Nitric Oxide Signalling in Plants: Cross
... For instance, the skeletal muscle RyR1 (one of the three isoforms of RYRs) consists of four homologous 565 kDa subunits containing 100 cysteine residues. In the native protein, 50 of these residues appear to be in a reduced state (Aracena-Parks et al., 2006). Remarkably, submicromolar NO concentrati ...
... For instance, the skeletal muscle RyR1 (one of the three isoforms of RYRs) consists of four homologous 565 kDa subunits containing 100 cysteine residues. In the native protein, 50 of these residues appear to be in a reduced state (Aracena-Parks et al., 2006). Remarkably, submicromolar NO concentrati ...
The Nucleolus under Stress
... subunit biosynthesis is one strategy that can preserve cellular energy homeostasis (Sengupta et al., 2010). This can occur at several different levels, which include regulation of RNA Pol I transcription and/or rRNA processing (reviewed in Chedin et al., 2007; Grummt and Voit, 2010). Only 50% of th ...
... subunit biosynthesis is one strategy that can preserve cellular energy homeostasis (Sengupta et al., 2010). This can occur at several different levels, which include regulation of RNA Pol I transcription and/or rRNA processing (reviewed in Chedin et al., 2007; Grummt and Voit, 2010). Only 50% of th ...
Functions of the Arabidopsis kinesin superfamily of microtubule
... shared membership within a particular kinesin clade does not necessarily mean that the plant and animal kinesins perform similar functions. Genome analysis indicates that the microtubule-based motor protein dynein is absent in land plants (Wickstead and Gull 2007). Cytoplasmic dynein is responsible ...
... shared membership within a particular kinesin clade does not necessarily mean that the plant and animal kinesins perform similar functions. Genome analysis indicates that the microtubule-based motor protein dynein is absent in land plants (Wickstead and Gull 2007). Cytoplasmic dynein is responsible ...
The Heat-Shock Proteins
... called the heat-shock proteins or hsps. The response is the most highly conserved genetic system known,existing in every organism in which it has been sought, from archaebacteria to eubacteria, from plants to animals. Althoughcertain features of the response vary from organism to organism, manyare u ...
... called the heat-shock proteins or hsps. The response is the most highly conserved genetic system known,existing in every organism in which it has been sought, from archaebacteria to eubacteria, from plants to animals. Althoughcertain features of the response vary from organism to organism, manyare u ...
Control of Root Cap Formation by MicroRNA
... Because the Pro35S:MIR160a, -b, and -c plants displayed the same phenotype, we chose the Pro35S:MIR160c line for further analysis. Compared with the wild type, the root length of the Pro35S:MIR160c seedlings was reduced and the lateral root number was increased (Table 1). A more drastic phenotypic c ...
... Because the Pro35S:MIR160a, -b, and -c plants displayed the same phenotype, we chose the Pro35S:MIR160c line for further analysis. Compared with the wild type, the root length of the Pro35S:MIR160c seedlings was reduced and the lateral root number was increased (Table 1). A more drastic phenotypic c ...
Humoral Immune Responses to Epstein-Barr virus encoded Tumor Associated Proteins and
... Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) displays an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency type II gene expression profile in the tumor cells, characterized by formation of viral proteins EBNA1, LMP1, LMP-2A/-2B and BARF1. IgG and IgA humoral immune responses to these tumor-associated non-self antigens were analys ...
... Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) displays an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency type II gene expression profile in the tumor cells, characterized by formation of viral proteins EBNA1, LMP1, LMP-2A/-2B and BARF1. IgG and IgA humoral immune responses to these tumor-associated non-self antigens were analys ...
Transient Exposure to Ethylene Stimulates Cell Division and Alters
... developmental stages, with differentiation progressing from the base upwards. In hypocotyls, postembryonic division is confined to cells that give rise to stomatal complexes and trichomes so it is possible to quantify changes in cell division that are dependent on a given treatment. We first examine ...
... developmental stages, with differentiation progressing from the base upwards. In hypocotyls, postembryonic division is confined to cells that give rise to stomatal complexes and trichomes so it is possible to quantify changes in cell division that are dependent on a given treatment. We first examine ...
