Live Cell Imaging Reveals Structural Associations
... between the actin and MT cytoskeletons in that alteration of actin assembly or turnover, as perturbed by jasplakinolide, was correlated with loss of MT organization, and stabilized AFs were found to align with and move along MTs. Cortical AFs Transiently Coalign with MTs The alignment between fragme ...
... between the actin and MT cytoskeletons in that alteration of actin assembly or turnover, as perturbed by jasplakinolide, was correlated with loss of MT organization, and stabilized AFs were found to align with and move along MTs. Cortical AFs Transiently Coalign with MTs The alignment between fragme ...
Metabolism of Methanol in Plant Cells. Carbon-13
... metabolized to [3-13C]serine, [13CH3]methionine, and [13CH3]phosphatidylcholine. We conclude that the assimilation of [13C]methanol occurs through the formation of 13CH3H4Pte-glutamate (Glu)n and S-adenosyl-methionine, because feeding plant cells with [3-13CH3]serine, the direct precursor of 13CH2H4 ...
... metabolized to [3-13C]serine, [13CH3]methionine, and [13CH3]phosphatidylcholine. We conclude that the assimilation of [13C]methanol occurs through the formation of 13CH3H4Pte-glutamate (Glu)n and S-adenosyl-methionine, because feeding plant cells with [3-13CH3]serine, the direct precursor of 13CH2H4 ...
Example of a scientific poster - SPUR
... with stomach cancer in humans. This pathogen injects the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein into host cells, and CagA is a major risk factor for disease development. The Guillemin lab has developed a transgenic Drosophila model to examine the effects of CagA on the intestinal epithelium of l ...
... with stomach cancer in humans. This pathogen injects the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein into host cells, and CagA is a major risk factor for disease development. The Guillemin lab has developed a transgenic Drosophila model to examine the effects of CagA on the intestinal epithelium of l ...
Signaling Mechanisms That Regulate Smooth Muscle Cell
... that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB inhibits myocardin expression,14,42 and its release at sites of vascular injury probably contributes to this effect. Interestingly, Doi et al failed to observe a decrease in myocardin protein expression in a rat thoracic aorta injury model perhaps reflec ...
... that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB inhibits myocardin expression,14,42 and its release at sites of vascular injury probably contributes to this effect. Interestingly, Doi et al failed to observe a decrease in myocardin protein expression in a rat thoracic aorta injury model perhaps reflec ...
Mechanisms That Promote Stem Cell Maintenance throughout Life
... enteroendocrine rather than enterocyte daughters lack cytoplasmic Delta. Consequently, stem cells typically can be recognized using gene markers only after they have been identified by lineage or transplantation, and their behavior under various conditions becomes understood. Among mammalian tissues ...
... enteroendocrine rather than enterocyte daughters lack cytoplasmic Delta. Consequently, stem cells typically can be recognized using gene markers only after they have been identified by lineage or transplantation, and their behavior under various conditions becomes understood. Among mammalian tissues ...
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... conjugates increase in equatorial epithelial cell nuclei just prior to fiber cell differentiation, and localize to differentiating fiber cell nuclei (Shang et al., 1999). Second, zebrafish containing a mutation in the 26S proteasome gene Psmd6 experience abnormal retention of fiber cell nuclei, as w ...
... conjugates increase in equatorial epithelial cell nuclei just prior to fiber cell differentiation, and localize to differentiating fiber cell nuclei (Shang et al., 1999). Second, zebrafish containing a mutation in the 26S proteasome gene Psmd6 experience abnormal retention of fiber cell nuclei, as w ...
processing of defensive pigment in aplysia californica: acquisition
... purple ink as an active defense. Like A. californica, these species probably concentrate phycoerythrobilin (a modified form of the red algal accessory photosynthetic pigment rphycoerythrin, found in phycobilisomes located on rhodoplast thylakoid membranes) in vesicles of a specialized gland in the m ...
... purple ink as an active defense. Like A. californica, these species probably concentrate phycoerythrobilin (a modified form of the red algal accessory photosynthetic pigment rphycoerythrin, found in phycobilisomes located on rhodoplast thylakoid membranes) in vesicles of a specialized gland in the m ...
