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... maintenance of neural progenitors and their maturation into neurons (Zechner et al., 2003; Otero et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2009; Slawny and O’Shea, 2011); this could account for the effects of Wnt/β-catenin signalling during neural differentiation. However, Wnt/β-catenin signalling also plays a role ...
... maintenance of neural progenitors and their maturation into neurons (Zechner et al., 2003; Otero et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2009; Slawny and O’Shea, 2011); this could account for the effects of Wnt/β-catenin signalling during neural differentiation. However, Wnt/β-catenin signalling also plays a role ...
DNA asymmetry in stem cells – immortal or mortal?
... Now, it is clear that a term ‘non-random sister chromatid segregation’ does not necessarily describe a single biological phenomenon. As such, each type of non-random sister chromatid segregation can have a distinct biological meaning, and be carried out through distinct molecular or cellular mechani ...
... Now, it is clear that a term ‘non-random sister chromatid segregation’ does not necessarily describe a single biological phenomenon. As such, each type of non-random sister chromatid segregation can have a distinct biological meaning, and be carried out through distinct molecular or cellular mechani ...
Dynamin and the Actin Cytoskeleton Cooperatively Regulate
... BAR (Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs) domain proteins are a class of cytosolic proteins with membrane-deforming properties. The powerful membrane tubulation activity of these proteins was first identified for amphiphysin (Takei et al., 1999) and endophilin (Farsad et al., 2001; Ramjaun et al., 1997; Ringstad et ...
... BAR (Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs) domain proteins are a class of cytosolic proteins with membrane-deforming properties. The powerful membrane tubulation activity of these proteins was first identified for amphiphysin (Takei et al., 1999) and endophilin (Farsad et al., 2001; Ramjaun et al., 1997; Ringstad et ...
A New Paradigm in Cellular Biology Gerson, Ling, Cope, Sodi
... form a skeleton‐like structure resembling a sponge. This skeleton itself controls ion concentrations by choosing potassium over other ions and by structuring water. Water that structured will not readily accept ions or foreign materials. Although much sodium laden extracellular serum diffuses thro ...
... form a skeleton‐like structure resembling a sponge. This skeleton itself controls ion concentrations by choosing potassium over other ions and by structuring water. Water that structured will not readily accept ions or foreign materials. Although much sodium laden extracellular serum diffuses thro ...
Stimulation of naive T cell adhesion and immunological synapse
... defined as a ring of lymphocyte function associated (LFA)-1–ICAM-1 interactions surrounding a central cluster of MHC–peptide complexes, on supported planar bilayers containing ICAM-1 and relevant MHC–peptide complexes. Chemokines stimulated an increase in the percentage of naı̈ve cells that adhered ...
... defined as a ring of lymphocyte function associated (LFA)-1–ICAM-1 interactions surrounding a central cluster of MHC–peptide complexes, on supported planar bilayers containing ICAM-1 and relevant MHC–peptide complexes. Chemokines stimulated an increase in the percentage of naı̈ve cells that adhered ...
Translation of Human-Induced Pluripotent€Stem Cells
... The prospect of changing the plasticity of terminally differentiated cells toward pluripotency has completely altered the outlook for biomedical research. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a new source of therapeutic cells free from the ethical issues or immune barriers of human e ...
... The prospect of changing the plasticity of terminally differentiated cells toward pluripotency has completely altered the outlook for biomedical research. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a new source of therapeutic cells free from the ethical issues or immune barriers of human e ...
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... transdifferentiation of β cells from α or δ cells occurs in conditions of extreme β cell loss (Thorel et al., 2010; Chera et al., 2014). Likewise, with some limitations, α and β cells can be interconverted through gain or loss of key pancreatic transcription factors, including Arx, Pax4 and Pdx1 (Co ...
... transdifferentiation of β cells from α or δ cells occurs in conditions of extreme β cell loss (Thorel et al., 2010; Chera et al., 2014). Likewise, with some limitations, α and β cells can be interconverted through gain or loss of key pancreatic transcription factors, including Arx, Pax4 and Pdx1 (Co ...
Population Biology of Lymphocytes
... epithelial cells, a cell type absent at the periphery. At the periphery a close interaction between surviving CD4+ T cells with class II+ DC was identified (18). It is not known if survival of naive CD8+ T cells also needs interactions with particular cell types. Besides, thymus positive selection a ...
