- City Research Online
... index for the quasi-TM mode with the bending radius is shown in Fig.2. In this region, two distinct modes can easily be identified (their field profiles are shown later on). The solid line represents the first, Hx1 eigenmode, with a higher effective index and that of the second eigenmode, Hx2, show ...
... index for the quasi-TM mode with the bending radius is shown in Fig.2. In this region, two distinct modes can easily be identified (their field profiles are shown later on). The solid line represents the first, Hx1 eigenmode, with a higher effective index and that of the second eigenmode, Hx2, show ...
Double Negative Materials (DNM) - Institute for Defense Analyses
... “Normal” optical materials that have electric permeability ε > 0 and magnetic permittivity μ > 0 are quite familiar to students of physics and engineering. DNMs that have electric permeability ε < 0 and magnetic permittivity μ < 0 are quite different. They do not normally occur in nature, are man-ma ...
... “Normal” optical materials that have electric permeability ε > 0 and magnetic permittivity μ > 0 are quite familiar to students of physics and engineering. DNMs that have electric permeability ε < 0 and magnetic permittivity μ < 0 are quite different. They do not normally occur in nature, are man-ma ...
ComplexLightBookChapterEG
... The different sections also discuss and cite the various methods for producing these beams. The hope is that they will stimulate new research in imaging, manipulation, and new areas where complex light has yet to make an impact, leading to the discovery of new phenomena and applications. ...
... The different sections also discuss and cite the various methods for producing these beams. The hope is that they will stimulate new research in imaging, manipulation, and new areas where complex light has yet to make an impact, leading to the discovery of new phenomena and applications. ...
Theoretical derivation of the depth average of remotely sensed
... chlorophyll maximum, the closer the reflectance was to the uniform case. They also found that larger deviations from the constant case were found when bb(z)was kept constant, but a(z) covaried with Chl(z). Zaneveld [17] previously derived the theoretical dependence of the remotely sensed reflectanc ...
... chlorophyll maximum, the closer the reflectance was to the uniform case. They also found that larger deviations from the constant case were found when bb(z)was kept constant, but a(z) covaried with Chl(z). Zaneveld [17] previously derived the theoretical dependence of the remotely sensed reflectanc ...
Structural and optical properties of visible active
... which is a subject of continuing discussion.21 The PC activity depends on the electronic structure, which is related to crystal structure and surface morphology. WO3 exists in several phases, which differ with respect to each other by the tilting and displacement of the atoms in the octahedral build ...
... which is a subject of continuing discussion.21 The PC activity depends on the electronic structure, which is related to crystal structure and surface morphology. WO3 exists in several phases, which differ with respect to each other by the tilting and displacement of the atoms in the octahedral build ...
Document
... as a mixture of wavelengths is obtained, while the other case may make it impossible for the detector to sense the low power beam (bad detectability). Therefore, the width of the slits should be carefully adjusted, where some instruments allow such adjustments. ...
... as a mixture of wavelengths is obtained, while the other case may make it impossible for the detector to sense the low power beam (bad detectability). Therefore, the width of the slits should be carefully adjusted, where some instruments allow such adjustments. ...
High spatial resolution performance of a triple Fabry–Pérot filtergraph
... within the channeled spectrum. Several filtergraphs using FPIs have been recently constructed for solar observations (Bonaccini et al. 1989; Bendlin et al. 1992; Cavallini 1998; Kentischer et al. 1998). The spectral passband of an FPI varies with the angle of incidence of a plane wave which transver ...
... within the channeled spectrum. Several filtergraphs using FPIs have been recently constructed for solar observations (Bonaccini et al. 1989; Bendlin et al. 1992; Cavallini 1998; Kentischer et al. 1998). The spectral passband of an FPI varies with the angle of incidence of a plane wave which transver ...
Noncollinear parametric amplification in the near
... the nonlinear coupled equations that describe the parametric amplification process in a χ2 crystal [17]. When the group velocities are matched, i.e. δ = 0, the bandwidth is only limited by higher orders such as group delay dispersion that start to be significant. The group velocity matching condition ...
... the nonlinear coupled equations that describe the parametric amplification process in a χ2 crystal [17]. When the group velocities are matched, i.e. δ = 0, the bandwidth is only limited by higher orders such as group delay dispersion that start to be significant. The group velocity matching condition ...
Chapter 3 - Optoelectronics Research Centre
... The quality of the HF end cut could be assessed either by illuminating it with a white light source, and observing it under a microscope, or by coupling in laser light and observing the radiation pattern on a monitor. A circularly symmetric and uniform pattern essentially implies a good cleave. To s ...
... The quality of the HF end cut could be assessed either by illuminating it with a white light source, and observing it under a microscope, or by coupling in laser light and observing the radiation pattern on a monitor. A circularly symmetric and uniform pattern essentially implies a good cleave. To s ...
Confinement Factors And Gain In Optical Amplifiers
... the time-averaged -component of the Poyntwith ing vector, and with the integral in the numerator over the th layer. Often the bulk material gain in the active layer is much larger than the bulk absorption in the cladding layers. In that case it suffices to use a single confinement factor, namely tha ...
... the time-averaged -component of the Poyntwith ing vector, and with the integral in the numerator over the th layer. Often the bulk material gain in the active layer is much larger than the bulk absorption in the cladding layers. In that case it suffices to use a single confinement factor, namely tha ...
Fluorescence Microscopy
... phenomena, and where better its application than when trying to comprehend cell physiology using florescence microscopy? Microscopy has played an important role in determining the activity of cells, from the very early appreciation of living animalcules by Van Leeuwenhoek (Ford 1989) with a simple mi ...
... phenomena, and where better its application than when trying to comprehend cell physiology using florescence microscopy? Microscopy has played an important role in determining the activity of cells, from the very early appreciation of living animalcules by Van Leeuwenhoek (Ford 1989) with a simple mi ...
