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... authors proposed that parasite-derived AP may function as an inhibitor of the innate host defences, thus aiding parasite survival, as has been suggested for several other protozoan parasites (Baca et al., 1993; Remaley et al., 1984; Talamás-Rohana et al., 1999; Volety and Chu, 1997). Little other w ...
... authors proposed that parasite-derived AP may function as an inhibitor of the innate host defences, thus aiding parasite survival, as has been suggested for several other protozoan parasites (Baca et al., 1993; Remaley et al., 1984; Talamás-Rohana et al., 1999; Volety and Chu, 1997). Little other w ...
Root-knot nematodes manipulate plant cell functions during a
... Giant cells expand by isotropic growth and may reach a final size about 400 times that of root vascular cells. In Arabidopsis thaliana, cytological observations have shown that, 7 days post-inoculation (dpi), expanding giant cells are multinucleate with a dense cytoplasm. A week later (14 dpi), DNA ...
... Giant cells expand by isotropic growth and may reach a final size about 400 times that of root vascular cells. In Arabidopsis thaliana, cytological observations have shown that, 7 days post-inoculation (dpi), expanding giant cells are multinucleate with a dense cytoplasm. A week later (14 dpi), DNA ...
A Novel Plant Kinesin-Related Protein Specifically
... gave identical localization signals in Arabidopsis and Brassica oleracea cells, only anti-AtPAKRP2-N antibodies worked in tobacco BY-2 cells. When the purified antibodies were used for immunofluorescence in Arabidopsis root tip cells, they labeled the central region of telophase cells (Figure 3B). ...
... gave identical localization signals in Arabidopsis and Brassica oleracea cells, only anti-AtPAKRP2-N antibodies worked in tobacco BY-2 cells. When the purified antibodies were used for immunofluorescence in Arabidopsis root tip cells, they labeled the central region of telophase cells (Figure 3B). ...
Jeopardy
... They can be called a slime layer. They can be stained using a negative stain. ANSWER BACK TO GAME ...
... They can be called a slime layer. They can be stained using a negative stain. ANSWER BACK TO GAME ...
growth of the plant cell wall - Personal.psu.edu
... Abstract | Plant cells encase themselves within a complex polysaccharide wall, which constitutes the raw material that is used to manufacture textiles, paper, lumber, films, thickeners and other products. The plant cell wall is also the primary source of cellulose, the most abundant and useful biopo ...
... Abstract | Plant cells encase themselves within a complex polysaccharide wall, which constitutes the raw material that is used to manufacture textiles, paper, lumber, films, thickeners and other products. The plant cell wall is also the primary source of cellulose, the most abundant and useful biopo ...
The Use of Whole Animals Versus Isolated Organs or Cell Culture in
... In cell culture studies both gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) increase acid secretion, but only CCK increases pepsin (Sanders et aI., 1983). In the whole animal these are competitive antagonists, CCK inhibiting gastrin stimulated acid (Gillespie and Grossman, 1964). PepsIn secretion is stimulated b ...
... In cell culture studies both gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) increase acid secretion, but only CCK increases pepsin (Sanders et aI., 1983). In the whole animal these are competitive antagonists, CCK inhibiting gastrin stimulated acid (Gillespie and Grossman, 1964). PepsIn secretion is stimulated b ...
Mechanistic investigation into the actions of taurine on beta cells
... Taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid) is a semi-essential amino acid, which is not incorporated into proteins. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes, exhibiting multiple functions and tissue-p ...
... Taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid) is a semi-essential amino acid, which is not incorporated into proteins. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes, exhibiting multiple functions and tissue-p ...
PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN PLANT DISEASE
... and poorly characterized, but it is established that host responses to pathogens are dependent on gene expression, involve signal transduction, and require energy. Recent data suggest that in animals, a genetically regulated, signal transduction– dependent programmed cell death process, commonly ref ...
... and poorly characterized, but it is established that host responses to pathogens are dependent on gene expression, involve signal transduction, and require energy. Recent data suggest that in animals, a genetically regulated, signal transduction– dependent programmed cell death process, commonly ref ...
Geranylgeranylated Proteins are Involved in the Regulation of
... Multiple myeloma is characterized by the accumulation of slowly proliferating monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Via the production of growth factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor-I (1 – 4), and cellular interactions (5, 6), the local bone marrow microenvironm ...
... Multiple myeloma is characterized by the accumulation of slowly proliferating monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Via the production of growth factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor-I (1 – 4), and cellular interactions (5, 6), the local bone marrow microenvironm ...
Introduction Cell Cycle
... eukaryotic cells consisting of many more genes and proteins and of many intracellular compartments and structures. In Fig. 1.1.B and C, cell cycles are depicted as linear sequences, emphasizing the cell-to-cell variability, resulting in a different “history” of individual cells. Although the success ...
... eukaryotic cells consisting of many more genes and proteins and of many intracellular compartments and structures. In Fig. 1.1.B and C, cell cycles are depicted as linear sequences, emphasizing the cell-to-cell variability, resulting in a different “history” of individual cells. Although the success ...
The Aromatic-L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitor Carbidopa Is
... associated with symptoms of the malignant carcinoid syndrome, including flushing, diarrhea, and eventually carcinoid heart disease. Among the molecules associated with these symptoms is 5-HT,3 synthesized in the tumor from trp via the sequential action of TPH (EC 1.14.16.4) and AAAD (EC 4.1.1.28). T ...
