Ch 9 modified
... • Key Concepts (1): – The Golgi apparatus is organized into discrete compartments called cisternae. The cisternae are stacked on top of one another, and are classified as cis, medial, or trans according to their relative location within the overall Golgi structure. – Golgi-resident proteins are prim ...
... • Key Concepts (1): – The Golgi apparatus is organized into discrete compartments called cisternae. The cisternae are stacked on top of one another, and are classified as cis, medial, or trans according to their relative location within the overall Golgi structure. – Golgi-resident proteins are prim ...
Quantification of gap junction selectivity
... To understand why the mammalian genome includes 20 or more connexin genes, the functional differences between the gap junctions that they form must be appreciated. Since their discovery, much has been learned about gap junctions in a broad sense, but their functional and regulatory differences are s ...
... To understand why the mammalian genome includes 20 or more connexin genes, the functional differences between the gap junctions that they form must be appreciated. Since their discovery, much has been learned about gap junctions in a broad sense, but their functional and regulatory differences are s ...
PERSPECTIVE
... body plans. Animals use concentration gradients of signals termed morphogens for tissue patterning, but whether they are also used by plants is unclear. Here we compare and contrast the plant hormone auxin with animal morphogens, and speculate as to whether plants have independently evolved similar ...
... body plans. Animals use concentration gradients of signals termed morphogens for tissue patterning, but whether they are also used by plants is unclear. Here we compare and contrast the plant hormone auxin with animal morphogens, and speculate as to whether plants have independently evolved similar ...
Newly Synthesized Catalytic and Regulatory Components of
... e.g., express adenylate cyclase (AC); (2) CAMP levels in the cell are sufficient to activate protein kinases; (3) such activated protein kinase causes protein phosphorylation. This study examines the first of these questions by analyzing at what stage of development of cultured sympathetic neurons t ...
... e.g., express adenylate cyclase (AC); (2) CAMP levels in the cell are sufficient to activate protein kinases; (3) such activated protein kinase causes protein phosphorylation. This study examines the first of these questions by analyzing at what stage of development of cultured sympathetic neurons t ...
Naive T cell homeostasis: from awareness of space to a
... of neonatal mice) or following various immune insults, but it presents a hurdle for understanding the signals that support T cell homeostasis under steady-state, non-lymphopenic conditions. The relative ability of T cell clones to proliferate in response to IL-7- and self-peptide–MHC-mediated signal ...
... of neonatal mice) or following various immune insults, but it presents a hurdle for understanding the signals that support T cell homeostasis under steady-state, non-lymphopenic conditions. The relative ability of T cell clones to proliferate in response to IL-7- and self-peptide–MHC-mediated signal ...
Hyperproduction of Exocellular Levansucrase by
... molecules of sucrose are necessary to convert the controlling element (repressor or receptor) into the form which facilitates levansucrase formation. Such a cooperative interaction between inducer and controlling element has been found for several induced systems (Yagil, 1983). Distribution of'lei3a ...
... molecules of sucrose are necessary to convert the controlling element (repressor or receptor) into the form which facilitates levansucrase formation. Such a cooperative interaction between inducer and controlling element has been found for several induced systems (Yagil, 1983). Distribution of'lei3a ...
Cell-cycle regulation
... The cdk-4 Cdk4/6 kinase and cyd-1 D-type cyclin genes are required for progression through G1 phase during larval development (Boxem and van den Heuvel, 2001; Park and Krause, 1999). CYD-1 and CDK-4 likely act in complex, as indicated by their direct interaction in vitro and close similarity in null ...
... The cdk-4 Cdk4/6 kinase and cyd-1 D-type cyclin genes are required for progression through G1 phase during larval development (Boxem and van den Heuvel, 2001; Park and Krause, 1999). CYD-1 and CDK-4 likely act in complex, as indicated by their direct interaction in vitro and close similarity in null ...
Perspectives in the Coordinate Regulation of Cell Cycle Events in
... the cell event carry out uniquely different task. Regulatory mechanisms must exist to coordinate the appearances of the functionally unrelated cell events at specific time and space. Furthermore, the regulatory factors must be light responsive entities. What are the genetic mechanisms that are able ...