Photoinduced Deformation of Crosslinked LiquidCrystalline Polymer
... near-infrared (NIR) region. It has been reported that the dispersion of CNTs in a thermoresponsive CLCP created a light-controllable network, which enabled a contraction upon irradiation by NIR light.[13] In this case, the CNT functions as a nanoscale heat source to absorb the NIR light and further ...
... near-infrared (NIR) region. It has been reported that the dispersion of CNTs in a thermoresponsive CLCP created a light-controllable network, which enabled a contraction upon irradiation by NIR light.[13] In this case, the CNT functions as a nanoscale heat source to absorb the NIR light and further ...
Optical properties of the human tissue
... This method includes inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method developed by Prahl et al (Prahl S.A., et al. // Appl. Opt., 1993, Vol. 32(4), P. 559-568) and inverse Monte Carlo simulations. The IAD method is widely used in tissue optics for processing the experimental data of spectrophotometry with integ ...
... This method includes inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method developed by Prahl et al (Prahl S.A., et al. // Appl. Opt., 1993, Vol. 32(4), P. 559-568) and inverse Monte Carlo simulations. The IAD method is widely used in tissue optics for processing the experimental data of spectrophotometry with integ ...
A multi interface total .. internal reflection based electro .. optic
... presented. Using multiple total-intemal-reflection interfaces, an input beam is deflected to switch ports by reflection at a grazing angle; these interfaces are tumed on by application ofhigh voltage to a surface electrode. The expected performance of the device was simulated using a combination of ...
... presented. Using multiple total-intemal-reflection interfaces, an input beam is deflected to switch ports by reflection at a grazing angle; these interfaces are tumed on by application ofhigh voltage to a surface electrode. The expected performance of the device was simulated using a combination of ...
video slide
... Thin films will interfere • The reflections of the two surfaces in close proximity will interfere as they move from the film. • Figure 35.11 at right displays an explanation and a photograph of thinfilm interference. ...
... Thin films will interfere • The reflections of the two surfaces in close proximity will interfere as they move from the film. • Figure 35.11 at right displays an explanation and a photograph of thinfilm interference. ...
Light beams with fractional orbital angular
... Here, Φ(x, y)beam is the phase profile of the superposition at the beam waist for z = 0 and Φ(x, Λ)grating is the phase profile of the blazed grating which depends on the period of the grating Λ. The two phase distributions are added modulo 2π and, after subtraction of π , multiplied by an intensity ...
... Here, Φ(x, y)beam is the phase profile of the superposition at the beam waist for z = 0 and Φ(x, Λ)grating is the phase profile of the blazed grating which depends on the period of the grating Λ. The two phase distributions are added modulo 2π and, after subtraction of π , multiplied by an intensity ...
Understanding Microscopy And Filtering Techniques
... 10mm of length and adapts the M26 thread to a C-thread). An additional 76.5mm of space between the tube lens and objective is optimal, but it is common to only use about 56.5mm of space between #55-743 and #58-329 since each adapter adds about 10mm of space. With this 56.5mm of space, use extension ...
... 10mm of length and adapts the M26 thread to a C-thread). An additional 76.5mm of space between the tube lens and objective is optimal, but it is common to only use about 56.5mm of space between #55-743 and #58-329 since each adapter adds about 10mm of space. With this 56.5mm of space, use extension ...
Axial birefringence in high-numerical-aperture optical
... information layer through a protective cover layer of thickness d. To increase the information density the wavelength is decreased and the numerical aperture is increased, as the spot size scales with /NA. To that end the existing compact disk (CD) standard ( ⫽ 780 nm, NA ⫽ 0.45, d ⫽ 1.2 mm) is su ...
... information layer through a protective cover layer of thickness d. To increase the information density the wavelength is decreased and the numerical aperture is increased, as the spot size scales with /NA. To that end the existing compact disk (CD) standard ( ⫽ 780 nm, NA ⫽ 0.45, d ⫽ 1.2 mm) is su ...
Special-Effect Pigments
... Various cornpanies produce angle-dependent spectrophotorneters. The GretagMacbeth Auto-Eye 642 illurninates the surface from an angle of 45" and offers viewing angles of 25", 45", 75" and 110" (aspecular angles). The X-Rite MA6811, too, iiiurninates at 45'; in this instrurnent the viewing angles are ...
... Various cornpanies produce angle-dependent spectrophotorneters. The GretagMacbeth Auto-Eye 642 illurninates the surface from an angle of 45" and offers viewing angles of 25", 45", 75" and 110" (aspecular angles). The X-Rite MA6811, too, iiiurninates at 45'; in this instrurnent the viewing angles are ...
Anti-reflective coating
An antireflective or anti-reflection (AR) coating is a type of optical coating applied to the surface of lenses and other optical elements to reduce reflection. In typical imaging systems, this improves the efficiency since less light is lost. In complex systems such as a telescope, the reduction in reflections also improves the contrast of the image by elimination of stray light. This is especially important in planetary astronomy. In other applications, the primary benefit is the elimination of the reflection itself, such as a coating on eyeglass lenses that makes the eyes of the wearer more visible to others, or a coating to reduce the glint from a covert viewer's binoculars or telescopic sight.Many coatings consist of transparent thin film structures with alternating layers of contrasting refractive index. Layer thicknesses are chosen to produce destructive interference in the beams reflected from the interfaces, and constructive interference in the corresponding transmitted beams. This makes the structure's performance change with wavelength and incident angle, so that color effects often appear at oblique angles. A wavelength range must be specified when designing or ordering such coatings, but good performance can often be achieved for a relatively wide range of frequencies: usually a choice of IR, visible, or UV is offered.