Effect of Butyric Acid on Lung-colonizing Ability
... than 280 HIM DMSO in enhancing the lung-colonizing ability of P-29 cells. Therefore, butyric acid is effective at less than twohundredths the effective concentration of DMSO. The morphol ogies of untreated, DMSO-treated, and butyric acid-treated P29 cells are shown in Fig. 3 a, c, and e, respectivel ...
... than 280 HIM DMSO in enhancing the lung-colonizing ability of P-29 cells. Therefore, butyric acid is effective at less than twohundredths the effective concentration of DMSO. The morphol ogies of untreated, DMSO-treated, and butyric acid-treated P29 cells are shown in Fig. 3 a, c, and e, respectivel ...
View Full Page PDF - The American Biology Teacher
... morphological and functional features of undifferentiated stem cells can be defined by gene expression activities. The activation and repression of genes is a finely regulated molecular choreography involving transcription factors, i.e., molecules that bind DNA. For instance, we now know that the pl ...
... morphological and functional features of undifferentiated stem cells can be defined by gene expression activities. The activation and repression of genes is a finely regulated molecular choreography involving transcription factors, i.e., molecules that bind DNA. For instance, we now know that the pl ...
Spermatogonial Stem Cell and TGF-β involved Regulation of
... primitive cells which self-renew and have the ability to differentiate into one or more other cell types (6). Nowadays, it is clear that there are two stem cells: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells (1). Adult stem cells are self-renewing in specific tissues and organs, while at the same time ...
... primitive cells which self-renew and have the ability to differentiate into one or more other cell types (6). Nowadays, it is clear that there are two stem cells: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells (1). Adult stem cells are self-renewing in specific tissues and organs, while at the same time ...
Primary cell wall composition of pteridophytes and spermatophytes
... Early cells evolved in an aqueous environment and the primary cell wall (PCW) evolved as a strategy for coping with the associated osmotic problems (Gerhart & Kirschner, 1997). The PCW has become one of the defining characteristics of plants, many of which now live in a terrestrial environment. The ...
... Early cells evolved in an aqueous environment and the primary cell wall (PCW) evolved as a strategy for coping with the associated osmotic problems (Gerhart & Kirschner, 1997). The PCW has become one of the defining characteristics of plants, many of which now live in a terrestrial environment. The ...
Copyright Information of the Article Published Online TITLE Dynamic
... correlated with MF differentiation[23]. However, interferonfactor (bFGF), prostaglandin E2, and high cell density inhibit the differentiation of protofibroblasts to MFs[20]. After activation, MFs initiate the synthesis of a new collagencontaining matrix that consists proteoglycans and glycosaminogly ...
... correlated with MF differentiation[23]. However, interferonfactor (bFGF), prostaglandin E2, and high cell density inhibit the differentiation of protofibroblasts to MFs[20]. After activation, MFs initiate the synthesis of a new collagencontaining matrix that consists proteoglycans and glycosaminogly ...
IUG - CELL BIO - E
... Cell membranes are very thin structures, about 5 to 10 nm thick, and can only be seen with the electron microscope. The freeze-etching technique has been used to cleave membranes down the center of the lipid bilayer, splitting them in half and exposing the interior. In this way it has been discover ...
... Cell membranes are very thin structures, about 5 to 10 nm thick, and can only be seen with the electron microscope. The freeze-etching technique has been used to cleave membranes down the center of the lipid bilayer, splitting them in half and exposing the interior. In this way it has been discover ...
Chapter 4
... – Observation: Bacteria use a protein called PSM to disable human immune cells by forming holes in the plasma membrane. – Question: Does PSM play a role in MRSA ...
... – Observation: Bacteria use a protein called PSM to disable human immune cells by forming holes in the plasma membrane. – Question: Does PSM play a role in MRSA ...
Mitochondrial behaviour throughout the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma
... Morphological changes in the mitochondrion of extracellular tachyzoites. Most previously available imaging of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in live T. gondii utilized a matrix marker whereby the leader sequence of mitochondrial HSP60 is fused to the red fluorescent protein and the resulting ...
... Morphological changes in the mitochondrion of extracellular tachyzoites. Most previously available imaging of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in live T. gondii utilized a matrix marker whereby the leader sequence of mitochondrial HSP60 is fused to the red fluorescent protein and the resulting ...
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
... • Centrioles – Centrioles consist of two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other and are ...
... • Centrioles – Centrioles consist of two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other and are ...
Genome-wide gene expression in uro mutant
... and developmental processes and the uro mutant demonstrated several auxin defective phenotypes (Guo et al. 2004), it is possible that the altered expression levels of other hormone related genes may be caused by an indirect effect. Our data also revealed the altered expression levels of cell cycle a ...
... and developmental processes and the uro mutant demonstrated several auxin defective phenotypes (Guo et al. 2004), it is possible that the altered expression levels of other hormone related genes may be caused by an indirect effect. Our data also revealed the altered expression levels of cell cycle a ...