... the cell event carry out uniquely different task. Regulatory mechanisms must exist to coordinate the appearances of the functionally unrelated cell events at specific time and space. Furthermore, the regulatory factors must be light responsive entities. What are the genetic mechanisms that are able ...
Living together in biofilms: the microbial cell factory and its
... In biofilms intended for industrial applications (biofilm reactors), microbial cells are fixed on different supports by adsorption, entrapment, or covalent bond formation. Adsorption uses the natural ability of bacterial cells to adhere to a support (such as charcoal, resin, vermiculite, sand partic ...
... In biofilms intended for industrial applications (biofilm reactors), microbial cells are fixed on different supports by adsorption, entrapment, or covalent bond formation. Adsorption uses the natural ability of bacterial cells to adhere to a support (such as charcoal, resin, vermiculite, sand partic ...
Cell shape and plasma membrane alterations after - An
... al. 1992); iii) intracellular calcium signaling (Lyle et al. 1997). A possible interference of static MFs with the apoptotic process has been reported as well, showing an increase of cell survival by both inhibiting apoptosis via modulation of capacitative Ca2+ influx (Fanelli et al. 1999), and alte ...
... al. 1992); iii) intracellular calcium signaling (Lyle et al. 1997). A possible interference of static MFs with the apoptotic process has been reported as well, showing an increase of cell survival by both inhibiting apoptosis via modulation of capacitative Ca2+ influx (Fanelli et al. 1999), and alte ...
Cell Cycle-specific Effects of Tumor Necrosis
... progression through various phases of the cell cycle were studied indicate that in the presence of TNF cells do progress through G2, although with considerable delay, and reach mitosis. Most cells die (undergo lysis) specifically at late stages of mitosis (telophase) or soon after cytokinesis. Sensi ...
... progression through various phases of the cell cycle were studied indicate that in the presence of TNF cells do progress through G2, although with considerable delay, and reach mitosis. Most cells die (undergo lysis) specifically at late stages of mitosis (telophase) or soon after cytokinesis. Sensi ...
Dendritic Cell Development in Long
... Marker combinations have been identified which can distinguish Langerhans cells, thymic lymphoid DCs, plasmacytoid DCs, and the distinct populations of myeloid CD8a+ and CD8a– DCs. Definition of the functional capacity of the many known DC subsets lags behind phenotypic definition. Furthermore, the ...
... Marker combinations have been identified which can distinguish Langerhans cells, thymic lymphoid DCs, plasmacytoid DCs, and the distinct populations of myeloid CD8a+ and CD8a– DCs. Definition of the functional capacity of the many known DC subsets lags behind phenotypic definition. Furthermore, the ...
PDF
... The study of development concerns itself with some of the most daunting and conceptually difficult problems in biology. How do specialized cells and tissues differentiate from their more simple progenitors during embryonic development and become organized into a three-dimensional architectural frame ...
... The study of development concerns itself with some of the most daunting and conceptually difficult problems in biology. How do specialized cells and tissues differentiate from their more simple progenitors during embryonic development and become organized into a three-dimensional architectural frame ...
Opposite Effects of Tor1 and Tor2 on Nitrogen Starvation
... et al. 2000; Long et al. 2002; Gangloff et al. 2004; Murakami et al. 2004). In higher eukaryotes, TOR proteins are negatively regulated by the TSC1–TSC2 heterodimer. Mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2 cause a human syndrome, known as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), which is characterized by benign t ...
... et al. 2000; Long et al. 2002; Gangloff et al. 2004; Murakami et al. 2004). In higher eukaryotes, TOR proteins are negatively regulated by the TSC1–TSC2 heterodimer. Mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2 cause a human syndrome, known as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), which is characterized by benign t ...
A DNA damage checkpoint pathway coordinates the
... Dikaryon cell division, also called conjugate division, represents a big challenge to the cell since it has to ensure that each daughter dikaryon inherits a balance of each parental genome. For that, a complex cell cycle is required that involves distinct mechanisms to maintain heterokaryosis after ...
... Dikaryon cell division, also called conjugate division, represents a big challenge to the cell since it has to ensure that each daughter dikaryon inherits a balance of each parental genome. For that, a complex cell cycle is required that involves distinct mechanisms to maintain heterokaryosis after ...
