of optical-fiber dispersion
... the dispersion-delay characteristic to provide a more linear dispersion-delay response. This is shown in Fig. 4, which illustrates the calculated reflection response and dispersion-delay response of a linearly chirped Bragg grating that has been apodized. In this case, AO= 1550 nm, L = 3.0 cm, KL = ...
... the dispersion-delay characteristic to provide a more linear dispersion-delay response. This is shown in Fig. 4, which illustrates the calculated reflection response and dispersion-delay response of a linearly chirped Bragg grating that has been apodized. In this case, AO= 1550 nm, L = 3.0 cm, KL = ...
Measurement of Colloidal Forces with TIRM
... and valleys. However, TIRM integrates the scattered intensity over a cone of solid angle corresponding to the numerical aperature of the microscope objective lens; moreover, Chew et al. [5] found that the intensity of scattering in any direction decays exponentially with elevation of the sphere abov ...
... and valleys. However, TIRM integrates the scattered intensity over a cone of solid angle corresponding to the numerical aperature of the microscope objective lens; moreover, Chew et al. [5] found that the intensity of scattering in any direction decays exponentially with elevation of the sphere abov ...
Feedback-induced catastrophic optical mirror damage
... higher output powers, it has become common to increase the laser cavity lengths leading to improved thermal resistances but decreased wall-plug efficiencies. To prevent smaller wall-plug efficiencies, the reflectivity of the antireflection (AR) coating on the front facet has to be lowered. In this w ...
... higher output powers, it has become common to increase the laser cavity lengths leading to improved thermal resistances but decreased wall-plug efficiencies. To prevent smaller wall-plug efficiencies, the reflectivity of the antireflection (AR) coating on the front facet has to be lowered. In this w ...
Experiment Guide - Industrial Fiber Optics
... support this conclusion. The behavior of light in these instances can be explained with ordinary geometry. Light is either reflected, absorbed, scattered, or some combination of the three, but the path it takes can be traced using straight lines and angles. In reality, light also has properties norm ...
... support this conclusion. The behavior of light in these instances can be explained with ordinary geometry. Light is either reflected, absorbed, scattered, or some combination of the three, but the path it takes can be traced using straight lines and angles. In reality, light also has properties norm ...
Principles and Clinical Applications of Ray-Tracing
... ABSTRACT: The visual quality of the eye depends on several optical and neural factors. In the nineteenth century, Helmholtz found optical errors that could not be corrected using existing optical theory. In the process of image formation in the human eye there are three major sources of degradation: ...
... ABSTRACT: The visual quality of the eye depends on several optical and neural factors. In the nineteenth century, Helmholtz found optical errors that could not be corrected using existing optical theory. In the process of image formation in the human eye there are three major sources of degradation: ...
reflectance measurement and modelling of high reflectivity
... index than the incident medium will undergo a π phase change at alternate interface. Also, due to the path length, the reflected light from each interface in a multilayer stack will have an additional phase change in which all the reflected waves are in phase and undergo constructive interference if ...
... index than the incident medium will undergo a π phase change at alternate interface. Also, due to the path length, the reflected light from each interface in a multilayer stack will have an additional phase change in which all the reflected waves are in phase and undergo constructive interference if ...
Observational Astronomy
... Combination of multiple elements Compact Cheap for small sizes Chromatism Difficult making many meter size lenses Heavy Impossible to make segmented lenses ...
... Combination of multiple elements Compact Cheap for small sizes Chromatism Difficult making many meter size lenses Heavy Impossible to make segmented lenses ...
Microscopy Tutorial - Fred Hutch Shared Resources
... epifluorescence), and by the wavelength of light, but other optical components, as well as the imaging device, may alter the final resolution. It is important to note that resolution is not the ability to see small objects, but rather to separate very close objects. The ability to see small objects ...
... epifluorescence), and by the wavelength of light, but other optical components, as well as the imaging device, may alter the final resolution. It is important to note that resolution is not the ability to see small objects, but rather to separate very close objects. The ability to see small objects ...
Optical Fibers and Waveguides
... When a given mode propagates in a slab, light energy is guided along in the slab medium, or core. There are, however, finite field amplitudes that decay exponentially into the external medium. The propagating waves in this case, because they are guided along by the slab, but are not totally confined ...
... When a given mode propagates in a slab, light energy is guided along in the slab medium, or core. There are, however, finite field amplitudes that decay exponentially into the external medium. The propagating waves in this case, because they are guided along by the slab, but are not totally confined ...
Polarimetric imaging of crystals - Werner Kaminsky
... Classical crystal optics has recently undergone a renaissance as developments in optical microscopy and polarimetry, enabled in part by sensitive imaging CCD cameras and personal computers, now permit the analytical separation of various optical effects that are otherwise convolved in polarized ligh ...
... Classical crystal optics has recently undergone a renaissance as developments in optical microscopy and polarimetry, enabled in part by sensitive imaging CCD cameras and personal computers, now permit the analytical separation of various optical effects that are otherwise convolved in polarized ligh ...