Nestin Is Required for the Proper SelfRenewal of Neural Stem Cells
... the IF network by copolymerizing with other type III or IV IF proteins [8, 9]. The inability of nestin to polymerize by itself is presumably due to a very short N-terminal ‘‘head’’ domain that, in other IF proteins, is essential for filament assembly. Nestin is depolymerized during mitosis and is rei ...
... the IF network by copolymerizing with other type III or IV IF proteins [8, 9]. The inability of nestin to polymerize by itself is presumably due to a very short N-terminal ‘‘head’’ domain that, in other IF proteins, is essential for filament assembly. Nestin is depolymerized during mitosis and is rei ...
Immunological Memory: Contribution of Memory B Cells Expressing
... has identified surface CD27 as a useful marker of human memory B cells (15–19). In particular, recent single-cell studies of circulating B cells in humans directly confirmed that essentially all circulating CD27⫹ B cells displayed variable Ig gene region somatic mutations, while no mutations were id ...
... has identified surface CD27 as a useful marker of human memory B cells (15–19). In particular, recent single-cell studies of circulating B cells in humans directly confirmed that essentially all circulating CD27⫹ B cells displayed variable Ig gene region somatic mutations, while no mutations were id ...
starry night regulates tissue polarity - Development
... The starry night (stan) gene was identified in the same mutant screen that led to the identification of ds and ft as tissue polarity genes. Mutations in stan produce a wing tissue polarity phenotype that is similar to that of fz and dishevelled (dsh; Krasnow et al., 1995), both in terms of the mutan ...
... The starry night (stan) gene was identified in the same mutant screen that led to the identification of ds and ft as tissue polarity genes. Mutations in stan produce a wing tissue polarity phenotype that is similar to that of fz and dishevelled (dsh; Krasnow et al., 1995), both in terms of the mutan ...
- PlantingScience
... Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems (MS-‐LS2.A) o Organisms, and populations of organisms, are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors (MS-‐LS2-‐1) ...
... Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems (MS-‐LS2.A) o Organisms, and populations of organisms, are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors (MS-‐LS2-‐1) ...
A Role for Eosinophils in Adaptive Humoral Immunity
... Eosinophils have an array of receptors that are different from other leukocytes present in the inflammatory exudate [19]. They also have an assortment of preformed interleukins, other cytokines and chemokines stored in their granules [20, 21] ready for quick release into the inflammatory milieu. The ...
... Eosinophils have an array of receptors that are different from other leukocytes present in the inflammatory exudate [19]. They also have an assortment of preformed interleukins, other cytokines and chemokines stored in their granules [20, 21] ready for quick release into the inflammatory milieu. The ...
Mader 11 ch 5 Membrane Structure and Function
... allow chemical substances to pass from one cell to another, adjacent channel proteins join Found in electrically excitable tissue - heart muscle, smooth muscle important in embryonic cells prior to circulatory system ...
... allow chemical substances to pass from one cell to another, adjacent channel proteins join Found in electrically excitable tissue - heart muscle, smooth muscle important in embryonic cells prior to circulatory system ...
Unique multipotent cells in adult human mesenchymal cell
... ecent advances in stem cell research have revealed the existence of various types of tissue stem cells that contribute to the functional maintenance of organs and to cell renewal, tissue remodeling, and repair (1, 2). These stem cells are expected to contribute to regenerative medicine, but this wil ...
... ecent advances in stem cell research have revealed the existence of various types of tissue stem cells that contribute to the functional maintenance of organs and to cell renewal, tissue remodeling, and repair (1, 2). These stem cells are expected to contribute to regenerative medicine, but this wil ...
Natural sequence variants of yeast environmental sensors confer
... outbred populations presents two major difficulties. First, if individuals differ at many loci and all have their environmental history, one can hardly distinguish whether the variable expressivity of the phenotype is due to hidden genetic or environmental factors or to a probabilistic effect of the ...
... outbred populations presents two major difficulties. First, if individuals differ at many loci and all have their environmental history, one can hardly distinguish whether the variable expressivity of the phenotype is due to hidden genetic or environmental factors or to a probabilistic effect of the ...
Extended PDF
... 2011). Fiber release is mediated via an adaptor protein TapA, which forms D-amino acid-sensitive foci in the cell wall and is required for the formation of the fibers and their anchorage to the cell wall (Romero et al., 2011). D-amino acids were also found to inhibit biofilm formation by other bacte ...