Regulation of plasmodesmal transport by phosphorylation of
... (Figure 3H; Table I). This movement was comparable to that induced in the same host by the wild-type MP or its non-phosphorylatable derivative, del 7 (compare Figure 3F, G and H; Table I). These results suggest that plasmodesmal transport of MP in N.benthamiana is not regulated by MP phosphorylation ...
... (Figure 3H; Table I). This movement was comparable to that induced in the same host by the wild-type MP or its non-phosphorylatable derivative, del 7 (compare Figure 3F, G and H; Table I). These results suggest that plasmodesmal transport of MP in N.benthamiana is not regulated by MP phosphorylation ...
Natural Product Anacardic Acid from Cashew Nut Shells
... extract, anacardic acid, has been shown to exert a variety of effects on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (4, 5). Anacardic acid is a blanket term applied to a family of closely related compounds consisting of salicylic acid with a 15-carbon alkyl chain, which exist either in a fully saturated ...
... extract, anacardic acid, has been shown to exert a variety of effects on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (4, 5). Anacardic acid is a blanket term applied to a family of closely related compounds consisting of salicylic acid with a 15-carbon alkyl chain, which exist either in a fully saturated ...
Plant Oligosaccharides – Outsiders among Elicitors?
... [2], endo-β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases [22], proteinase inhibitors [65], and peroxidases [33], induce oxidative burst [24, 66], and stimulate lignin synthesis [26] and ethylene production [27, 28]. Inhibition of stem segment growth under the effect of various oligosaccharins, particularly of olig ...
... [2], endo-β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases [22], proteinase inhibitors [65], and peroxidases [33], induce oxidative burst [24, 66], and stimulate lignin synthesis [26] and ethylene production [27, 28]. Inhibition of stem segment growth under the effect of various oligosaccharins, particularly of olig ...
Biological systems of the host cell involved in Agrobacterium infection
... biotechnology. The transformation results from the production of a single-stranded copy (T-strand) of transferred DNA (T-DNA) molecule by the bacterial virulence machinery, its transfer into the host cell followed by integration into the host genome (for recent reviews, see Gelvin, 2003; McCullen an ...
... biotechnology. The transformation results from the production of a single-stranded copy (T-strand) of transferred DNA (T-DNA) molecule by the bacterial virulence machinery, its transfer into the host cell followed by integration into the host genome (for recent reviews, see Gelvin, 2003; McCullen an ...
Although ABA is mainly made in the leaves and the root cap, all
... Upon drought stress, ABA produced in roots is thought to move into leaves resulting in reduced transpiration. Unlike other plant hormones, ABA content in plants fluctuates dramatically with environmental conditions. What triggers ABA biosynthesis is not clear. It is believed that plasma membrane loo ...
... Upon drought stress, ABA produced in roots is thought to move into leaves resulting in reduced transpiration. Unlike other plant hormones, ABA content in plants fluctuates dramatically with environmental conditions. What triggers ABA biosynthesis is not clear. It is believed that plasma membrane loo ...
Mapping the Heparin-binding Sites on Type I Collagen Monomers
... may consist of a highly basic triple helical domain, including several amino acids known sometimes to function as disaccharide acceptor sites. We propose that the heparin-binding site of type I collagen may play a key role in cell adhesion and migration within connective tissues, or in the cell-dire ...
... may consist of a highly basic triple helical domain, including several amino acids known sometimes to function as disaccharide acceptor sites. We propose that the heparin-binding site of type I collagen may play a key role in cell adhesion and migration within connective tissues, or in the cell-dire ...
Effector-triggered defence against apoplastic fungal pathogens
... considering conserved effectors as not significantly different from PAMPs, without knowledge of their essential functions [7]. PTI has sometimes been defined as PRRtriggered immunity [5]. In addition to their original role in PAMP recognition [6], it was proposed that PRRs directly or indirectly rec ...
... considering conserved effectors as not significantly different from PAMPs, without knowledge of their essential functions [7]. PTI has sometimes been defined as PRRtriggered immunity [5]. In addition to their original role in PAMP recognition [6], it was proposed that PRRs directly or indirectly rec ...
