Symmetry, asymmetry, and the cell cycle in plants: known knowns
... intracellular components are organized in an asymmetric manner in the mother cell (Horvitz and Herskowitz, 1992; Petricka et al., 2009). The molecular mechanisms that control the asymmetry of cell divisions have been hypothesized to be tightly coupled to cell cycle timing and progression (Zhong, 200 ...
... intracellular components are organized in an asymmetric manner in the mother cell (Horvitz and Herskowitz, 1992; Petricka et al., 2009). The molecular mechanisms that control the asymmetry of cell divisions have been hypothesized to be tightly coupled to cell cycle timing and progression (Zhong, 200 ...
Autophagy_Marc
... cellular components through the actions of lysosomes . The breakdown of cellular components promotes cellular survival during starvation by maintaining cellular energy levels. Autophagy allows the degradation and recycling of cellular components. During this process, targeted cytoplasmic constituent ...
... cellular components through the actions of lysosomes . The breakdown of cellular components promotes cellular survival during starvation by maintaining cellular energy levels. Autophagy allows the degradation and recycling of cellular components. During this process, targeted cytoplasmic constituent ...
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function Multiple
... A) It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria. B) The patientʹs red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells. C) The patientʹs red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the ce ...
... A) It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria. B) The patientʹs red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells. C) The patientʹs red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the ce ...
The yeast integral membrane protein Apq12 potentially links
... microscopy. Many ER proteins are present in the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) because the two are continuous. Therefore, we assayed for nuclear membrane deformities by examining the distribution of a GFP fusion to Sec63, a resident ER protein (Prinz et al., 2000), and also by staining live cells with ...
... microscopy. Many ER proteins are present in the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) because the two are continuous. Therefore, we assayed for nuclear membrane deformities by examining the distribution of a GFP fusion to Sec63, a resident ER protein (Prinz et al., 2000), and also by staining live cells with ...
Toll-like receptor signaling in cell proliferation and survival
... and TNFa, indicating that other MAP3Ks are involved [52]. Indeed, MEKK3 [48] is required for LPS inducible JNK–p38 and NF-jB activation as well as IL-6 production [48]. MEKK3 deficient cells fail to respond to TLR4 stimulation and show delayed and weak NF-jB DNA binding activity [48]. Another MAP3K, ...
... and TNFa, indicating that other MAP3Ks are involved [52]. Indeed, MEKK3 [48] is required for LPS inducible JNK–p38 and NF-jB activation as well as IL-6 production [48]. MEKK3 deficient cells fail to respond to TLR4 stimulation and show delayed and weak NF-jB DNA binding activity [48]. Another MAP3K, ...
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
... Higher plant cells, like animal cells, display two basic PM-associated cytoskeletal systems which support two alternative modes of growth – tip growth and diffuse growth. For the F-actin-supported peripheral cytoskeleton of animal cells Vasiliev (1987[217]) coined the term “actinoplasm” whereas that ...
... Higher plant cells, like animal cells, display two basic PM-associated cytoskeletal systems which support two alternative modes of growth – tip growth and diffuse growth. For the F-actin-supported peripheral cytoskeleton of animal cells Vasiliev (1987[217]) coined the term “actinoplasm” whereas that ...
Muscle tissues
... Muscle tissues Structure We know that living organisms can move on their own or can perform other types of movement. Muscle tissue has a ability to relax and contrast and so bring about movement and mechanical work in various parts of the body. There are other movements in the body too which are nec ...
... Muscle tissues Structure We know that living organisms can move on their own or can perform other types of movement. Muscle tissue has a ability to relax and contrast and so bring about movement and mechanical work in various parts of the body. There are other movements in the body too which are nec ...
Accurate Cell Division in E. Coli: How Does a Bacterium Know
... • How are low copy number plasmids segregated in bacteria? • Often through oscillatory dynamics of ParABC system • Without oscillations plasmids are not segregated • Somehow Par oscillations generate force that moves plasmids! ...
... • How are low copy number plasmids segregated in bacteria? • Often through oscillatory dynamics of ParABC system • Without oscillations plasmids are not segregated • Somehow Par oscillations generate force that moves plasmids! ...
Molecular sieving properties of the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli and
... inside living cells and thus increases reaction rates (Ellis, 2001; Batra et al., 2009). The crowding also slows diffusion of molecules, which will decrease reaction rates that are limited by diffusion. Because many biological reactions are often characterized in vitro at very low concentrations (ha ...
... inside living cells and thus increases reaction rates (Ellis, 2001; Batra et al., 2009). The crowding also slows diffusion of molecules, which will decrease reaction rates that are limited by diffusion. Because many biological reactions are often characterized in vitro at very low concentrations (ha ...
