The MAP Kinase MPK4 Is Required for Cytokinesis in
... Cytokinesis in plants is achieved by the formation of the cell plate. A pathway that includes mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase and MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) plays a key role in the control of plant cytokinesis. We show here that a MAP kinase, MPK4, is required for the formation o ...
... Cytokinesis in plants is achieved by the formation of the cell plate. A pathway that includes mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase and MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) plays a key role in the control of plant cytokinesis. We show here that a MAP kinase, MPK4, is required for the formation o ...
Ex vivo processing for maturation of Arabidopsis
... found in generative tissues at several stages of seed and fruit development. AtCEP1, AtCEP2, and AtCEP3 promoter activities were found in vegetative tissue such as AtCEP1 in the course of lateral root formation, AtCEP2 in roots within the beginning root cap, and AtCEP3 at the hypocotyl-root transiti ...
... found in generative tissues at several stages of seed and fruit development. AtCEP1, AtCEP2, and AtCEP3 promoter activities were found in vegetative tissue such as AtCEP1 in the course of lateral root formation, AtCEP2 in roots within the beginning root cap, and AtCEP3 at the hypocotyl-root transiti ...
I. The human skeleton contains 206 named bones which perform a
... a. Long bones are longer than they are wide. All bones of the appendages (except for the patellae, carpals, and tarsals) are long bones. b. Short bones are roughly cube-shaped. Carpals and tarsals are short bones. c. Flat bones are thin, flattened, and usually a bit curved. The sternum, scapulae, ri ...
... a. Long bones are longer than they are wide. All bones of the appendages (except for the patellae, carpals, and tarsals) are long bones. b. Short bones are roughly cube-shaped. Carpals and tarsals are short bones. c. Flat bones are thin, flattened, and usually a bit curved. The sternum, scapulae, ri ...
The cell cycle and pluripotency
... †Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/Medical Research Council (MRC) Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, U.K. ...
... †Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/Medical Research Council (MRC) Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, U.K. ...
Wang YY, Kuang A, Russell SD, Tian HQ. 2006. In vitro fertilization
... Since sperm cell dimorphism and preferential fertilization were first reported in P. zeylanica (Russell 1985), the phenomena of sperm dimorphism have been reported independently in numerous plants (Mogensen 1992; Hu and Tian 2002). Some dimorphic sperm cells differ in cell size, whereas others differ i ...
... Since sperm cell dimorphism and preferential fertilization were first reported in P. zeylanica (Russell 1985), the phenomena of sperm dimorphism have been reported independently in numerous plants (Mogensen 1992; Hu and Tian 2002). Some dimorphic sperm cells differ in cell size, whereas others differ i ...
Precision Optogenetic Tool for Selective Single- and Multiple
... During the development of a multicellular organism, cells differentiate and interact via intracellular and intercellular signaling to generate tissues and organs at the specific time in the appropriate place. It is thus essential to investigate cell origin and fate, cell functions, and cell-cell int ...
... During the development of a multicellular organism, cells differentiate and interact via intracellular and intercellular signaling to generate tissues and organs at the specific time in the appropriate place. It is thus essential to investigate cell origin and fate, cell functions, and cell-cell int ...
DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS INDICATIONS SUGGESTED USE
... in the environment. Free radicals, once formed, are capable of disrupting metabolic activity and cell structure. When this occurs, additional free radicals are produced which, in turn, can result in more extensive damage to cells and tissues. The uncontrolled production of free radicals is thought t ...
... in the environment. Free radicals, once formed, are capable of disrupting metabolic activity and cell structure. When this occurs, additional free radicals are produced which, in turn, can result in more extensive damage to cells and tissues. The uncontrolled production of free radicals is thought t ...
Negative control of cell size in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus
... E-mail address: contrera@ua.es (A. Contreras). These two authors contributed equally to this work. ...
... E-mail address: contrera@ua.es (A. Contreras). These two authors contributed equally to this work. ...
Contract Monoclonal Antibody Production
... from the lymphoid tissue of the immunized animal and a cell from a plasmacytoma (myeloma) cell line. In order for the hybridoma to maintain characteristics of each parent cell, B cells and myeloma cells used must be of similar lineage and stage of development. Plasmacytoma cell lines ...
... from the lymphoid tissue of the immunized animal and a cell from a plasmacytoma (myeloma) cell line. In order for the hybridoma to maintain characteristics of each parent cell, B cells and myeloma cells used must be of similar lineage and stage of development. Plasmacytoma cell lines ...
Antigen-Antibody Properties
... Antigen-Antibody Properties • You must remember Antibody affinity (single) VS avidity (multiple) • Cross-reactivity: occurs when two different antigens share an identical or very similar epitope. The antibody’s affinity for the cross-reacting epitope will be _____ than for the original epitope. • A ...
... Antigen-Antibody Properties • You must remember Antibody affinity (single) VS avidity (multiple) • Cross-reactivity: occurs when two different antigens share an identical or very similar epitope. The antibody’s affinity for the cross-reacting epitope will be _____ than for the original epitope. • A ...
FREE Sample Here
... 5. Mitosis refers to a. division that produces genetically identical daughter cells. b. the fusion of sperm and egg. c. cell division by germ cells. d. cell division that produces sperm and eggs. e. errors in genetic information. ANS: A ...
