Vacuolar transporters and their essential role in plant metabolism
... Luu and Maurel, 2005) present in their membranes. Jauh et al. (1999) showed that the tonoplast of storage vacuoles contains d-TIP (tonoplast intrinsic protein), while the tonoplast of protein storage vacuoles containing seed-type storage proteins are marked by a-TIP and d-TIP, and sometimes with c-T ...
... Luu and Maurel, 2005) present in their membranes. Jauh et al. (1999) showed that the tonoplast of storage vacuoles contains d-TIP (tonoplast intrinsic protein), while the tonoplast of protein storage vacuoles containing seed-type storage proteins are marked by a-TIP and d-TIP, and sometimes with c-T ...
Comparative microanatomy and ultrastructure of the excretory
... Haszprunar 1992) consists of coelomatic (blastomere 4d) derivatives, the endothelially lined pericardium and, originally, two simple pericardial ducts leading to the exterior. The latter serve additionally as gonoducts in the aplacophoran Solenogastres and Caudofoveata. In the stem lineage of the Te ...
... Haszprunar 1992) consists of coelomatic (blastomere 4d) derivatives, the endothelially lined pericardium and, originally, two simple pericardial ducts leading to the exterior. The latter serve additionally as gonoducts in the aplacophoran Solenogastres and Caudofoveata. In the stem lineage of the Te ...
measuring force in the developing zebrafish embryo using
... In addition to large-scale movement of tissue in sheets, changes in force are also capable of driving migration of cells acting as independent entities. This is particularly evident in a phenomenon called differential adhesion. According to the differential adhesion hypothesis, cells segregate base ...
... In addition to large-scale movement of tissue in sheets, changes in force are also capable of driving migration of cells acting as independent entities. This is particularly evident in a phenomenon called differential adhesion. According to the differential adhesion hypothesis, cells segregate base ...
Impact of invertase overexpression on cell size
... epidermis and mesophyll cells. In contrast, turgor and osmotic pressure remained largely constant during rapid stem elongation in darkness ( Kutschera, 1991a, b). Since stem elongation is accompanied by a corresponding accumulation of soluble sugars, it was proposed that uptake of hexoses into expan ...
... epidermis and mesophyll cells. In contrast, turgor and osmotic pressure remained largely constant during rapid stem elongation in darkness ( Kutschera, 1991a, b). Since stem elongation is accompanied by a corresponding accumulation of soluble sugars, it was proposed that uptake of hexoses into expan ...
Mast Cell-Derived Exosomes Induce Phenotypic and Functional
... these molecules. Tolerosomes assembled in and released from the small intestinal epithelial cells are another example of exosomelike structures (9). Tolerosomes isolated from serum shortly after Ag feeding or from in vitro-pulsed intestinal epithelial cells are fully capable of inducing Ag-specific ...
... these molecules. Tolerosomes assembled in and released from the small intestinal epithelial cells are another example of exosomelike structures (9). Tolerosomes isolated from serum shortly after Ag feeding or from in vitro-pulsed intestinal epithelial cells are fully capable of inducing Ag-specific ...
Phalloidin
... <2000 Daltons, a variety of actin-binding proteins including myosin, tropomyosin and troponin can still bind to actin after treatment with phalloidin. Even more significantly, phalloidin-labeled actin filaments remain functional; labeled glycerinated muscle fibers still contract, and labeled actin f ...
... <2000 Daltons, a variety of actin-binding proteins including myosin, tropomyosin and troponin can still bind to actin after treatment with phalloidin. Even more significantly, phalloidin-labeled actin filaments remain functional; labeled glycerinated muscle fibers still contract, and labeled actin f ...
Bartonella Clarridgeiae: Invasion of Human
... forearm. Neither patient had had exposure to cats, but the second patient had a pet parakeet that he let perch on his arm. Histologic examination of biopsied papules from both patients revealed proliferations of capillaries that were lined with cuboidal endothelial cells. Inflammatory cell types we ...
... forearm. Neither patient had had exposure to cats, but the second patient had a pet parakeet that he let perch on his arm. Histologic examination of biopsied papules from both patients revealed proliferations of capillaries that were lined with cuboidal endothelial cells. Inflammatory cell types we ...