Tung Tree DGAT1 and DGAT2 Have Nonredundant Functions in
... catalyzing the committed step: the transfer of a fatty acyl moiety from acyl-CoA to the sn-3 position of diacylglycerol (Kennedy, 1961). As such, DGAT plays an essential role in controlling both the quantitative (Ichihara et al., 1988) and qualitative (Vogel and Browse, 1996; He et al., 2004a) flux ...
... catalyzing the committed step: the transfer of a fatty acyl moiety from acyl-CoA to the sn-3 position of diacylglycerol (Kennedy, 1961). As such, DGAT plays an essential role in controlling both the quantitative (Ichihara et al., 1988) and qualitative (Vogel and Browse, 1996; He et al., 2004a) flux ...
programmed cell death in plant
... exchange (2, 5), processes that may be involved in signaling (see below). Finally, most characterized resistance responses are accompanied by rapid cell death of the infected cells and to a limited degree the neighboring cells. This rapid cell death is termed the hypersensitive response (HR). Someti ...
... exchange (2, 5), processes that may be involved in signaling (see below). Finally, most characterized resistance responses are accompanied by rapid cell death of the infected cells and to a limited degree the neighboring cells. This rapid cell death is termed the hypersensitive response (HR). Someti ...
Hyaluronidase enhances the activity of Adriamycin in breast cancer
... cultured cells, hyaluronate can influence mitosis, cell differentiation and proliferation in a complex way. Hyaluronic acid is considered to inhibit differentiation and to promote cell proliferation instead (Decker et al. 1989). Prehm (1990) discussed the observation that high-molecular-mass hyaluro ...
... cultured cells, hyaluronate can influence mitosis, cell differentiation and proliferation in a complex way. Hyaluronic acid is considered to inhibit differentiation and to promote cell proliferation instead (Decker et al. 1989). Prehm (1990) discussed the observation that high-molecular-mass hyaluro ...
plant cell biology in the new millennium: new tools and new
... Confocal microscopy—Confocal microscopy is proving to be one of the most exciting advances in optical microscopy of the last century. Although conventional wide-field epifluorescence microscopy has been a powerful tool for locating specific molecular components of the cell, it suffers from the probl ...
... Confocal microscopy—Confocal microscopy is proving to be one of the most exciting advances in optical microscopy of the last century. Although conventional wide-field epifluorescence microscopy has been a powerful tool for locating specific molecular components of the cell, it suffers from the probl ...
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Tubular Structure of Vacuolar
... of the intracellular volume of most higher plant cells, and over 90% of the cell volume in mature tissues. The space-filling properties and solutes of vacuoles therefore play an important role in the growth and morphogenesis of higher plants. During the rapid growth of higher plants, for example, in ...
... of the intracellular volume of most higher plant cells, and over 90% of the cell volume in mature tissues. The space-filling properties and solutes of vacuoles therefore play an important role in the growth and morphogenesis of higher plants. During the rapid growth of higher plants, for example, in ...
Regulation by Polyamines of Ornithine
... Because exogenous polyamines affected ODC activity (Table II; Fig. 1D), the spermine-induced cell cycle arrest might be caused by a lack of putrescine and/or spermidine. Comparative analyses of the intracellular polyamine levels in spermine-treated and -untreated cultures revealed that spermine caus ...
... Because exogenous polyamines affected ODC activity (Table II; Fig. 1D), the spermine-induced cell cycle arrest might be caused by a lack of putrescine and/or spermidine. Comparative analyses of the intracellular polyamine levels in spermine-treated and -untreated cultures revealed that spermine caus ...
pdf: Wu et al. 2010
... Therefore, although all eukaryotic species examined use separase to cleave cohesin at anaphase onset, species appear to differ in how separase activity is regulated and to what extent the protein has acquired other functions. Separase is an essential gene; therefore, studies of separase lossof-funct ...
... Therefore, although all eukaryotic species examined use separase to cleave cohesin at anaphase onset, species appear to differ in how separase activity is regulated and to what extent the protein has acquired other functions. Separase is an essential gene; therefore, studies of separase lossof-funct ...
A conditional mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana
... Therefore, although all eukaryotic species examined use separase to cleave cohesin at anaphase onset, species appear to differ in how separase activity is regulated and to what extent the protein has acquired other functions. Separase is an essential gene; therefore, studies of separase lossof-funct ...
... Therefore, although all eukaryotic species examined use separase to cleave cohesin at anaphase onset, species appear to differ in how separase activity is regulated and to what extent the protein has acquired other functions. Separase is an essential gene; therefore, studies of separase lossof-funct ...
Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Dopaminergic
... Key words: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); Dopaminergic neuron-like cells (DA neuron-like cells); Differentiate ...
... Key words: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); Dopaminergic neuron-like cells (DA neuron-like cells); Differentiate ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).