Inactivation of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase intact cells
... suggesting that intracellular deam:i.nation of ara-A is not a major factor limiting the short tenn effects of ara-A on AdoHcy hydrolase. Inactivation of AdoHcy hydrolase by ara-A is associated with a rressive buildup of intracellular AdoHcy which is ~eularly pronounced in the hepatocytes (frcrn 50 t ...
... suggesting that intracellular deam:i.nation of ara-A is not a major factor limiting the short tenn effects of ara-A on AdoHcy hydrolase. Inactivation of AdoHcy hydrolase by ara-A is associated with a rressive buildup of intracellular AdoHcy which is ~eularly pronounced in the hepatocytes (frcrn 50 t ...
Mast cells and dendritic cells form synapses that facilitate antigen
... influenced by the nature of their interaction. Synapse formation requires integrin engagement and facilitates the transfer of internalized MC-specific antigen from MCs to DCs. The transferred material is ultimately processed and presented by DCs and can activate T cells. The physiological outcomes o ...
... influenced by the nature of their interaction. Synapse formation requires integrin engagement and facilitates the transfer of internalized MC-specific antigen from MCs to DCs. The transferred material is ultimately processed and presented by DCs and can activate T cells. The physiological outcomes o ...
Downloaded - The Journal of Cell Biology
... these granules are different sets of proteins that are designed for microbial inactivation and degradation. Upon ingestion of microorganisms by the neutrophil, granules of both populations fuse with newly formed phagocytic vacuoles, thus exposing the ingested material to the action of these proteins ...
... these granules are different sets of proteins that are designed for microbial inactivation and degradation. Upon ingestion of microorganisms by the neutrophil, granules of both populations fuse with newly formed phagocytic vacuoles, thus exposing the ingested material to the action of these proteins ...
Adherens Junctions, Desmosomes and Tight
... only at the overlapping edges of the corneocytes, in cell-cell interdigitation zones, and the flat corneocyte discs remain laterally attached with these junctions. When the lateral / peripheral corneodesmosomes disappear, in their turn, the corneocytes are gradually shed at the skin surface. The rea ...
... only at the overlapping edges of the corneocytes, in cell-cell interdigitation zones, and the flat corneocyte discs remain laterally attached with these junctions. When the lateral / peripheral corneodesmosomes disappear, in their turn, the corneocytes are gradually shed at the skin surface. The rea ...
Transient pluripotent cell populations in vivo
... of genes that are differently expressed within distinct pluripotent cell populations in vivo. Although pluripotent cells are fundamental to mammalian embryogenesis, relatively little is known of the developmental behaviour or molecular profile of these cells. Several lines of evidence, including cel ...
... of genes that are differently expressed within distinct pluripotent cell populations in vivo. Although pluripotent cells are fundamental to mammalian embryogenesis, relatively little is known of the developmental behaviour or molecular profile of these cells. Several lines of evidence, including cel ...
Emerging roles for lipids in non-apoptotic cell death
... membrane requires the lipids sphingosine-1-phosphate and hexadecenal as specific cofactors.19 Furthermore, downstream of BAX and BAK insertion into the mitochondrial outer membrane, oxidization of PUFA-rich mitochondrial cardiolipins (a class of glycerophospholipids synthesized in the mitochondrion) ...
... membrane requires the lipids sphingosine-1-phosphate and hexadecenal as specific cofactors.19 Furthermore, downstream of BAX and BAK insertion into the mitochondrial outer membrane, oxidization of PUFA-rich mitochondrial cardiolipins (a class of glycerophospholipids synthesized in the mitochondrion) ...
Auxin-binding proteins without KDEL sequence in the moss Funaria
... higher levels it enhances secondary caulonema differentiation (Johri and Desai 1973). Both responses are antagonised by the anti-auxin p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB) (Johri and D’Souza 1990). PCIB reduces polar, basipetal auxin transport in Funaria rhizoids (Rose and Bopp 1983) and was report ...