... associated with symptoms of the malignant carcinoid syndrome, including flushing, diarrhea, and eventually carcinoid heart disease. Among the molecules associated with these symptoms is 5-HT,3 synthesized in the tumor from trp via the sequential action of TPH (EC 1.14.16.4) and AAAD (EC 4.1.1.28). T ...
Germinal Center Dynamics Revealed by Multiphoton Microscopy with a Photoactivatable Fluorescent Reporter
... Although two populations of GC B cells were originally defined based on size, LZ and DZ B cells were found to be indistinguishable in size or movement pattern by multiphoton microscopy (Allen et al., 2007b; Hauser et al., 2007a; Schwickert et al., 2007), and there are no anatomically validated surfa ...
... Although two populations of GC B cells were originally defined based on size, LZ and DZ B cells were found to be indistinguishable in size or movement pattern by multiphoton microscopy (Allen et al., 2007b; Hauser et al., 2007a; Schwickert et al., 2007), and there are no anatomically validated surfa ...
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells: From laboratory
... channel assays [14]. Ex vivo systems, such as ventricular wedge preparations [15] and Purkinje fibres [16], have been extensively used in physiological and pharmacological studies, but low-throughput and interspecies differences are limitations. Species differences are particularly highlighted in the ...
... channel assays [14]. Ex vivo systems, such as ventricular wedge preparations [15] and Purkinje fibres [16], have been extensively used in physiological and pharmacological studies, but low-throughput and interspecies differences are limitations. Species differences are particularly highlighted in the ...
differentiation and proliferation of embryonic mast
... been achieved in the past 30 years. The typical granules are now known to contain heparin, histamine, and an alkaline active protease or proteases; in two species 5-hydroxytryptamine is also a constituent of the granule. A systematic and comprehensive endeavor to study the source, mode of increase i ...
... been achieved in the past 30 years. The typical granules are now known to contain heparin, histamine, and an alkaline active protease or proteases; in two species 5-hydroxytryptamine is also a constituent of the granule. A systematic and comprehensive endeavor to study the source, mode of increase i ...
Cell Death Suppressor, Arabidopsis BI
... penetration by Blumeria graminis (Hückelhoven et al., 2003), suggesting that AtBI-1 and Mlo may possess similar functions in cellular defense and cell death modulation. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the barley Mlo protein binds to calmodulin (HvCaM3) and the interaction is related to the contro ...
... penetration by Blumeria graminis (Hückelhoven et al., 2003), suggesting that AtBI-1 and Mlo may possess similar functions in cellular defense and cell death modulation. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the barley Mlo protein binds to calmodulin (HvCaM3) and the interaction is related to the contro ...
The Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Exports
... resulting supernatant was then ultracentrifuged at 100,000 ⫻ g for 1 h to precipitate vesicles. The pellets were either suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (250 to 300 l) for Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses or processed for cryosections and immunogol ...
... resulting supernatant was then ultracentrifuged at 100,000 ⫻ g for 1 h to precipitate vesicles. The pellets were either suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (250 to 300 l) for Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses or processed for cryosections and immunogol ...
The Role of the Cell Cycle Machinery in
... Cell cycle activity is required for plant growth and development, but its involvement in the early events that initiate seedling development remains to be clarified. We performed experiments aimed at understanding when cell cycle progression is activated during seed germination, and what its contrib ...
... Cell cycle activity is required for plant growth and development, but its involvement in the early events that initiate seedling development remains to be clarified. We performed experiments aimed at understanding when cell cycle progression is activated during seed germination, and what its contrib ...
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition during gastrulation
... animals. Both gastrulation and EMT exhibit remarkable variations in different organisms, and no conserved role for EMT during gastrulation is evident. We propose that a ‘broken-down’ model, in which these two processes are considered to be a collective sum of separately regulated steps, may provide ...
... animals. Both gastrulation and EMT exhibit remarkable variations in different organisms, and no conserved role for EMT during gastrulation is evident. We propose that a ‘broken-down’ model, in which these two processes are considered to be a collective sum of separately regulated steps, may provide ...
review - Microbiology
... which cell volume and, presumably protein content, do not double, may serve to return the protein :DNA ratio to the usual level. Thus, the normal size-control mechanism which regulates mitosis is altered in developing uninucleate cells in a way that is unknown at present. Many of the changes in cell ...
... which cell volume and, presumably protein content, do not double, may serve to return the protein :DNA ratio to the usual level. Thus, the normal size-control mechanism which regulates mitosis is altered in developing uninucleate cells in a way that is unknown at present. Many of the changes in cell ...
REGULATION OF INITIATION OF DNA SYNTHESIS
... with fresh medium . His evidence for partial synchronization was based primarily on the rate of DNA synthesis per volume cell suspension and not on serial cell counts . The medium components responsible for these observations were not determined . Further experiments with different types of cells wi ...
... with fresh medium . His evidence for partial synchronization was based primarily on the rate of DNA synthesis per volume cell suspension and not on serial cell counts . The medium components responsible for these observations were not determined . Further experiments with different types of cells wi ...
Changes in Cell Morphology and the Cellular Localization of Protein
... in the most crucial genes would allow survival is so low that these genes have evolved very little over time. Thus, even though so many other genes have evolved as humans have, those genes that control crucial cellular processes stay profoundly similar. So highly conserved are these major genes amo ...
... in the most crucial genes would allow survival is so low that these genes have evolved very little over time. Thus, even though so many other genes have evolved as humans have, those genes that control crucial cellular processes stay profoundly similar. So highly conserved are these major genes amo ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).