A Biological Overview of the Cell Cycle and its Response to Osmotic
... 2.2 The Cell Cycle of S. Cerevisiae 2.2.1 Principles of the Budding Yeast Cell Division In budding yeast, S. cerevisiae, the cell cycle is controlled by a robust molecular network, which consists of more than 800 genes [46]. Note that the G2 phase in S. cerevisiae is usually very short compared to t ...
... 2.2 The Cell Cycle of S. Cerevisiae 2.2.1 Principles of the Budding Yeast Cell Division In budding yeast, S. cerevisiae, the cell cycle is controlled by a robust molecular network, which consists of more than 800 genes [46]. Note that the G2 phase in S. cerevisiae is usually very short compared to t ...
Expression and function of cell adhesion molecules during neural
... The cadherin superfamily is divided into subfamilies, and of these, type I and type II ...
... The cadherin superfamily is divided into subfamilies, and of these, type I and type II ...
Recruiting Coreceptors to the T Cell Receptor Complex
... revealing that CD8-MHC class I interaction has much (100-fold) lower affinity than the TCR-pMHC interaction, consistent with measurements of the solution or 3D affinity (van der Merwe and Davis, 2003). This indicates that CD8 binding to MHC class I is minimal at the usual surface densities of CD8 an ...
... revealing that CD8-MHC class I interaction has much (100-fold) lower affinity than the TCR-pMHC interaction, consistent with measurements of the solution or 3D affinity (van der Merwe and Davis, 2003). This indicates that CD8 binding to MHC class I is minimal at the usual surface densities of CD8 an ...
The Expression of MHC Class II Genes in Macrophages Is Cell
... could also affect the translational apparatus and regulate in a CCD way the translation of several genes (7, 8). Therefore, there are genes induced in a CCD fashion that are not involved in cell cycle progression. This is the case of genes that control some cellular activities. For example, it has b ...
... could also affect the translational apparatus and regulate in a CCD way the translation of several genes (7, 8). Therefore, there are genes induced in a CCD fashion that are not involved in cell cycle progression. This is the case of genes that control some cellular activities. For example, it has b ...
Penetration and Establishment of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in
... as it passed through the penetration pore in the cuticle and outer epidermal cell wall (Fig. 2C). Subsequently, it expanded as it went through papillar material and traversed the host epidermal cell to reach the lower epidermal cell wall (Fig. 2C). The penetration pore in the upper epidermal cell wa ...
... as it passed through the penetration pore in the cuticle and outer epidermal cell wall (Fig. 2C). Subsequently, it expanded as it went through papillar material and traversed the host epidermal cell to reach the lower epidermal cell wall (Fig. 2C). The penetration pore in the upper epidermal cell wa ...
Cell cycle: Checkpoint proteins and kinetochores
... spindle depolymerization [21]. It is likely that Bub1 overexpression disrupts the ability of the kinetochore to signal checkpoint arrest in the absence of a spindle. Checkpointarrested tissue culture cells eventually recover from the arrest and die, exhibiting characteristics of apoptosis (Figure 1, ...
... spindle depolymerization [21]. It is likely that Bub1 overexpression disrupts the ability of the kinetochore to signal checkpoint arrest in the absence of a spindle. Checkpointarrested tissue culture cells eventually recover from the arrest and die, exhibiting characteristics of apoptosis (Figure 1, ...
ch 3/4 ppt
... • A protein’s shape is sensitive to the surrounding environment. • Unfavorable temperature and pH changes can cause denaturation of a protein, in which it unravels and loses its shape. • High fevers (above 104º F) in humans can cause some proteins to denature. • Misfolded proteins are associated wit ...
... • A protein’s shape is sensitive to the surrounding environment. • Unfavorable temperature and pH changes can cause denaturation of a protein, in which it unravels and loses its shape. • High fevers (above 104º F) in humans can cause some proteins to denature. • Misfolded proteins are associated wit ...
Actin microfilaments in fungi
... what is known about F-actin and its behaviour has arisen from studies on yeast. These studies provide a useful framework for work on filamentous species but as pointed out by Harris and Momany (2004), care is required when direct extrapolations are made from yeast to hyphal species. Because of this, ...
... what is known about F-actin and its behaviour has arisen from studies on yeast. These studies provide a useful framework for work on filamentous species but as pointed out by Harris and Momany (2004), care is required when direct extrapolations are made from yeast to hyphal species. Because of this, ...
A Comparative Analysis of Extra-Embryonic Endoderm Cell
... Prior to gastrulation in the mouse, all endodermal cells arise from the primitive endoderm of the blastocyst stage embryo. Primitive endoderm and its derivatives are generally referred to as extra-embryonic endoderm (ExEn) because the majority of these cells contribute to extra-embryonic lineages en ...
... Prior to gastrulation in the mouse, all endodermal cells arise from the primitive endoderm of the blastocyst stage embryo. Primitive endoderm and its derivatives are generally referred to as extra-embryonic endoderm (ExEn) because the majority of these cells contribute to extra-embryonic lineages en ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).