Starvation Induces Vacuolar Targeting and Degradation of the
... els of GAP1 transcription and GAP1 sorting and degradation (Stanbrough and Magasanik, 1995; Roberg et al., 1997b; Springael and Andre, 1998). The second class of amino acid permeases consists of mainly high affinity transporters that are specific for single amino acids or a small set of structurally ...
... els of GAP1 transcription and GAP1 sorting and degradation (Stanbrough and Magasanik, 1995; Roberg et al., 1997b; Springael and Andre, 1998). The second class of amino acid permeases consists of mainly high affinity transporters that are specific for single amino acids or a small set of structurally ...
Calcium Signaling. Cell 131: 1047
... like a dumbbell, but with a flexible joint in its middle (Meador et al., 1992, 1993). The EF hands of calmodulin have distinct affinities for Ca 2+, and their binding affinities are often increased by interaction with target proteins. Binding of Ca2+ is associated with a large change in conformation ...
... like a dumbbell, but with a flexible joint in its middle (Meador et al., 1992, 1993). The EF hands of calmodulin have distinct affinities for Ca 2+, and their binding affinities are often increased by interaction with target proteins. Binding of Ca2+ is associated with a large change in conformation ...
An inflamed trichilemmal (pilar) cyst
... Context: Trichilemmal (pilar) cysts are common skin lesions that often present on the scalps of mature men and women. These cysts often become inflamed when the wall of the cyst ruptures, but few reports have addressed the immunologic features of this process. Case Report: A 22-year-old female prese ...
... Context: Trichilemmal (pilar) cysts are common skin lesions that often present on the scalps of mature men and women. These cysts often become inflamed when the wall of the cyst ruptures, but few reports have addressed the immunologic features of this process. Case Report: A 22-year-old female prese ...
Osteoblasts and Wnt Signaling
... lacking just one Lrp5 wild-type allele. The authors concluded from their study that Sost targets Lrp5-dependent and -independent pathways to control bone formation in vivo. Further studies will be required to assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Sost interacts with either Lrp5 or th ...
... lacking just one Lrp5 wild-type allele. The authors concluded from their study that Sost targets Lrp5-dependent and -independent pathways to control bone formation in vivo. Further studies will be required to assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Sost interacts with either Lrp5 or th ...
The Pathogen-Actin Connection: A Platform for Defense Signaling in
... (60). In plants, a causal link has yet to be established between the activation of MAPK signaling and the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton; however, a number of studies have independently investigated functional and regulatory processes that potentially link MAPK signaling and cortical actin dyn ...
... (60). In plants, a causal link has yet to be established between the activation of MAPK signaling and the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton; however, a number of studies have independently investigated functional and regulatory processes that potentially link MAPK signaling and cortical actin dyn ...
TBX5 is required for embryonic cardiac cell cycle - UNC
... To understand the role of TBX5 in heart development, we depleted TBX5 from Xenopus embryos using a morpholino-based approach. Results from these studies show that removal of TBX5 leads to morphologically abnormal hearts and a decrease in cardiac cell number that is not associated with a block in car ...
... To understand the role of TBX5 in heart development, we depleted TBX5 from Xenopus embryos using a morpholino-based approach. Results from these studies show that removal of TBX5 leads to morphologically abnormal hearts and a decrease in cardiac cell number that is not associated with a block in car ...
Distinct Protease Requirements for Antigen Presentation In Vitro and
... the (161–175) epitope of the MAGE-3 tumor Ag (9) was more efficient in dendritic cells (DCs) or splenocytes treated with an aspartyl protease inhibitor or lacking cathepsin D, suggesting that destructive processing by this enzyme can occur. In contrast, an aspartyl protease inhibitor suppressed the ...
... the (161–175) epitope of the MAGE-3 tumor Ag (9) was more efficient in dendritic cells (DCs) or splenocytes treated with an aspartyl protease inhibitor or lacking cathepsin D, suggesting that destructive processing by this enzyme can occur. In contrast, an aspartyl protease inhibitor suppressed the ...
