Light Modulates the Biosynthesis and
... activity. Some cyanobacterial species do not have the carboxysomal b-carbonic anhydrase (CcaA) homologs; instead, the N-terminal domain of CcmM functions as an active g-carbonic anhydrase (Peña et al., 2010). The shell facets act as a selective barrier that allows the diffusion of HCO32 and retains ...
... activity. Some cyanobacterial species do not have the carboxysomal b-carbonic anhydrase (CcaA) homologs; instead, the N-terminal domain of CcmM functions as an active g-carbonic anhydrase (Peña et al., 2010). The shell facets act as a selective barrier that allows the diffusion of HCO32 and retains ...
T cell metabolism drives immunity
... gun, pathogen-derived or inflammatory signals drive T cells out of quiescence, resulting in rapid modulation of gene expression and the acquisition of new functions.These changes range from increased production of cytokines and cytolytic molecules to the ability to undergo cell division and migratio ...
... gun, pathogen-derived or inflammatory signals drive T cells out of quiescence, resulting in rapid modulation of gene expression and the acquisition of new functions.These changes range from increased production of cytokines and cytolytic molecules to the ability to undergo cell division and migratio ...
Intracellular Protein Degradation
... the immune and inflammatory system. As a result, the system has become a platform for drug targeting, and mechanism-based drugs are currently developed, one of them is already on the market. The lysosome and intracellular protein degradation In the mid-1950s, Christian de Duve discovered the lysosom ...
... the immune and inflammatory system. As a result, the system has become a platform for drug targeting, and mechanism-based drugs are currently developed, one of them is already on the market. The lysosome and intracellular protein degradation In the mid-1950s, Christian de Duve discovered the lysosom ...
Cell-cell communication mediated by the CAR subgroup of
... and D2 associate in a head-to-tail manner and form a rod-like, dumbbell-shaped structure whose protrusions are formed by the two globular Ig domains (Fig. 1). A linker segment of five residues tethers the extracellular Ig domains of CAR to the plasma membrane. The resolution of this extracellular CAR ...
... and D2 associate in a head-to-tail manner and form a rod-like, dumbbell-shaped structure whose protrusions are formed by the two globular Ig domains (Fig. 1). A linker segment of five residues tethers the extracellular Ig domains of CAR to the plasma membrane. The resolution of this extracellular CAR ...
Double-Stranded RNA Induces Sickle Erythrocyte
... of sickle erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium is posited as a major determinant of intracapillary transit time and a modulator of vaso-occlusive complications!-6 In recent years, specific adhesion pathways between both microvascular and large vein endothelium and sickle erythrocytes have been ...
... of sickle erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium is posited as a major determinant of intracapillary transit time and a modulator of vaso-occlusive complications!-6 In recent years, specific adhesion pathways between both microvascular and large vein endothelium and sickle erythrocytes have been ...
Extra-embryonic endoderm differentiation
... the trophectodermal BM (Enders et al., 1978; Gardner and Papaioannou, 1975). As they migrate on this pre-existing BM, PE cells secrete large amounts of laminin and other BM components that are incorporated into Reichert’s membrane, a thick BM that acts as a barrier between maternal and embryonic env ...
... the trophectodermal BM (Enders et al., 1978; Gardner and Papaioannou, 1975). As they migrate on this pre-existing BM, PE cells secrete large amounts of laminin and other BM components that are incorporated into Reichert’s membrane, a thick BM that acts as a barrier between maternal and embryonic env ...
Traffic into silence: endomembranes and
... proteins (Ago1–4) in vivo, but only Ago2 displays endonuclease activity and acts as the major effector of exogenous siRNAs in RNA silencing (Meister et al, 2004). In Arabidopsis thaliana, 50 nucleotide identity and small RNA length are critical for the partitioning to different AGO proteins. atAGO1- ...
... proteins (Ago1–4) in vivo, but only Ago2 displays endonuclease activity and acts as the major effector of exogenous siRNAs in RNA silencing (Meister et al, 2004). In Arabidopsis thaliana, 50 nucleotide identity and small RNA length are critical for the partitioning to different AGO proteins. atAGO1- ...
Anosmin-1, the protein underlying the X -linked form of - HAL
... (Schwanzel-Fukuda et al., 1989). The KAL-1 gene, underlying the X-linked form of the disease (Franco et al. 1991; Legouis et al. 1991), encodes a cell matrix protein, anosmin-1, that displays cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, axon guidance and axon branch-promoting activities in vitro (Soussi-Yanico ...
... (Schwanzel-Fukuda et al., 1989). The KAL-1 gene, underlying the X-linked form of the disease (Franco et al. 1991; Legouis et al. 1991), encodes a cell matrix protein, anosmin-1, that displays cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, axon guidance and axon branch-promoting activities in vitro (Soussi-Yanico ...
Progress in understanding the role of microtubules in plant cells
... cortical microtubule organization [4,22], and numerous mutants in which AtKSS is affected have now been identified in screens for altered morphology [23], stem strength [23,24], trichoblast cell-fate specification [25], responses to gibberellin [26] and tubulin-targeted drug sensitivity [27]. The ...
... cortical microtubule organization [4,22], and numerous mutants in which AtKSS is affected have now been identified in screens for altered morphology [23], stem strength [23,24], trichoblast cell-fate specification [25], responses to gibberellin [26] and tubulin-targeted drug sensitivity [27]. The ...
Critical role of cytosolic phospholipase A2a in bronchial mucus hypersecretion in
... subjects [11], 2) immunostaining for MUC5AC protein is increased in CF epithelium compared with control subjects [12, 13], 3) MUC5AC protein is present in the airway lumen of CF subjects, contributing to airway plugging [12, 13] and 4) MUC5B is also increased in CF airway epithelium and lumen [12, 1 ...