... higher levels it enhances secondary caulonema differentiation (Johri and Desai 1973). Both responses are antagonised by the anti-auxin p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB) (Johri and D’Souza 1990). PCIB reduces polar, basipetal auxin transport in Funaria rhizoids (Rose and Bopp 1983) and was report ...
PROCARYOTIC AND EUCARYOTIC CELLS
... Know that in the phospholipids bi-layer that the phospholipids tails are attracted to each other and the phospholipids heads are attracted to the water on the inside and outside of the cell. ...
... Know that in the phospholipids bi-layer that the phospholipids tails are attracted to each other and the phospholipids heads are attracted to the water on the inside and outside of the cell. ...
A Smooth Muscle-specific Monoclonal Antibody Recognizes Smooth
... the muscularis and muscularis mucosa of the gastro-intestinal t r a c t , t h e u t e r i n e m y o m e t r i u m , m e d i a l l a y e r o f all b l o o d vessels, a n d m e s e n c h y m a l c o m p o n e n t s o f t h e p r o s t a t e (Fig. 1, a - d ) . All o t h e r t i s s u e s , i n c l u d ...
... the muscularis and muscularis mucosa of the gastro-intestinal t r a c t , t h e u t e r i n e m y o m e t r i u m , m e d i a l l a y e r o f all b l o o d vessels, a n d m e s e n c h y m a l c o m p o n e n t s o f t h e p r o s t a t e (Fig. 1, a - d ) . All o t h e r t i s s u e s , i n c l u d ...
Changes in Red Blood Cell Electrolytes and ATP in
... likely that transmembrane calcium movement in the dog erythrocyte includes passive calcium flux and an ATP energy-dependent pump that actively extrudes calcium, maintaining a low cytoplasmic calcium concentration. Several studies have described depletion of intracellular ATP stores in hemorrhagic sh ...
... likely that transmembrane calcium movement in the dog erythrocyte includes passive calcium flux and an ATP energy-dependent pump that actively extrudes calcium, maintaining a low cytoplasmic calcium concentration. Several studies have described depletion of intracellular ATP stores in hemorrhagic sh ...
Comparative transcriptional profiling analysis of the two daughter
... zygote, and result in the formation of two nearly equalsized daughter cells and subsequent defect of embryonic axis establishment [5-7]. It suggests that the asymmetric division of zygote producing the apical and basal cells is a crucial event of early embryogenesis. Previous researchers adopted var ...
... zygote, and result in the formation of two nearly equalsized daughter cells and subsequent defect of embryonic axis establishment [5-7]. It suggests that the asymmetric division of zygote producing the apical and basal cells is a crucial event of early embryogenesis. Previous researchers adopted var ...
Human embryonic stem cells express a unique set
... cloned miRNAs are specifically expressed in hES cells and downregulated during development into embryoid bodies (EBs), while miRNAs previously reported from other human cell types are poorly expressed in hES cells. We further show that some of the ES-specific miRNA genes are highly related to each o ...
... cloned miRNAs are specifically expressed in hES cells and downregulated during development into embryoid bodies (EBs), while miRNAs previously reported from other human cell types are poorly expressed in hES cells. We further show that some of the ES-specific miRNA genes are highly related to each o ...
Plant Molecular Biology
... the important regulators of apoptosis in metazoans are the Bcl-2 family of proteins (Gross et al., 1999; Scorrano and Korsmeyer, 2003). Some Bcl2 proteins promote cell survival (Bcl-SL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-XL, Bfl-1 Mcl-1, Brag-1 and A1) while others promote cell death (Bax, Bak, Bcl-XS, Bid, Bik, Hrk, ...
... the important regulators of apoptosis in metazoans are the Bcl-2 family of proteins (Gross et al., 1999; Scorrano and Korsmeyer, 2003). Some Bcl2 proteins promote cell survival (Bcl-SL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-XL, Bfl-1 Mcl-1, Brag-1 and A1) while others promote cell death (Bax, Bak, Bcl-XS, Bid, Bik, Hrk, ...