Translation and discussion of the De Iride, a
... materials, are broken at interfaces; and the parts of these rays, in the different existing transparent materials, at the interface of those are angularly connected. This, however, is clear by means of an experience, the principle of it is set down in the book on the mirrors: if we cast an object in ...
... materials, are broken at interfaces; and the parts of these rays, in the different existing transparent materials, at the interface of those are angularly connected. This, however, is clear by means of an experience, the principle of it is set down in the book on the mirrors: if we cast an object in ...
General Path Planning Methodology for Leader
... moves away from areas with lower light velocity (higher refractive index), as shown in Figure 2b and Figure 1. This is the case of the well‐known hot road surface mirage, in which “fake water” on the road is produced by the light rays bending due to a change of the re ...
... moves away from areas with lower light velocity (higher refractive index), as shown in Figure 2b and Figure 1. This is the case of the well‐known hot road surface mirage, in which “fake water” on the road is produced by the light rays bending due to a change of the re ...
Optical Resonators and Mode Matching
... interferometer. Optical resonator along with optical gain are the basic elements of every laser, optical resonators are used in sensors such as the laser gyroscope, and they are used extensively in optical precision measurements, to name merely a few applications. Indeed the optical resonator plays ...
... interferometer. Optical resonator along with optical gain are the basic elements of every laser, optical resonators are used in sensors such as the laser gyroscope, and they are used extensively in optical precision measurements, to name merely a few applications. Indeed the optical resonator plays ...
Silicon waveguided components for the long
... (4) The PICs and OEICs enable new applications not feasible at the near infrared (NIR). (5) Some applications such as chemical and biological sensing are probably more effective at LWIR than at NIR. (6) The dimensional tolerances on LWIR devices are relaxed relative to NIR, simplifying photolithogra ...
... (4) The PICs and OEICs enable new applications not feasible at the near infrared (NIR). (5) Some applications such as chemical and biological sensing are probably more effective at LWIR than at NIR. (6) The dimensional tolerances on LWIR devices are relaxed relative to NIR, simplifying photolithogra ...
optical properties of skin, subcutaneous, and muscle tissues
... single-scattering phase function for thin samples, or the e®ective light penetration depth for slabs. The parameters measured are the collimated light transmission Tc and the angular dependence of the scattered light intensity, IðÞ (W=cm 2 sr) for thin samples or the °uence rate distribution inside ...
... single-scattering phase function for thin samples, or the e®ective light penetration depth for slabs. The parameters measured are the collimated light transmission Tc and the angular dependence of the scattered light intensity, IðÞ (W=cm 2 sr) for thin samples or the °uence rate distribution inside ...
Robot Formations Motion Planning using Fast Marching
... electric potentials in 2D and higher dimensional cases. D. Fundamentals of the Method Maxwell’s laws govern the propagation of the electromagnetic waves. We can use the most typical simplification of the problem in isotropic and possibly non-homogeneous media for a monochromatic wave, considering th ...
... electric potentials in 2D and higher dimensional cases. D. Fundamentals of the Method Maxwell’s laws govern the propagation of the electromagnetic waves. We can use the most typical simplification of the problem in isotropic and possibly non-homogeneous media for a monochromatic wave, considering th ...
Dynamical diffraction of atomic matter waves by crystals of light
... investigations have been described, for example, by Adams et al. @2#, Balykin and Letokhov @3#, and in Ref. @4#. Diffraction of matter waves at light fields makes the following new types of experiments feasible. ~1! With standing light waves one can produce perfect crystals of high purity consisting ...
... investigations have been described, for example, by Adams et al. @2#, Balykin and Letokhov @3#, and in Ref. @4#. Diffraction of matter waves at light fields makes the following new types of experiments feasible. ~1! With standing light waves one can produce perfect crystals of high purity consisting ...
Anti-reflective coating
An antireflective or anti-reflection (AR) coating is a type of optical coating applied to the surface of lenses and other optical elements to reduce reflection. In typical imaging systems, this improves the efficiency since less light is lost. In complex systems such as a telescope, the reduction in reflections also improves the contrast of the image by elimination of stray light. This is especially important in planetary astronomy. In other applications, the primary benefit is the elimination of the reflection itself, such as a coating on eyeglass lenses that makes the eyes of the wearer more visible to others, or a coating to reduce the glint from a covert viewer's binoculars or telescopic sight.Many coatings consist of transparent thin film structures with alternating layers of contrasting refractive index. Layer thicknesses are chosen to produce destructive interference in the beams reflected from the interfaces, and constructive interference in the corresponding transmitted beams. This makes the structure's performance change with wavelength and incident angle, so that color effects often appear at oblique angles. A wavelength range must be specified when designing or ordering such coatings, but good performance can often be achieved for a relatively wide range of frequencies: usually a choice of IR, visible, or UV is offered.