiuify tirration. Serial five-fold dilutions of egg-grown chlamydiae were prepared in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium containing 10 o/o (v/v) foetal calf serum, L-glutamine and sodium bicarbonate ...
Characterizing the O-glycosylation landscape of human plasma
... impaired leukocyte recruitment,13 and high-density lipoprotein levels.14 Dissection of the molecular mechanisms by which O-glycans affect these systems is, however, currently impeded by a lack of knowledge of specific O-glycan sites in vivo. The hemostatic system comprises platelet aggregation, coag ...
... impaired leukocyte recruitment,13 and high-density lipoprotein levels.14 Dissection of the molecular mechanisms by which O-glycans affect these systems is, however, currently impeded by a lack of knowledge of specific O-glycan sites in vivo. The hemostatic system comprises platelet aggregation, coag ...
PDF
... Design of experimental series The work was divided into five series of experiments characterized by the developmental stage of embryos used, the region of the ectoderm used as graft and the period of cultivation in the host kidney. The purpose of each series was explained in the Introduction. Series ...
... Design of experimental series The work was divided into five series of experiments characterized by the developmental stage of embryos used, the region of the ectoderm used as graft and the period of cultivation in the host kidney. The purpose of each series was explained in the Introduction. Series ...
Intracellular and extracellular in vivo recording of
... fields in the expected proportions, but since we detected no other response property that correlated with on or off center type, we pooled across these center types for data analysis. ...
... fields in the expected proportions, but since we detected no other response property that correlated with on or off center type, we pooled across these center types for data analysis. ...
Targeting of Active Sialyltransferase to the Plant Golgi Apparatus
... pathway of plant cells. Proteins initially inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are sorted here into a range of vesicles for transport onward to the vacuole, plasma membrane, and cell wall. Moreover, the enzymes that synthesize a wide range of carbohydrate structures are localized in the mem ...
... pathway of plant cells. Proteins initially inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are sorted here into a range of vesicles for transport onward to the vacuole, plasma membrane, and cell wall. Moreover, the enzymes that synthesize a wide range of carbohydrate structures are localized in the mem ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum–Plasma Membrane - e-learning
... performing functions specific to that particular contact (Helle et al. 2013). Although attractive, this simplistic view may not be so real because very few proteins can be placed exclusively into only one of the two categories. In particular, no proteins have been found that merely tether, with no o ...
... performing functions specific to that particular contact (Helle et al. 2013). Although attractive, this simplistic view may not be so real because very few proteins can be placed exclusively into only one of the two categories. In particular, no proteins have been found that merely tether, with no o ...
Role of - Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
... domain of the a2 chain of laminin-2. Native a-DG competitively inhibited the laminin-2–mediated M. leprae binding to primary Schwann cells. Thus, M. leprae may use linkage between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton through laminin-2 and a-DG for its interaction with Schwann cells. Pathogenic ...
... domain of the a2 chain of laminin-2. Native a-DG competitively inhibited the laminin-2–mediated M. leprae binding to primary Schwann cells. Thus, M. leprae may use linkage between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton through laminin-2 and a-DG for its interaction with Schwann cells. Pathogenic ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).