... epithelial cells, a cell type absent at the periphery. At the periphery a close interaction between surviving CD4+ T cells with class II+ DC was identified (18). It is not known if survival of naive CD8+ T cells also needs interactions with particular cell types. Besides, thymus positive selection a ...
Functional diversification of centrins and cell morphological
... PtCenBP1p has previously been characterised as an essential component of the ICL forming the backbone of the network (Gogendeau et al., 2007). The new PtCenBP3 subfamily identified by the proteomic analysis comprises two proteins, PtCenBP2p and PtCenBP3p, which are paralogues of the most recent whol ...
... PtCenBP1p has previously been characterised as an essential component of the ICL forming the backbone of the network (Gogendeau et al., 2007). The new PtCenBP3 subfamily identified by the proteomic analysis comprises two proteins, PtCenBP2p and PtCenBP3p, which are paralogues of the most recent whol ...
Antimicrobial mechanisms of phagocytes and bacterial evasion
... hostile response, certain bacterial species have developed evasive strategies that often involve the secretion of effectors to co-opt the cellular machinery of the host. In this Review, we present an overview of the antimicrobial defences of the host cell, with emphasis on macrophages, for which pha ...
... hostile response, certain bacterial species have developed evasive strategies that often involve the secretion of effectors to co-opt the cellular machinery of the host. In this Review, we present an overview of the antimicrobial defences of the host cell, with emphasis on macrophages, for which pha ...
Active cell migration drives the unilateral movements
... migrating proximally and start spreading laterally before reaching the extra-embryonic ectoderm, presumably because they are obstructed by the leading cells. Cells 5 and 6, which are sisters, share a common track before they divide. They have separate tracks after division, but remain in contact wit ...
... migrating proximally and start spreading laterally before reaching the extra-embryonic ectoderm, presumably because they are obstructed by the leading cells. Cells 5 and 6, which are sisters, share a common track before they divide. They have separate tracks after division, but remain in contact wit ...
Polo kinase and progression through M phase in Drosophila
... yeast. Whether the MEN and SIN networks are truly replicated in metazoan cells is still by no means certain. However, as I will discuss below, a role for Polo in the late stages of mitosis was subsequently demonstrated. In the right place at the right time The polo-like kinases have been shown to fo ...
... yeast. Whether the MEN and SIN networks are truly replicated in metazoan cells is still by no means certain. However, as I will discuss below, a role for Polo in the late stages of mitosis was subsequently demonstrated. In the right place at the right time The polo-like kinases have been shown to fo ...
cell-cycle progression and the generation of asymmetry in
... DNA microarray results and the 2D-gel data was found. However, there was a small group of genes for which the mRNA levels did not correlate with protein synthesis, indicating that post-transcriptional regulation of these genes occurs. Finally, a large-scale PULSE–CHASE STUDY4 identified 48 proteins ...
... DNA microarray results and the 2D-gel data was found. However, there was a small group of genes for which the mRNA levels did not correlate with protein synthesis, indicating that post-transcriptional regulation of these genes occurs. Finally, a large-scale PULSE–CHASE STUDY4 identified 48 proteins ...
Maintenance of Shoot and Floral Meristem Cell
... encodes a member of the knox family of homeodomain proteins that are likely to act as transcriptional regulators in promoting SAM development. STM expression is first detected in a few cells in the globular stage embryo; these cells are slightly displaced from the center of the embryo (Long and Bart ...
... encodes a member of the knox family of homeodomain proteins that are likely to act as transcriptional regulators in promoting SAM development. STM expression is first detected in a few cells in the globular stage embryo; these cells are slightly displaced from the center of the embryo (Long and Bart ...
MagneHis™ Protein Purification System Technical Manual
... for long term or at 4°C for up to one week. 7. Incubate with shaking for 10–20 minutes at room temperature on a rotary mixer or shaking platform. Method 2: Direct Lysis of Bacterial Cell Cultures See Section 3.A for preparation of cells before starting the experiment. 1. Add 110µl of FastBreak™ Cell ...
... for long term or at 4°C for up to one week. 7. Incubate with shaking for 10–20 minutes at room temperature on a rotary mixer or shaking platform. Method 2: Direct Lysis of Bacterial Cell Cultures See Section 3.A for preparation of cells before starting the experiment. 1. Add 110µl of FastBreak™ Cell ...