... 5. Mitosis refers to a. division that produces genetically identical daughter cells. b. the fusion of sperm and egg. c. cell division by germ cells. d. cell division that produces sperm and eggs. e. errors in genetic information. ANS: A ...
topic #4: angiosperm anatomy and selected aspects
... (A) Parenchyma is made up of common undifferentiated cells; it is the main “ground” tissue system. Specialized tasks depend on location (e.g., parenchyma in stem may serve a storage function, as in the common “Irish” potato, whereas parenchyma in a leaf is usually specialized for photosynthesis). (B ...
... (A) Parenchyma is made up of common undifferentiated cells; it is the main “ground” tissue system. Specialized tasks depend on location (e.g., parenchyma in stem may serve a storage function, as in the common “Irish” potato, whereas parenchyma in a leaf is usually specialized for photosynthesis). (B ...
THE PLANT CELL CYCLE Walter Dewitte and James A.H. Murray
... more than one complete cycle, and mitotic synchrony can be further enhanced by adding an additional block/release step with propyzamide. Cultures of the key plant species Arabidopsis are recalcitrant to the development of effective synchrony, but we have recently selected cultures that offer suffici ...
... more than one complete cycle, and mitotic synchrony can be further enhanced by adding an additional block/release step with propyzamide. Cultures of the key plant species Arabidopsis are recalcitrant to the development of effective synchrony, but we have recently selected cultures that offer suffici ...
Integrin modulation of signaling to transcription factors
... Adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in the regulation of signaling pathways that ultimately impact on cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Integrins are the main cellular ECM receptors and connect to the actin cytoskeleton through the formation of specialize ...
... Adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in the regulation of signaling pathways that ultimately impact on cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Integrins are the main cellular ECM receptors and connect to the actin cytoskeleton through the formation of specialize ...
-Chain Cytokine Signals γ Activation Is Independent of Jak3
... suggesting that IL-2 is an essential element in T cell proliferation (6 – 8). In later studies, it was found that IL-2 promotes the transit of T cells through the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle by upregulating cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cyclin E, and E2F and downregulating p27kip1 (9 –12). Based on thes ...
... suggesting that IL-2 is an essential element in T cell proliferation (6 – 8). In later studies, it was found that IL-2 promotes the transit of T cells through the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle by upregulating cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cyclin E, and E2F and downregulating p27kip1 (9 –12). Based on thes ...
Evidence for a non-replicative intracellular stage of
... mechanism, requiring microtubule assembly, lipid rafts integrity, and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling. We found that the majority of intracellular bacteria are located inside an acidic subcellular compartment, in a metabolically active and non-proliferative state. This ...
... mechanism, requiring microtubule assembly, lipid rafts integrity, and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling. We found that the majority of intracellular bacteria are located inside an acidic subcellular compartment, in a metabolically active and non-proliferative state. This ...
lncreased Expression of Vacuolar Aquaporin and
... Mimosa pudica, or of the stamens of Mahonia spp. change their volume very rapidly using water exchange with surrounding cells. During the last few years it has become clear that water flux across biological membranes occurs not only through the lipid bilayer but also across specific proteins, the aq ...
... Mimosa pudica, or of the stamens of Mahonia spp. change their volume very rapidly using water exchange with surrounding cells. During the last few years it has become clear that water flux across biological membranes occurs not only through the lipid bilayer but also across specific proteins, the aq ...
BSC-110 Biology
... G. Apply the scientific method to a lab and various theoretical situations H. Write a lab report which includes a graph, mean, standard deviation, and that follows the scientific process I. Describe the role of antibodies, antibiotics and vaccinations II. Cells A. Describe the major c ...
... G. Apply the scientific method to a lab and various theoretical situations H. Write a lab report which includes a graph, mean, standard deviation, and that follows the scientific process I. Describe the role of antibodies, antibiotics and vaccinations II. Cells A. Describe the major c ...
Protein import into the nucleus - Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
... Ran-GTP. Names of S. cerevisiae homologues are in parentheses. the import substrate from NRc~. By one model, release could be achieved by NRc~ modification, e.g. dephosphorylation. This idea is supported by the observation that only phosphorylated NRe~ bound NLSs in a blot binding assay [40] and by ...
... Ran-GTP. Names of S. cerevisiae homologues are in parentheses. the import substrate from NRc~. By one model, release could be achieved by NRc~ modification, e.g. dephosphorylation. This idea is supported by the observation that only phosphorylated NRe~ bound NLSs in a blot binding assay [40] and by ...
Membrane dynamics of dividing cells imaged by lattice light
... In our previous work, we analyzed BSC1 cells undergoing division using live-cell spinning-disk confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging and found that the dynamics of endocytic clathrin-coated pits in naturally dividing cells was unaffected at the bottom (Boucrot and Kirchhausen, 2007; Tacheva-Grigo ...
... In our previous work, we analyzed BSC1 cells undergoing division using live-cell spinning-disk confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging and found that the dynamics of endocytic clathrin-coated pits in naturally dividing cells was unaffected at the bottom (Boucrot and Kirchhausen, 2007; Tacheva-Grigo ...
Motor protein control of ion flux is an early step in embryonic left
... event.(2) Most importantly, a number of mechanisms appear to be required for LR patterning at pre-cilia stages. In the chick, a system of gap-junctional communication is required at stage 2–3 (prior to node formation) for correct LR asymmetry(20) and, in the frog, very early mechanisms include gap j ...
... event.(2) Most importantly, a number of mechanisms appear to be required for LR patterning at pre-cilia stages. In the chick, a system of gap-junctional communication is required at stage 2–3 (prior to node formation) for correct LR asymmetry(20) and, in the frog, very early mechanisms include gap j ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).