Stochastic Responses May Allow Genetically Diverse Cell
... stimulate T cells weakly than strongly, as noted above [6,17]. Therefore, the expected cost of activating for very weak stimuli is higher than for very strong stimuli. For simplicity, we initially assume the expected cost for activation is a strictly decreasing function of the stimulus strength x, w ...
... stimulate T cells weakly than strongly, as noted above [6,17]. Therefore, the expected cost of activating for very weak stimuli is higher than for very strong stimuli. For simplicity, we initially assume the expected cost for activation is a strictly decreasing function of the stimulus strength x, w ...
6 December 2009
... 45 – 65 nm was formed by HEK293 cells grown on oxide surfaces coated by collagen (Straub et al. 2001) or 70 + 10 for HEK293 cells grown on fibronectincoated substrates (Brittinger & Fromherz 2005). A recent systematic study of the cleft width formed by HEK293 cells using thin sections prepared for tr ...
... 45 – 65 nm was formed by HEK293 cells grown on oxide surfaces coated by collagen (Straub et al. 2001) or 70 + 10 for HEK293 cells grown on fibronectincoated substrates (Brittinger & Fromherz 2005). A recent systematic study of the cleft width formed by HEK293 cells using thin sections prepared for tr ...
DNA Methylation Profiles Define Stem Cell Identity and
... depends on the establishment of an epigenetic cellular memory that puts stable lineage barriers in place. Lineage restriction coincides temporally with the acquisition of an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation, in that the ICM is globally hypermethylated compared to the TE [15]. DNA methylati ...
... depends on the establishment of an epigenetic cellular memory that puts stable lineage barriers in place. Lineage restriction coincides temporally with the acquisition of an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation, in that the ICM is globally hypermethylated compared to the TE [15]. DNA methylati ...
Come in and take your coat off how host cells
... the underlying actin cytoskeleton and the crowded cytoplasm, and (iii) vesicular trafficking provides access to intracellular organelles that allow viruses to ‘sense’ their environment by gradually changing conditions such as pH, redox environment and presence of specific proteases. For activation o ...
... the underlying actin cytoskeleton and the crowded cytoplasm, and (iii) vesicular trafficking provides access to intracellular organelles that allow viruses to ‘sense’ their environment by gradually changing conditions such as pH, redox environment and presence of specific proteases. For activation o ...
Analysis of Cell Divisions Patterns in the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical
... into 2D space. Since the meristem is dome-shaped, when projecting the meristem from the top the cells in the center are viewed perpendicularly while the cells towards the edges are viewed at an angle. This non-perpendicular viewing angle distorts the lengths of the cell walls and the angles at which ...
... into 2D space. Since the meristem is dome-shaped, when projecting the meristem from the top the cells in the center are viewed perpendicularly while the cells towards the edges are viewed at an angle. This non-perpendicular viewing angle distorts the lengths of the cell walls and the angles at which ...
Control of the Plant Cell Cycle by Developmental
... (Received March 9, 2012; Accepted April 25, 2012) ...
... (Received March 9, 2012; Accepted April 25, 2012) ...
The trans-Golgi network GRIP-domain proteins form α
... are predicted to adopt a rod-like or extended fibrous structure. Members of the family of coiled-coil proteins specifically located on the Golgi (termed golgins), such as p115 and GM130, have been shown to be important as tethering molecules and in the biogenesis of membranes of the Golgi stack [1–5 ...
... are predicted to adopt a rod-like or extended fibrous structure. Members of the family of coiled-coil proteins specifically located on the Golgi (termed golgins), such as p115 and GM130, have been shown to be important as tethering molecules and in the biogenesis of membranes of the Golgi stack [1–5 ...
Division Cycle in Yeast
... terdependence of events in the cycle. interval between previous cytokinesis and We shall discuss the conclusions that initiation of DNA synthesis; S, period of synthesis; G2, time between DNA can be derived from the mutant pheno- DNA synthesis and onset of mitosis; and M, the types in the context of ...
... terdependence of events in the cycle. interval between previous cytokinesis and We shall discuss the conclusions that initiation of DNA synthesis; S, period of synthesis; G2, time between DNA can be derived from the mutant pheno- DNA synthesis and onset of mitosis; and M, the types in the context of ...
Physcomitrella Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A Links
... The results from flow cytometry and microphotometry consistently imply that gametophore blade cells are arrested in G2. However, unexpectedly, in cells induced to reprogram, but before cytokinesis, we found that 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) was incorporated in leaf cell nuclei (Figures 1H to 1L). ...
... The results from flow cytometry and microphotometry consistently imply that gametophore blade cells are arrested in G2. However, unexpectedly, in cells induced to reprogram, but before cytokinesis, we found that 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) was incorporated in leaf cell nuclei (Figures 1H to 1L). ...
Carr_Flagellum.pps
... A flagellum is on the end of every sperm cell Without a flagellum sperm would not be able to fertilize an egg ...
... A flagellum is on the end of every sperm cell Without a flagellum sperm would not be able to fertilize an egg ...
Nuclear centering in Spirogyra
... and MTs in the scaold was visualized by ¯uorescent tagging either in situ or after gentle rupture of previously ®xed cells. Materials and methods Plant material. Spirogyra crassa was cultured in MXS (NeuschelerWirth 1970) as described by Grolig (1990). Non-dividing cells with a length/width ratio > ...
... and MTs in the scaold was visualized by ¯uorescent tagging either in situ or after gentle rupture of previously ®xed cells. Materials and methods Plant material. Spirogyra crassa was cultured in MXS (NeuschelerWirth 1970) as described by Grolig (1990). Non-dividing cells with a length/width ratio > ...
