ling411-13-FunctionalWebs - OWL-Space
... “If neurons in the functional web are strongly linked, they should show similar response properties in neurophysiological experiments. “If the neurons of the functional web are necessary for the optimal processing of the represented entity, lesion of a significant portion of the network neurons must ...
... “If neurons in the functional web are strongly linked, they should show similar response properties in neurophysiological experiments. “If the neurons of the functional web are necessary for the optimal processing of the represented entity, lesion of a significant portion of the network neurons must ...
the Central Nervous System
... 1. the “emotional” and “memory” part of the brain 2. located in the temporal lobe a. cingulate gyrus - allows us to shift between thoughts b. hippocampus – formation of memories ...
... 1. the “emotional” and “memory” part of the brain 2. located in the temporal lobe a. cingulate gyrus - allows us to shift between thoughts b. hippocampus – formation of memories ...
Abstract 1. Introduction Temporal dynamics of perception and the
... difference between the 1D and 2D responses of approximately 20 ms. One potential caveat in interpreting the results as a true difference in processing speeds is that, in both cases, the purely 2D component of the eye movement is smaller—the direction difference between the 1D and 2D components of st ...
... difference between the 1D and 2D responses of approximately 20 ms. One potential caveat in interpreting the results as a true difference in processing speeds is that, in both cases, the purely 2D component of the eye movement is smaller—the direction difference between the 1D and 2D components of st ...
Précis of The Brain and Emotion
... appear to have been reconnected (compared to rodents) to place much more emphasis on cortical processing, taking place in areas such as the orbitofrontal cortex (see Chapter 2). The principle of the stage of sensory processing at which reward value is extracted and made explicit in the representatio ...
... appear to have been reconnected (compared to rodents) to place much more emphasis on cortical processing, taking place in areas such as the orbitofrontal cortex (see Chapter 2). The principle of the stage of sensory processing at which reward value is extracted and made explicit in the representatio ...
The Evolution of Neuron Types and Cortical
... (Rockel et al., 1980). Second, findings from the first systematic studies of great ape behavior from the field and laboratory were beginning to be appreciated (e.g., Kortlandt, 1962; Schaller, 1963; e.g., Yerkes and Learned, 1925; Yerkes and Yerkes, 1929). These studies contributed to a more sophist ...
... (Rockel et al., 1980). Second, findings from the first systematic studies of great ape behavior from the field and laboratory were beginning to be appreciated (e.g., Kortlandt, 1962; Schaller, 1963; e.g., Yerkes and Learned, 1925; Yerkes and Yerkes, 1929). These studies contributed to a more sophist ...
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
... executed actions (Arbib, 2002). A region with properties similar to those of mirror neurons would be active during performance of a specific action, but would show additional activity when this action was guided by observation of the same action performed by another. This pattern of activity has bee ...
... executed actions (Arbib, 2002). A region with properties similar to those of mirror neurons would be active during performance of a specific action, but would show additional activity when this action was guided by observation of the same action performed by another. This pattern of activity has bee ...
Postnatal growth and column spacing in cat primary visual cortex
... Crowley and Katz 2000; Rathjen and Lwel 2000; Crair et al. 2001), can already be visualized in cats and ferrets at a very early postnatal period during which the cortex is still growing. A recent paper by Duffy et al. (1998) has shown that the surface area of primary visual cortex (area 17, V1) of ...
... Crowley and Katz 2000; Rathjen and Lwel 2000; Crair et al. 2001), can already be visualized in cats and ferrets at a very early postnatal period during which the cortex is still growing. A recent paper by Duffy et al. (1998) has shown that the surface area of primary visual cortex (area 17, V1) of ...
Chapter 14:The Brain and Cranial Nerves
... • The human brain is complex • Brain function is associated with life • This chapter is a study of brain and cranial nerves directly connected to it • Will provide insight into brain circuitry and function ...
... • The human brain is complex • Brain function is associated with life • This chapter is a study of brain and cranial nerves directly connected to it • Will provide insight into brain circuitry and function ...
Circuits of emotion in the primate brain
... The first section of this chapter will identify the main structures that comprise the emotional circuits of the primate brain. The second section describes what is known about the neural basis of emotional processes, from the association of stimuli to positive or negative outcomes, to the interplay ...
... The first section of this chapter will identify the main structures that comprise the emotional circuits of the primate brain. The second section describes what is known about the neural basis of emotional processes, from the association of stimuli to positive or negative outcomes, to the interplay ...
FINAL-FTDMulticenterStudy_R - ORBi
... population as a whole. Moreover, apathy is a complex behavioral impairment that probably depends on different neural networks rather than on a single brain structure. Indeed, previous studies have related apathy in FTD to decreased activity in the lateral prefrontal cortices or frontopolar regions [ ...