Novel plasmodesmata association of dehydrin
... labeling and TEM. The nucleus and cytoplasm of xylem parenchyma and cortical cells were uniformly labeled with immunogold particles (Figures 3A and 3E). Exposure of similar tissues to pre-immune serum produced only background labeling (compare Figures 3A and 3E to 3B and 3F). The nucleus and cytopla ...
... labeling and TEM. The nucleus and cytoplasm of xylem parenchyma and cortical cells were uniformly labeled with immunogold particles (Figures 3A and 3E). Exposure of similar tissues to pre-immune serum produced only background labeling (compare Figures 3A and 3E to 3B and 3F). The nucleus and cytopla ...
Immortalized Murine Striatal Neuronal Cell Lines Expressing
... afferent projections, or neurochemical phenotype (Graybiel, 1990; Gerfen, 1992; Stoof et al., 1992). The regulation of the synthesis and release of neurotransmitters within each of these compartments is under complex control from several pathways including the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection t ...
... afferent projections, or neurochemical phenotype (Graybiel, 1990; Gerfen, 1992; Stoof et al., 1992). The regulation of the synthesis and release of neurotransmitters within each of these compartments is under complex control from several pathways including the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection t ...
Chapter_003
... Ribosomes in the endoplasmic reticulum make proteins for “export” or to be embedded in the plasma membrane; free ribosomes make proteins for the cell’s domestic use Mosby items and derived items © 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc. ...
... Ribosomes in the endoplasmic reticulum make proteins for “export” or to be embedded in the plasma membrane; free ribosomes make proteins for the cell’s domestic use Mosby items and derived items © 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc. ...
Auxin Auxins are a class of plant growth substance (often called
... which means that the auxin produced by the apical bud (or growing tip) diffuses downwards and inhibits the development of ulterior lateral bud growth, which would otherwise compete with the apical tip for light and nutrients. Removing the apical tip and its suppressive hormone allows the lower dorma ...
... which means that the auxin produced by the apical bud (or growing tip) diffuses downwards and inhibits the development of ulterior lateral bud growth, which would otherwise compete with the apical tip for light and nutrients. Removing the apical tip and its suppressive hormone allows the lower dorma ...
Fe Sparing and Fe Recycling Contribute to
... was subsequently maintained at a new steady state level, consistent with its essential role in plastid metabolism. The abundance of the cyclase increased over the first 24 h, while the cells continued to divide (although not to the same extent as in the +Fe controls), but then decreased markedly rela ...
... was subsequently maintained at a new steady state level, consistent with its essential role in plastid metabolism. The abundance of the cyclase increased over the first 24 h, while the cells continued to divide (although not to the same extent as in the +Fe controls), but then decreased markedly rela ...
A Possible Role for the Cnidarian Homologue of Serum Response
... To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: 49-221-4705171. E-mail: M.KROIHER@UNI-KOELN.DE. ...
... To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: 49-221-4705171. E-mail: M.KROIHER@UNI-KOELN.DE. ...
Chapter 7 Body Systems
... Ribosomes in the endoplasmic reticulum make proteins for “export” or to be embedded in the plasma membrane; free ribosomes make proteins for the cell’s domestic use Mosby items and derived items © 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc. ...
... Ribosomes in the endoplasmic reticulum make proteins for “export” or to be embedded in the plasma membrane; free ribosomes make proteins for the cell’s domestic use Mosby items and derived items © 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc. ...
Why are bacteria different from eukaryotes? INTERVIE W Open Access Julie A Theriot*
... well as deposition of extracellular matrix [9], but they do not approach the structural complexity of eukaryotic multicellular organisms. The largest of the bacterial communities are formed by cyanobacteria and are called stromatolites; these are made up of beautiful layered structures that form thr ...
... well as deposition of extracellular matrix [9], but they do not approach the structural complexity of eukaryotic multicellular organisms. The largest of the bacterial communities are formed by cyanobacteria and are called stromatolites; these are made up of beautiful layered structures that form thr ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).