Next-generation proteomics: towards an integrative view of
... ion-exchange chromatography and fractionation based on peptide isoelectric point. More recent developments include the use of stationary phases, such as hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)147, which can be efficiently miniaturized to obtain a high sensitivity148. • Further reductio ...
... ion-exchange chromatography and fractionation based on peptide isoelectric point. More recent developments include the use of stationary phases, such as hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)147, which can be efficiently miniaturized to obtain a high sensitivity148. • Further reductio ...
Relating the mechanics of the primary plant cell
... that constitutes <10% of primary cell walls in eudicots and is found in all vascular plants. RG-II is a highly complex structure with a HG backbone and (A–D) substituted side chains of oligosaccharides. Borate cross-links apiosyl residues in side chain A of RG-II monomers and forms apiose–borate– ap ...
... that constitutes <10% of primary cell walls in eudicots and is found in all vascular plants. RG-II is a highly complex structure with a HG backbone and (A–D) substituted side chains of oligosaccharides. Borate cross-links apiosyl residues in side chain A of RG-II monomers and forms apiose–borate– ap ...
Glutamine breakdown in rapidly dividing cells: waste or investment?
... expressed EAAT2/GLT is toxic to U251 glioma cells as well as to undifferentiated primary astrocytes.(41) In cancer cells other than those derived from the brain, dicarboxylic amino acid transport is poorly characterized. Although a defective transport of glutamate/aspartate via EAAT seems to be a tr ...
... expressed EAAT2/GLT is toxic to U251 glioma cells as well as to undifferentiated primary astrocytes.(41) In cancer cells other than those derived from the brain, dicarboxylic amino acid transport is poorly characterized. Although a defective transport of glutamate/aspartate via EAAT seems to be a tr ...
bacterial cell shape - Jacobs-Wagner Lab
... guidance of something new, whereas maintenance refers to the preservation of something previously determined. In the case of a poured-concrete wall, its shape is determined by wooden formwork when the concrete is poured, but is maintained not by the formwork but by the cured concrete itself. Once ha ...
... guidance of something new, whereas maintenance refers to the preservation of something previously determined. In the case of a poured-concrete wall, its shape is determined by wooden formwork when the concrete is poured, but is maintained not by the formwork but by the cured concrete itself. Once ha ...
Regulation of the Discs Large Tumor Suppressor by a
... role in APC-mediated cell cycle arrest (21). Indeed, mutant APC proteins that are no longer able to bind hDlg appear to be less effective in this respect. We have shown previously that in differentiated epithelial cells, hDlg protein accumulates upon cell-cell contact, being rapidly degraded by the ...
... role in APC-mediated cell cycle arrest (21). Indeed, mutant APC proteins that are no longer able to bind hDlg appear to be less effective in this respect. We have shown previously that in differentiated epithelial cells, hDlg protein accumulates upon cell-cell contact, being rapidly degraded by the ...
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
... on insect ovarian cells which had been caused to express two different mammalian MT-associated proteins, MAP2 and tau (46). When the cells expressed MAP2, the distance (as seen in cross-sections) between MTs in the induced cytoplasmic processes was ca 65 nm, but when tau was expressed the inter-MT d ...
... on insect ovarian cells which had been caused to express two different mammalian MT-associated proteins, MAP2 and tau (46). When the cells expressed MAP2, the distance (as seen in cross-sections) between MTs in the induced cytoplasmic processes was ca 65 nm, but when tau was expressed the inter-MT d ...
Networks Inferred from Biochemical Data Reveal Profound
... Reliability of Signaling Data and Derived Maps Two issues arise when comparing established cell lines with donorderived primary cells: (i) experiment-experiment and donor-donor variability and (ii) the purity of the primary cell preparations. To address the first issue, replicated assays of HepG2 ce ...
... Reliability of Signaling Data and Derived Maps Two issues arise when comparing established cell lines with donorderived primary cells: (i) experiment-experiment and donor-donor variability and (ii) the purity of the primary cell preparations. To address the first issue, replicated assays of HepG2 ce ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).