Tackling Unwanted Proteolysis in Plant Production Hosts Used for
... Because plant genomes encode several hundred proteolytic enzymes (van der Hoorn, 2008), it is challenging to identify the protease(s) that are responsible for the degradation of a given recombinant protein. It has been demonstrated that the proteolytic processing of the heavy chain of the human (IgG ...
... Because plant genomes encode several hundred proteolytic enzymes (van der Hoorn, 2008), it is challenging to identify the protease(s) that are responsible for the degradation of a given recombinant protein. It has been demonstrated that the proteolytic processing of the heavy chain of the human (IgG ...
d. Ora serrata
... morphological, biochemical, functional characteristics. What’s this process called? a. Differentiating b. Capacitating c. Reception d. Determination e. Adhesion In the process of acquiring morphological, biochemical, functional characteristics by the cells, they are limited in development opportunit ...
... morphological, biochemical, functional characteristics. What’s this process called? a. Differentiating b. Capacitating c. Reception d. Determination e. Adhesion In the process of acquiring morphological, biochemical, functional characteristics by the cells, they are limited in development opportunit ...
Title of the Project Cellular and molecular mechanisms of ozone
... be involved in the action mechanism of ozone therapy since they can induce epigenetic changes in gene or protein expression, which persist over time and play important regulatory roles in a variety of biological processes (8). The use of in vitro systems will ensure controlled and easily reproducibl ...
... be involved in the action mechanism of ozone therapy since they can induce epigenetic changes in gene or protein expression, which persist over time and play important regulatory roles in a variety of biological processes (8). The use of in vitro systems will ensure controlled and easily reproducibl ...
Molecular identification of 26 syntaxin genes and
... Characteristics of Paramecium syntaxins On the basis of the Paramecium sequencing project of the macronucleus (27), we were able to identify and annotate 26 syntaxin coding sequences by manual assembly of single reads during the early steps of the genome project, which were deposited at European Mol ...
... Characteristics of Paramecium syntaxins On the basis of the Paramecium sequencing project of the macronucleus (27), we were able to identify and annotate 26 syntaxin coding sequences by manual assembly of single reads during the early steps of the genome project, which were deposited at European Mol ...
microbiology-1st-edition-wessner-test-bank
... Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Explain how complex protein structures on the bacterial cell surface allow for motility and interaction with the environment. Section Reference: Section 2.5 The bacterial cell surface 48) In the scientific name Bacillus cereus, the term Bacillus represents the organism’s _ ...
... Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Explain how complex protein structures on the bacterial cell surface allow for motility and interaction with the environment. Section Reference: Section 2.5 The bacterial cell surface 48) In the scientific name Bacillus cereus, the term Bacillus represents the organism’s _ ...
D:Int Agrophysics -2Cybulskacybulska.vp - Research
... scouring off a part of cross-linking substances like hemicelluloses, ions or protein (Fig. 3a). More wavy structure of the fibrils of FAT material (Fig. 3b) can be an effect of using ethanol as a component of fixing mixture. Ethanol causes shrinking tissue cells and it can effect deformation of cell ...
... scouring off a part of cross-linking substances like hemicelluloses, ions or protein (Fig. 3a). More wavy structure of the fibrils of FAT material (Fig. 3b) can be an effect of using ethanol as a component of fixing mixture. Ethanol causes shrinking tissue cells and it can effect deformation of cell ...
Single-Cell Isolation and Gene Analysis: Pitfalls and
... when bound to DNA. However, the use of novel dyes were already beginning to make their way by the mid-1990s. One of these dyes was SYBR green I, which greatly improved sensitivity [43–45]. Whereas 7000 ng of 40-basepair DNA is needed to give a visible signal on a gel using EtBr, less than 14 ng is n ...
... when bound to DNA. However, the use of novel dyes were already beginning to make their way by the mid-1990s. One of these dyes was SYBR green I, which greatly improved sensitivity [43–45]. Whereas 7000 ng of 40-basepair DNA is needed to give a visible signal on a gel using EtBr, less than 14 ng is n ...
KRP3A and KRP3B: Candidate Motors in Spermatid Maturation in
... including structural support of germ cells as well as positioning spermatids within the epithelium. Molecular motors perform important functions in many types of intracellular motility and are specialized to perform tasks ranging from chromosome segregation to vesicle transport (reviewed in [1–3]). ...
... including structural support of germ cells as well as positioning spermatids within the epithelium. Molecular motors perform important functions in many types of intracellular motility and are specialized to perform tasks ranging from chromosome segregation to vesicle transport (reviewed in [1–3]). ...
Boronophenyl analogs of phospholyrosines
... the production and secretion of extracellular matrix compo nents; prevent viral infection and/or viral-mediated trans formation of cells; and to inhibit the proliferation of trans ...
... the production and secretion of extracellular matrix compo nents; prevent viral infection and/or viral-mediated trans formation of cells; and to inhibit the proliferation of trans ...
ARF1 and SAR1 GTPases in Endomembrane Trafficking in Plants
... transport (anterograde transport and/or retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER) [15,16]. It was assumed that two types of COPI-coated vesicles form at the Golgi apparatus level containing anterograde or retrograde cargo (KDEL receptor) and low amounts of Golgi enzymes [17]. Martinez-Menarguez ...
... transport (anterograde transport and/or retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER) [15,16]. It was assumed that two types of COPI-coated vesicles form at the Golgi apparatus level containing anterograde or retrograde cargo (KDEL receptor) and low amounts of Golgi enzymes [17]. Martinez-Menarguez ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).