Collagen accumulation in osteosarcoma cells lacking GLT25D1
... prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation and subsequently by glycosylation of hydroxylysine. Despite the widespread occurrence of the glycan structure Glc(1-2)Gal linked to hydroxylysine in animals, the functional significance of collagen glycosylation remains elusive. To address the role glycosylation in co ...
... prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation and subsequently by glycosylation of hydroxylysine. Despite the widespread occurrence of the glycan structure Glc(1-2)Gal linked to hydroxylysine in animals, the functional significance of collagen glycosylation remains elusive. To address the role glycosylation in co ...
Structure and innervation of the cochlea
... to as melanocytes [129]. It is possible that all melanin in the cochlea is produced by melanocytes, yet, melanin granules may be found in all three layers of cells in the stria vascularis, and even in the adjacent spiral ligament. It is likely that cells other than intermediate cells of the stria va ...
... to as melanocytes [129]. It is possible that all melanin in the cochlea is produced by melanocytes, yet, melanin granules may be found in all three layers of cells in the stria vascularis, and even in the adjacent spiral ligament. It is likely that cells other than intermediate cells of the stria va ...
study questions for chapter four
... Define the concept of cellular polarity. * Discuss the structure and function of each of the following cellular structures: plasma membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, euchromatin, heterochromatin, polyribosome (polysomes), rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, secretory ve ...
... Define the concept of cellular polarity. * Discuss the structure and function of each of the following cellular structures: plasma membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, euchromatin, heterochromatin, polyribosome (polysomes), rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, secretory ve ...
RUNX/AML and C/EBP factors regulate CD11a
... expressed in lymphoid and myeloid cells,13,14,22 critically contributes to development and survival of dorsal root ganglia neurons36,37 and functions as a tumor-suppressor gene in gastric cancers.38 The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family comprises 6 transcription factors (␣, , ␥, ␦, ⑀, a ...
... expressed in lymphoid and myeloid cells,13,14,22 critically contributes to development and survival of dorsal root ganglia neurons36,37 and functions as a tumor-suppressor gene in gastric cancers.38 The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family comprises 6 transcription factors (␣, , ␥, ␦, ⑀, a ...
Cis-elements of protein transport to the plant vacuoles
... can also function in a C-terminal propeptide and targets proteins in a receptor-mediated manner to a lytic vacuole. Binding to a family of putative sorting receptors for sequence-specific vacuolar sorting signals has been used as an assay to identify further peptides with other binding motifs. No mo ...
... can also function in a C-terminal propeptide and targets proteins in a receptor-mediated manner to a lytic vacuole. Binding to a family of putative sorting receptors for sequence-specific vacuolar sorting signals has been used as an assay to identify further peptides with other binding motifs. No mo ...
Boron Functions in Plants: Looking Beyond the
... not secreted into the PBF compartment, leading to aberrant symbiosomes (Figure 11). Other glycoproteins react with anti-RGII antiserum (and therefore possible borate-ligands) that appear associated with the glycocalyx of the PBM of immature symbiosomes and that progressively disappear during symbios ...
... not secreted into the PBF compartment, leading to aberrant symbiosomes (Figure 11). Other glycoproteins react with anti-RGII antiserum (and therefore possible borate-ligands) that appear associated with the glycocalyx of the PBM of immature symbiosomes and that progressively disappear during symbios ...
Seasonal Changes of Plasma Membrane H
... Hoth et al., 1997; Maathuis et al., 1997). With respect to trees, numerous studies have shown that auxin is an important regulator of cambial growth (Savidge and Wareing, 1981; Little and Savidge, 1987; Lachaud, 1989; Little and Pharis, 1995; Uggla et al., 1998; Sundberg et al., 2000). However, our ...
... Hoth et al., 1997; Maathuis et al., 1997). With respect to trees, numerous studies have shown that auxin is an important regulator of cambial growth (Savidge and Wareing, 1981; Little and Savidge, 1987; Lachaud, 1989; Little and Pharis, 1995; Uggla et al., 1998; Sundberg et al., 2000). However, our ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).