... 2011). Fiber release is mediated via an adaptor protein TapA, which forms D-amino acid-sensitive foci in the cell wall and is required for the formation of the fibers and their anchorage to the cell wall (Romero et al., 2011). D-amino acids were also found to inhibit biofilm formation by other bacte ...
Identification of a Mid-anaphase Checkpoint in
... Studies in populations of budding yeast, after activation of a facultative, dicentric chromosome are also indicative of a mid-anaphase cell cycle checkpoint which can delay progression through mitosis (Neff and Burke, 1992; Brock and Bloom, 1994). These dicentric chromosomes contain two centromeres, ...
... Studies in populations of budding yeast, after activation of a facultative, dicentric chromosome are also indicative of a mid-anaphase cell cycle checkpoint which can delay progression through mitosis (Neff and Burke, 1992; Brock and Bloom, 1994). These dicentric chromosomes contain two centromeres, ...
The Living World - Chapter 4 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
Fibroblast activation protein is induced by
... clinically relevant unstable plaques. An ideal protease target would be specific to the rupture-prone fibrous cap; a site perhaps more easily accessible by intravenously injected targeting agents. Although MMPs and cysteine proteases have been well characterized as protease targets, the role of seri ...
... clinically relevant unstable plaques. An ideal protease target would be specific to the rupture-prone fibrous cap; a site perhaps more easily accessible by intravenously injected targeting agents. Although MMPs and cysteine proteases have been well characterized as protease targets, the role of seri ...
12Macromolecular
... spectively, were unchanged by TPA treatment. VYS protein synthesis, measured by [3H]leucine incorporation, was initially ...
... spectively, were unchanged by TPA treatment. VYS protein synthesis, measured by [3H]leucine incorporation, was initially ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... are seen. It can be argued that successful experiments are often carried out in single cell systems, such as guard cells, root hairs and pollen tubes, where complex cell-to-cell communication is limited. These experiments are all studies of ion signaling, that can be directly correlated with a growt ...
... are seen. It can be argued that successful experiments are often carried out in single cell systems, such as guard cells, root hairs and pollen tubes, where complex cell-to-cell communication is limited. These experiments are all studies of ion signaling, that can be directly correlated with a growt ...
Systematic identification of cell size regulators in
... on a high-throughput pre-screen and the existing literature. Our analysis neutralized confounding factors, such as differences in growth rate and initial cell size, allowing us to distinguish between mutants that affected size indirectly from those that affected the size control mechanism itself. ...
... on a high-throughput pre-screen and the existing literature. Our analysis neutralized confounding factors, such as differences in growth rate and initial cell size, allowing us to distinguish between mutants that affected size indirectly from those that affected the size control mechanism itself. ...
Scrapie infected tissues
... plasmalemma of FDCs, and is localised intralysosomally within macrophages. Although the antibody used does not distinguish between the protease sensitive and protease resistant isoforms of PrP, we would anticipate that at least some of the PrP d accumulations, particularly those in fibrillar forms, ...
... plasmalemma of FDCs, and is localised intralysosomally within macrophages. Although the antibody used does not distinguish between the protease sensitive and protease resistant isoforms of PrP, we would anticipate that at least some of the PrP d accumulations, particularly those in fibrillar forms, ...
Morphology of single ganglion cells in the glaucomatous
... Qualitative Observations Parasol Cells. Confocal images of parasol cells that were labeled intracellularly in the normal primate eye are shown in Figure 1. In agreement with previous studies,13"18'20"24 these neurons have large cell bodies; large, radially oriented dendritic trees that originate fro ...
... Qualitative Observations Parasol Cells. Confocal images of parasol cells that were labeled intracellularly in the normal primate eye are shown in Figure 1. In agreement with previous studies,13"18'20"24 these neurons have large cell bodies; large, radially oriented dendritic trees that originate fro ...
Regulation of Heat Shock Response in Yeast and - E
... three types of RNA polymerases, RNAPI to III, each of which transcribes its own subset of RNAs. This chapter focuses on expression of genes transcribed by RNAPII, which is responsible for the expression of proteincoding genes. Transcription is accomplished by a protein complex called the general tra ...
... three types of RNA polymerases, RNAPI to III, each of which transcribes its own subset of RNAs. This chapter focuses on expression of genes transcribed by RNAPII, which is responsible for the expression of proteincoding genes. Transcription is accomplished by a protein complex called the general tra ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).