Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Multiple-Choice Questions
... 6) How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle? A) The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. B) The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount o ...
... 6) How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle? A) The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. B) The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount o ...
Anatomy, Ultrastructure and Physiology of Hornwort Stomata
... water loss. Though the exact rhythm varies for each plant, it is strongly correlated to the plant's carbon dioxide concentration mechanism, i.e. C3, C4, or CAM (Taiz and Zeiger 1998). Since a water transport system is crucial to success on land, the development of stomata was a landmark in plant evo ...
... water loss. Though the exact rhythm varies for each plant, it is strongly correlated to the plant's carbon dioxide concentration mechanism, i.e. C3, C4, or CAM (Taiz and Zeiger 1998). Since a water transport system is crucial to success on land, the development of stomata was a landmark in plant evo ...
Permanent cell cycle exit in G2 phase after DNA damage in normal
... G2 arrest has been documented by several studies (Bunz et al., 1998; Taylor and Stark, 2001). The prevailing view is that p21 is not essential for initiating G2 arrest but rather contributes to its maintenance. Although widely used, the exact meaning of this concept has remained unclear. The precise ...
... G2 arrest has been documented by several studies (Bunz et al., 1998; Taylor and Stark, 2001). The prevailing view is that p21 is not essential for initiating G2 arrest but rather contributes to its maintenance. Although widely used, the exact meaning of this concept has remained unclear. The precise ...
Polarization of Endocytosis and Receptor
... times with either monolayers or suspensions of 3774.2 cells . The cells were rinsed in PBS, fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer pH 7.4, washed in cacodylate buffer, postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, and then dehydrated through a graded series of ethanols as described before (7). In ...
... times with either monolayers or suspensions of 3774.2 cells . The cells were rinsed in PBS, fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer pH 7.4, washed in cacodylate buffer, postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, and then dehydrated through a graded series of ethanols as described before (7). In ...
Figure 1 - Journal of The Royal Society Interface
... plant kingdom and has remarkable mechanical properties for a polymer: its Young’s modulus is roughly 130 GPa, and its tensile strength is close to 1 GPa. The properties of hemicellulose and lignin are similar to common engineering polymers: lignin, for instance, has a modulus of roughly 3 GPa and a ...
... plant kingdom and has remarkable mechanical properties for a polymer: its Young’s modulus is roughly 130 GPa, and its tensile strength is close to 1 GPa. The properties of hemicellulose and lignin are similar to common engineering polymers: lignin, for instance, has a modulus of roughly 3 GPa and a ...
No Slide Title
... replicas of fractured surfaces; (c) or representation. scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Most materials and structures cannot be stained and viewed at the same time; stains are used selectively to give a partial picture, e.g. a stain for mucus counterstained to show cell nuclei. ...
... replicas of fractured surfaces; (c) or representation. scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Most materials and structures cannot be stained and viewed at the same time; stains are used selectively to give a partial picture, e.g. a stain for mucus counterstained to show cell nuclei. ...
Mesoderm migration in the Xenopus gastrula
... First, the globular cell body shows a constant kneading motion (Winklbauer and Selchow, 1992). Since actin microfilaments are concentrated at the cell membrane, we presume that HM cells possess a typical contractile cell cortex (A. Selchow, unpublished results). The second type of motile activity of ...
... First, the globular cell body shows a constant kneading motion (Winklbauer and Selchow, 1992). Since actin microfilaments are concentrated at the cell membrane, we presume that HM cells possess a typical contractile cell cortex (A. Selchow, unpublished results). The second type of motile activity of ...
Muscle Cells - Circulation Research
... PCNA.8 The human PCNA gene is 4,961 base pairs long, has six exons, and localizes to chromosome 20.9,10 PCNA expression is regulated transcriptionally but has an important posttranscriptional component as well. Of interest is the fact that at least part of the transcriptional regulation appears to b ...
... PCNA.8 The human PCNA gene is 4,961 base pairs long, has six exons, and localizes to chromosome 20.9,10 PCNA expression is regulated transcriptionally but has an important posttranscriptional component as well. Of interest is the fact that at least part of the transcriptional regulation appears to b ...
Normal and c-Myc-promoted human keratinocyte di
... proliferation throughout adult life accounts for the loss of cells that shed as squames from the surface of skin (Watt, 1989; Fuchs and Byrne, 1994). A constant balance between both processes is crucial to maintain the normal structure of epidermis and its alteration results in skin diseases. Prolif ...
... proliferation throughout adult life accounts for the loss of cells that shed as squames from the surface of skin (Watt, 1989; Fuchs and Byrne, 1994). A constant balance between both processes is crucial to maintain the normal structure of epidermis and its alteration results in skin diseases. Prolif ...
Document
... ERBB2 gene. Overexpression of the gene has been shown to play a role in the progression of 30% of breast cancers. Overexpression of this gene has also been observed in ovarian, stomach, and uterine cancer. Ras proteins transduce signals from growth factor receptors. These signals are then passed pro ...
... ERBB2 gene. Overexpression of the gene has been shown to play a role in the progression of 30% of breast cancers. Overexpression of this gene has also been observed in ovarian, stomach, and uterine cancer. Ras proteins transduce signals from growth factor receptors. These signals are then passed pro ...
10 m
... They may make their own growth factor They may convey a growth factor’s signal without the presence of the growth factor They may have an abnormal cell cycle control system ...