... population as a whole. Moreover, apathy is a complex behavioral impairment that probably depends on different neural networks rather than on a single brain structure. Indeed, previous studies have related apathy in FTD to decreased activity in the lateral prefrontal cortices or frontopolar regions [ ...
Novel visual stimuli activate a population of neurons
... Some of these neurons responded to all novel stimuli, and others to only a subset (e.g., to novel faces). The neurons have no responses to familiar reward- or punishment-associated visual stimuli, nor to taste, olfactory or somatosensory inputs. The responses of the neurons typically habituated with ...
... Some of these neurons responded to all novel stimuli, and others to only a subset (e.g., to novel faces). The neurons have no responses to familiar reward- or punishment-associated visual stimuli, nor to taste, olfactory or somatosensory inputs. The responses of the neurons typically habituated with ...
A quantitative description of the mouse piriform cortex
... This model requires 3 quantities before one can use it to develop theories of olfaction: the number of glomeruli, the number of neurons, and the strength of synaptic connection between any glomerulus ‘i’ and neuron ‘j’, i.e. the entry (i,j) in the connection matrix. The number of glomeruli is alread ...
... This model requires 3 quantities before one can use it to develop theories of olfaction: the number of glomeruli, the number of neurons, and the strength of synaptic connection between any glomerulus ‘i’ and neuron ‘j’, i.e. the entry (i,j) in the connection matrix. The number of glomeruli is alread ...
fMR-adaptation reveals separate processing regions for the
... are presented to him, but has a complete inability to recognize those objects based on shape. Moreover, an fMRI experiment revealed areas V1 and V2 as the potential loci of PB’s spared colour processing. In summary, while the psychophysical testing revealed a striking dissociation between shape and ...
... are presented to him, but has a complete inability to recognize those objects based on shape. Moreover, an fMRI experiment revealed areas V1 and V2 as the potential loci of PB’s spared colour processing. In summary, while the psychophysical testing revealed a striking dissociation between shape and ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... described the location and the retinotopy of various visual cortical areas in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobe of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) (Innocenti et al., 2002; Manger et al., 2002a,b, 2004). A motion-sensitive area comparable to PMLS and MT/MST, however, initially mentioned by ...
... described the location and the retinotopy of various visual cortical areas in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobe of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) (Innocenti et al., 2002; Manger et al., 2002a,b, 2004). A motion-sensitive area comparable to PMLS and MT/MST, however, initially mentioned by ...
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... a functional map of columnar orientation preference and ocular dominance. These milestone findings furnished the (still current) textbook accounts of V1, which are dedicated to the feedforward cascade of processing and biased to neuronal spiking as recorded in electrophysiology. However, owing to inc ...
... a functional map of columnar orientation preference and ocular dominance. These milestone findings furnished the (still current) textbook accounts of V1, which are dedicated to the feedforward cascade of processing and biased to neuronal spiking as recorded in electrophysiology. However, owing to inc ...
A simultaneous ERP/fMRI investigation of the P300 aging effect
... greater recruitment of prefrontal regions and reduced activation of posterior regions that older subjects exhibit on a range of cognitive tasks (e.g., Cabeza et al., 2002; Davis et al., 2008; Solbakk et al., 2008). Because elderly participants are typically found to perform the oddball task at a com ...
... greater recruitment of prefrontal regions and reduced activation of posterior regions that older subjects exhibit on a range of cognitive tasks (e.g., Cabeza et al., 2002; Davis et al., 2008; Solbakk et al., 2008). Because elderly participants are typically found to perform the oddball task at a com ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... the micropipette with a freshly made, saturated solution of biocytin (ⱖ4%; Sigma, St. L ouis, MO) in sterile saline. We took a photograph of the cortical surface for later reference and chose injection sites in areas free of blood vessels and spaced ⬎3 mm apart. Just before introducing the pipette, ...
... the micropipette with a freshly made, saturated solution of biocytin (ⱖ4%; Sigma, St. L ouis, MO) in sterile saline. We took a photograph of the cortical surface for later reference and chose injection sites in areas free of blood vessels and spaced ⬎3 mm apart. Just before introducing the pipette, ...
Hyperfrontality and hypoconnectivity during refreshing in
... Anomalous activations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior cerebral areas have been reported in previous studies of working memory in schizophrenia. Several interpretations have been reported: e.g., neural inefficiency, the use of different strategies and differences in the functional organiz ...
... Anomalous activations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior cerebral areas have been reported in previous studies of working memory in schizophrenia. Several interpretations have been reported: e.g., neural inefficiency, the use of different strategies and differences in the functional organiz ...