... subjects [11], 2) immunostaining for MUC5AC protein is increased in CF epithelium compared with control subjects [12, 13], 3) MUC5AC protein is present in the airway lumen of CF subjects, contributing to airway plugging [12, 13] and 4) MUC5B is also increased in CF airway epithelium and lumen [12, 1 ...
G α 12/13 regulate epiboly by inhibiting E
... defect was observed in E-cadherin–deficient embryos, with cells bulging and detaching from the embryonic surface (Babb and Marrs, 2004; Kane et al., 2005; McFarland et al., 2005; Shimizu et al., 2005). E-cadherin is a plasma membrane glycoprotein that is indirectly linked to the actin cytoskeleton t ...
... defect was observed in E-cadherin–deficient embryos, with cells bulging and detaching from the embryonic surface (Babb and Marrs, 2004; Kane et al., 2005; McFarland et al., 2005; Shimizu et al., 2005). E-cadherin is a plasma membrane glycoprotein that is indirectly linked to the actin cytoskeleton t ...
The Lymphatic System
... 1-way flow from tissue towards heart Lymph arises from extracellular fluid Lymph capillaries flow into (→) Lymphatic vessels →Through lymph nodes → Lymph trunks → Lymph ducts → Subclavian veins → → heart ...
... 1-way flow from tissue towards heart Lymph arises from extracellular fluid Lymph capillaries flow into (→) Lymphatic vessels →Through lymph nodes → Lymph trunks → Lymph ducts → Subclavian veins → → heart ...
Tese Hugo Fraga
... reinforcing the need for further studies aimed at their preservation and propagation. Plant tissue culture encompasses a range of biotechnology tools that enable the conservation and plant breeding. The somatic embryogenesis (SE) morphogenetic route can be employed for mass clonal propagation of eli ...
... reinforcing the need for further studies aimed at their preservation and propagation. Plant tissue culture encompasses a range of biotechnology tools that enable the conservation and plant breeding. The somatic embryogenesis (SE) morphogenetic route can be employed for mass clonal propagation of eli ...
Do Plant Cell Walls Extend?
... example of such usage is that by Hoson and Masuda (1992), in which mechanical weakening of isolated walls was detected with a tensile tester. A second meaning is more biochemical and denotes any cleavage of wall structural polymers. The inference is that such action weakens the wall mechanically or ...
... example of such usage is that by Hoson and Masuda (1992), in which mechanical weakening of isolated walls was detected with a tensile tester. A second meaning is more biochemical and denotes any cleavage of wall structural polymers. The inference is that such action weakens the wall mechanically or ...
Lipid transfer and metabolism across the endolysosomal
... cell types are sensitive to elevation of intracellular Ca2+, and can be secreted to promote repair of plasma membrane wounds [19,20]. Recently, lysosomes have been recognized as key signaling hubs necessary on the one hand for mTORC1 activation by nutrients and growth factors [1,21], and on the othe ...
... cell types are sensitive to elevation of intracellular Ca2+, and can be secreted to promote repair of plasma membrane wounds [19,20]. Recently, lysosomes have been recognized as key signaling hubs necessary on the one hand for mTORC1 activation by nutrients and growth factors [1,21], and on the othe ...
Advanced continuous cultivation methods for systems microbiology
... methods can be divided into two groups: chemostat-based and turbidostat-based methods. Whilst the former enables the study of cells at various m under nutrient limitation, cells are grown at mmax and in substrate excess conditions in the latter. Thus, steady-state growth both under nutrient limitati ...
... methods can be divided into two groups: chemostat-based and turbidostat-based methods. Whilst the former enables the study of cells at various m under nutrient limitation, cells are grown at mmax and in substrate excess conditions in the latter. Thus, steady-state growth both under nutrient limitati ...
Effects of Sulphur Dioxide on Biochemical Activity and
... The thylakoids started to become swollen and deformed after exposure to IOO ppm S02, and this swelling became more pronounced at 500 ppm, forming large vesicles (Plate i, No. 4). Since 500 ppm S02 lowered the pH of the incubation medium from 7.2 to 3.95, it was thought desirable to prepare an HCI co ...
... The thylakoids started to become swollen and deformed after exposure to IOO ppm S02, and this swelling became more pronounced at 500 ppm, forming large vesicles (Plate i, No. 4). Since 500 ppm S02 lowered the pH of the incubation medium from 7.2 to 3.95, it was thought desirable to prepare an HCI co ...
Regulation of cdk2 Activity in Endothelial Cells That Are Inhibited
... Abstract—Endothelial cells (ECs) are quiescent in normal blood vessels but undergo rapid bursts of proliferation after vascular injury and during angiogenesis. Here we show that the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (cdk2), a key regulator of the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle, is expressed a ...
... Abstract—Endothelial cells (ECs) are quiescent in normal blood vessels but undergo rapid bursts of proliferation after vascular injury and during angiogenesis. Here we show that the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (cdk2), a key regulator of the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle, is expressed a ...
Frost Resistance in Algae Cells
... reaches a critical point. Protective agents against cellular dehydration and contraction can increase frost resistance at least in fresh water green algae. Cells of marine algae, having a high resistance to plasmolysis were also highly resistant to freezing. ...
... reaches a critical point. Protective agents against cellular dehydration and contraction can increase frost resistance at least in fresh water green algae. Cells of marine algae, having a high resistance to plasmolysis were also highly resistant to freezing. ...
Chapter 4
... • Process by which large molecules, notably proteins, can leave the cell even though they are too large to move out through the plasma membrane ...
... • Process by which large molecules, notably proteins, can leave the cell even though they are too large to move out through the plasma membrane ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).