Weekly Lesson Plans Teacher: Alicia Penfield Class: AP Biology
... The students will… The students will… Explain metabolism and the Explain why photosynthesis role of matter and energy in is an anabolic reaction, and this process. its overall purpose. Distinguish exergonic and Summarize each stage of endergonic reactions, and photosynthesis, including the g ...
... The students will… The students will… Explain metabolism and the Explain why photosynthesis role of matter and energy in is an anabolic reaction, and this process. its overall purpose. Distinguish exergonic and Summarize each stage of endergonic reactions, and photosynthesis, including the g ...
Chapter_01
... Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex are critical for post-translational modifications that help sort, condense, package, and deliver proteins arriving from the ER. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. ...
... Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex are critical for post-translational modifications that help sort, condense, package, and deliver proteins arriving from the ER. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. ...
Nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of Inh2
... formation of cell-cell contacts in a process known as contact inhibition (Bunge, 1979). This process is poorly understood and in some instances, such as tissue formation, cells must overcome contact inhibition. On the other hand, aberrant control of this process may contribute to the type of uncontr ...
... formation of cell-cell contacts in a process known as contact inhibition (Bunge, 1979). This process is poorly understood and in some instances, such as tissue formation, cells must overcome contact inhibition. On the other hand, aberrant control of this process may contribute to the type of uncontr ...
Mob4 plays a role in spindle focusing in Drosophila S2 cells
... As reported previously (Goshima and Vale, 2003), S2 cells often show aberrant mitotic spindle phenotypes. Some S2 cells form monopolar spindles that subsequently can be converted to a bipolar spindle by a rescue process in which microtubules become organized to form a second, acentrosomal pole (~10% ...
... As reported previously (Goshima and Vale, 2003), S2 cells often show aberrant mitotic spindle phenotypes. Some S2 cells form monopolar spindles that subsequently can be converted to a bipolar spindle by a rescue process in which microtubules become organized to form a second, acentrosomal pole (~10% ...
Epithelial Tissue
... Functions of Basal Lamina Serve as pathways for cell migration. Seems to contain the information necessary for certain cell-to-cell interactions, such as the reinnervation of denervated muscle cells. The presence of the basal lamina around a muscle cell is necessary for the establishment of new ...
... Functions of Basal Lamina Serve as pathways for cell migration. Seems to contain the information necessary for certain cell-to-cell interactions, such as the reinnervation of denervated muscle cells. The presence of the basal lamina around a muscle cell is necessary for the establishment of new ...
the cell cycle in action - Oxford Academic
... a precise balance between cell division and cell differentiation. This balance is influenced by environmental conditions and by the genetic information of the cell. Among the internal cues, the cross-talk between different hormonal signalling pathways is essential to control this division/differenti ...
... a precise balance between cell division and cell differentiation. This balance is influenced by environmental conditions and by the genetic information of the cell. Among the internal cues, the cross-talk between different hormonal signalling pathways is essential to control this division/differenti ...
1 - Purdue Department of Biological Sciences
... protoxylem undergoes severe stretching and is eventually destroyed. Metaxylem is initiated in the still-growing primary plant body, but matures largely after stem elongation is completed. Metaxylem may have spiral, scalariform, reticulate, or pitted elements. In plants lacking secondary growth, the ...
... protoxylem undergoes severe stretching and is eventually destroyed. Metaxylem is initiated in the still-growing primary plant body, but matures largely after stem elongation is completed. Metaxylem may have spiral, scalariform, reticulate, or pitted elements. In plants lacking secondary growth, the ...
Correlation between Innervation of Skeletal Muscles and
... The nutrition and state of the skeletal muscle are mainly regulated by its controlling nerve. Once the controlling nerve is injured, the controlled muscle is doomed to show some histological changes such as a less weight, thinned muscle fibers and more collagen fibers (Nikolaou et al., 2011). In the ...
... The nutrition and state of the skeletal muscle are mainly regulated by its controlling nerve. Once the controlling nerve is injured, the controlled muscle is doomed to show some histological changes such as a less weight, thinned muscle fibers and more collagen fibers (Nikolaou et al., 2011). In the ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).