Visual Cortex and Control Processes Stimuli in Opposite Visual
... adding a second checkerboard concurrently in the other hemifield did not change activations in occipital cortex contralateral to the original checkerboard. That is, checkerboards in separate hemifields did not influence each other within occipital visual cortex in that study, interacting only at the ...
... adding a second checkerboard concurrently in the other hemifield did not change activations in occipital cortex contralateral to the original checkerboard. That is, checkerboards in separate hemifields did not influence each other within occipital visual cortex in that study, interacting only at the ...
Anomalous Prefrontal-Subcortical Activation in
... DLPFC N-acetylaspartate levels, a marker of neuronal density, in adults8 and children9 with BD. Additionally, children with BD during a manic episode were reported to have increased myo-inositol levels in the ACC.10 In light of these findings, it is likely that these prefrontal areas are involved i ...
... DLPFC N-acetylaspartate levels, a marker of neuronal density, in adults8 and children9 with BD. Additionally, children with BD during a manic episode were reported to have increased myo-inositol levels in the ACC.10 In light of these findings, it is likely that these prefrontal areas are involved i ...
Cerebrum - CM
... • Gray Matter: Cerebral Cortex (continued): • Neocortex is divided into three areas: primary motor cortex, primary sensory cortices, and association areas (continued): • Primary motor cortex – plans and executes movement • Primary sensory cortices – first regions to receive and process sensory input ...
... • Gray Matter: Cerebral Cortex (continued): • Neocortex is divided into three areas: primary motor cortex, primary sensory cortices, and association areas (continued): • Primary motor cortex – plans and executes movement • Primary sensory cortices – first regions to receive and process sensory input ...
Parallel Evolution of Cortical Areas Involved in Skilled Hand Use
... Neurons in area 5 responded to stimulation of deep or cutaneous receptors on the contralateral hand, forelimb, and shoulder, and in a few instances, responded to both cutaneous and deep stimulation (Figs. 2, 3). The most striking feature of area 5 is that it is dominated by the representation of the ...
... Neurons in area 5 responded to stimulation of deep or cutaneous receptors on the contralateral hand, forelimb, and shoulder, and in a few instances, responded to both cutaneous and deep stimulation (Figs. 2, 3). The most striking feature of area 5 is that it is dominated by the representation of the ...
Insular cortex – review
... Social awareness end empathy are just two of many cognitive processes that take their place in the anterior insular cortex and are observed to be correlated with the presence of clusters of von Economo neurons in frontoinsular cortex and the size of insular cortex compaired to the brain size. Bauern ...
... Social awareness end empathy are just two of many cognitive processes that take their place in the anterior insular cortex and are observed to be correlated with the presence of clusters of von Economo neurons in frontoinsular cortex and the size of insular cortex compaired to the brain size. Bauern ...
Functional architecture in monkey inferotemporal cortex revealed by
... by one of 12–16 stimuli, while others by more than three stimuli. There were spots specifically activated by faces, and the position of activation spot changed gradually along the cortical surface as the stimulus face was rotated in depth. The length of the overall region along the direction of shif ...
... by one of 12–16 stimuli, while others by more than three stimuli. There were spots specifically activated by faces, and the position of activation spot changed gradually along the cortical surface as the stimulus face was rotated in depth. The length of the overall region along the direction of shif ...
Acetylcholine Facilitates Recovery of Episodic Memory after Brain
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
Inferior temporal gyrus
The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal gyrus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception, and in the recognition of numbers.The inferior temporal gyrus is the anterior region of the temporal lobe located underneath the central temporal sulcus. The primary function of the inferior temporal gyrus - otherwise referenced as IT cortex - is associated with visual stimuli processing, namely visual object recognition, and has been suggested by recent experimental results as the final location of the ventral cortical visual system. The IT cortex in humans is also known as the Inferior Temporal Gyrus since it has been located to a specific region of the human temporal lobe. The IT processes visual stimuli of objects in our field of vision, and is involved with memory and memory recall to identify that object; it is involved with the processing and perception created by visual stimuli amplified in the V1, V2, V3, and V4 regions of the occipital lobe. This region processes the color and form of the object in the visual field and is responsible for producing the “what” from this visual stimuli, or in other words identifying the object based on the color and form of the object and comparing that processed information to stored memories of objects to identify that object.The IT cortex’s neurological significance is not just its contribution to the processing of visual stimuli in object recognition but also has been found to be a vital area with regards to simple processing of the visual field, difficulties with perceptual tasks and spatial awareness, and the location of unique single cells that possibly explain the IT cortex’s relation to memory.