Accepted version - QMRO Home - Queen Mary University of London
... TX), CD45 (Chemicon; Hampshire, UK), CD90 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), MHC class-II (BD Pharmingen, Oxford, UK), or Alexa 647-conjugated anti-CD29 (Biolegend, London, UK), or PE-conjugated anti-MHC class-I (BD Pharmingen) antibodies. Corresponding isotypematched control antibodies were used for negative ...
... TX), CD45 (Chemicon; Hampshire, UK), CD90 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), MHC class-II (BD Pharmingen, Oxford, UK), or Alexa 647-conjugated anti-CD29 (Biolegend, London, UK), or PE-conjugated anti-MHC class-I (BD Pharmingen) antibodies. Corresponding isotypematched control antibodies were used for negative ...
Quantifying bacteria internalization by macrophage
... particularly in the elderly and individuals with underlying chronic disease. These infections are hard to fight because GBS has evolved several ways to evade the first line of immune defense. GBS can elude macrophages that would normally engulf and kill it, and if engulfed it can even survive inside ...
... particularly in the elderly and individuals with underlying chronic disease. These infections are hard to fight because GBS has evolved several ways to evade the first line of immune defense. GBS can elude macrophages that would normally engulf and kill it, and if engulfed it can even survive inside ...
Inflammation and proliferation – a causal event of host response to
... VacA is a highly immunogenic 95 kDa protein that induces massive vacuolization in epithelial cells in vitro (Cover & Blaser, 1992). VacA is reported to play a role in gastric colonization of H. pylori (Oertli et al., 2013). Although all strains carry a functional vacA gene, there is considerable var ...
... VacA is a highly immunogenic 95 kDa protein that induces massive vacuolization in epithelial cells in vitro (Cover & Blaser, 1992). VacA is reported to play a role in gastric colonization of H. pylori (Oertli et al., 2013). Although all strains carry a functional vacA gene, there is considerable var ...
Lymphatic vessels and tertiary lymphoid organs
... although differences in levels of these markers exist between the different vessels. Although other cell types can express some of these markers, none except LVs express the entire range. PROX1 is crucial for development and maintenance of LVs (1); VEGF receptors, especially VEGFR-3, respond to VEGF ...
... although differences in levels of these markers exist between the different vessels. Although other cell types can express some of these markers, none except LVs express the entire range. PROX1 is crucial for development and maintenance of LVs (1); VEGF receptors, especially VEGFR-3, respond to VEGF ...
Endocytic membrane fusion and buckling
... It has been proposed that the fusion of organelles with the furrow PM is important during the resolution of the ICB (Baluska et al., 2006). However, the function and timing of these fusion events remain controversial. Some studies suggest that asymmetric and synchronous fusion of secretory organelle ...
... It has been proposed that the fusion of organelles with the furrow PM is important during the resolution of the ICB (Baluska et al., 2006). However, the function and timing of these fusion events remain controversial. Some studies suggest that asymmetric and synchronous fusion of secretory organelle ...
t-SNARE Phosphorylation Regulates Endocytosis in Yeast
... (Vbm1,2/Elo2,3), which are involved in long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) elongation, result in the intracellular accumulation of phytosphingosine and rescue snc cells (David et al., 1998). This occurs via activation of a sphingoid base/ceramideactivated phosphatase (CAPP), Sit4, and the subsequent dephos ...
... (Vbm1,2/Elo2,3), which are involved in long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) elongation, result in the intracellular accumulation of phytosphingosine and rescue snc cells (David et al., 1998). This occurs via activation of a sphingoid base/ceramideactivated phosphatase (CAPP), Sit4, and the subsequent dephos ...
Diarch Symmetry of the Vascular Bundle in
... the central cylinder or stele is the pericycle, which is traditionally regarded as one extra concentric layer. Indeed, all pericycle cells share common physical properties and form a unique layer of regularly shaped cells in contact with each other by their tangential cell walls (Dolan et al., 1993) ...
... the central cylinder or stele is the pericycle, which is traditionally regarded as one extra concentric layer. Indeed, all pericycle cells share common physical properties and form a unique layer of regularly shaped cells in contact with each other by their tangential cell walls (Dolan et al., 1993) ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).