... They may make their own growth factor They may convey a growth factor’s signal without the presence of the growth factor They may have an abnormal cell cycle control system ...
Actin Microfilaments Regulate Vacuolar Structures and Dynamics
... arrow). To investigate the involvement of acto-myosin in the formation of the cytoplasmic strands, BA or BDM was applied at late telophase. Reorganization of cytoplasmic strands was not observed, and migration of daughter nuclei was completely inhibited (Fig. 7B–E). In this stage of the cell cycle, ...
... arrow). To investigate the involvement of acto-myosin in the formation of the cytoplasmic strands, BA or BDM was applied at late telophase. Reorganization of cytoplasmic strands was not observed, and migration of daughter nuclei was completely inhibited (Fig. 7B–E). In this stage of the cell cycle, ...
04-Membranes-Organelles
... Arise from the Golgi complex They contain enzymes that break down macromolecules Function in intracellular digestion of Worn-out cellular components Substances taken into cells The resulting material is then recycled ...
... Arise from the Golgi complex They contain enzymes that break down macromolecules Function in intracellular digestion of Worn-out cellular components Substances taken into cells The resulting material is then recycled ...
Folliculin directs the formation of a Rab34–RILP
... Taken together, these studies imply that summation of various opposing centripetal and centrifugal directed activities help to define the steady state distribution of this highly dynamic organelle. Within many cell types, this is manifested as a cluster of perinuclear lysosomes with more dispersed l ...
... Taken together, these studies imply that summation of various opposing centripetal and centrifugal directed activities help to define the steady state distribution of this highly dynamic organelle. Within many cell types, this is manifested as a cluster of perinuclear lysosomes with more dispersed l ...
Expansion of the phragmoplast during plant cytokinesis: a MAPK
... vesicles is the phragmoplast, whose formation is initiated during late anaphase [1]. A phragmoplast complex is composed of two bundles of anti-parallel microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments. MTs are, in general, orientated and consist of a plus end and a minus end. The MTs overlap at their plus end ...
... vesicles is the phragmoplast, whose formation is initiated during late anaphase [1]. A phragmoplast complex is composed of two bundles of anti-parallel microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments. MTs are, in general, orientated and consist of a plus end and a minus end. The MTs overlap at their plus end ...
Asymmetric Cell Divisions: Zygotes of Fucoid Algae as a
... to study the mechanisms by which cells acquire polarity and regulate asymmetric cell divisions, mainly because they are easy to manipulate and analyze in the laboratory (for recent reviews, see Brownlee 2004; Katsaros et al. 2006). Fucoid algae are marine brown algae, belonging to the Phaeophyceae c ...
... to study the mechanisms by which cells acquire polarity and regulate asymmetric cell divisions, mainly because they are easy to manipulate and analyze in the laboratory (for recent reviews, see Brownlee 2004; Katsaros et al. 2006). Fucoid algae are marine brown algae, belonging to the Phaeophyceae c ...
Asymmetric Cell Divisions in the Early Embryo of the Leech
... lacked a true coelom (Valentine and Collins 2000). If so, many of the features we associate with modern bilaterian animals may have arisen largely independently within these three lines. On the other hand, others have proposed that the urbilaterian was a segmented eucoelomate with well-developed sen ...
... lacked a true coelom (Valentine and Collins 2000). If so, many of the features we associate with modern bilaterian animals may have arisen largely independently within these three lines. On the other hand, others have proposed that the urbilaterian was a segmented eucoelomate with well-developed sen ...
Diefenbach, A., J.K. Hsia, M.Y. Hsiung, and D.H. Raulet. 2003. A novel ligand for the NKG2D receptor activates NK cells and macrophages and induces tumor immunity. Eur J Immunol 33:381-391.
... glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor. Despite relatively divergent protein sequences (25.2% identity and 39.1% similarity), both protein families are composed of § 1 and § 2 ectodomains with similarities to the corresponding domains of class I MHC molecules [7, 11, 12]. In contrast to class I ...
... glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor. Despite relatively divergent protein sequences (25.2% identity and 39.1% similarity), both protein families are composed of § 1 and § 2 ectodomains with similarities to the corresponding domains of class I MHC molecules [7, 11, 12]. In contrast to class I ...
Characterization of Cytosolic Cyclophilin from Guard Cells of Vicia
... This property of CyP has led to the extensive study towards elucidating the cellular function of calcineurin in animals. CyPs have peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity that is inhibited by CsA and catalyze refolding of some denatured proteins indicating that CyPs are involved in protein fold ...
... This property of CyP has led to the extensive study towards elucidating the cellular function of calcineurin in animals. CyPs have peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity that is inhibited by CsA and catalyze refolding of some denatured proteins indicating that CyPs are involved in protein fold ...
Augmin Plays a Critical Role in Organizing the
... complex has been isolated from human cells for its role in centrosome-independent MT generation in spindles and chromosome segregation (Lawo et al., 2009; Uehara et al., 2009; Hutchins et al., 2010). Augmin and the g-tubulin complex appear to interact via the WD40 repeat protein NEDD1/GCP-WD (Zhu et ...
... complex has been isolated from human cells for its role in centrosome-independent MT generation in spindles and chromosome segregation (Lawo et al., 2009; Uehara et al., 2009; Hutchins et al., 2010). Augmin and the g-tubulin complex appear to interact via the WD40 repeat protein NEDD1/GCP-WD (Zhu et ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).