PET Imaging of Differential Cortical Activation to
... minus baseline condition. In contrast, the left STG focus for TR Word-baseline was more focally confined to the posterior STG, extending ventrally rather than anteriorly (Fig. 1). Examination of the activation patterns of all four baseline comparisons revealed that both the Sentence and TR Sentence ...
... minus baseline condition. In contrast, the left STG focus for TR Word-baseline was more focally confined to the posterior STG, extending ventrally rather than anteriorly (Fig. 1). Examination of the activation patterns of all four baseline comparisons revealed that both the Sentence and TR Sentence ...
Integrated model of visual processing
... and 2D analysis of luminance borders. The next level is the 2 1 / 2 D sketch that encodes the position and orientation in depth of small surface elements in 3D and the final stage is the 3D representation that corresponds to the representation of objects in three dimensions. Thus, it is a model base ...
... and 2D analysis of luminance borders. The next level is the 2 1 / 2 D sketch that encodes the position and orientation in depth of small surface elements in 3D and the final stage is the 3D representation that corresponds to the representation of objects in three dimensions. Thus, it is a model base ...
Anatomical identification of primary auditory cortex in the developing
... have shown that location of A1 in adult gerbils is in a close relation with one branch of the inferior cerebral vein and the middle cerebral artery, which together form a conspicuous loop on the surface of the brain (4). Recently, using gerbil CT brain scan images, a 3D atlas fully compatible was co ...
... have shown that location of A1 in adult gerbils is in a close relation with one branch of the inferior cerebral vein and the middle cerebral artery, which together form a conspicuous loop on the surface of the brain (4). Recently, using gerbil CT brain scan images, a 3D atlas fully compatible was co ...
Rules relating connections to cortical structure in primate prefrontal cortex H. Barbas
... because their structure also varies systematically in primates (for review see [16]). Within the conceptual framework of the structural model, feedforward projections in sensory areas always originate in areas with higher laminar de4nition in comparison with the site of termination, while the opposi ...
... because their structure also varies systematically in primates (for review see [16]). Within the conceptual framework of the structural model, feedforward projections in sensory areas always originate in areas with higher laminar de4nition in comparison with the site of termination, while the opposi ...
Visual Memory and Visual Perception Recruit
... distinct cortical regions have also been associated with auditory-word perception, motor action, and olfactory perception (see Figure 2A). Auditory perception of sounds or words has been associated with bilateral activity in the superior temporal gyri extending into the inferior aspect of the Sylvia ...
... distinct cortical regions have also been associated with auditory-word perception, motor action, and olfactory perception (see Figure 2A). Auditory perception of sounds or words has been associated with bilateral activity in the superior temporal gyri extending into the inferior aspect of the Sylvia ...
Review Article Long-Term Memory Search across the
... good substrate for the visual rather than the lingual-type of LTM encoding. Humans are simply missing words to describe the exact shape of the missing fragment. From an fMRI standpoint, the coffee cup belongs to the category of neutral, nonliving, and motionless objects of round shapes. In practice, ...
... good substrate for the visual rather than the lingual-type of LTM encoding. Humans are simply missing words to describe the exact shape of the missing fragment. From an fMRI standpoint, the coffee cup belongs to the category of neutral, nonliving, and motionless objects of round shapes. In practice, ...
Functional imaging of human auditory cortex
... dorsal medial geniculate body and have cytoarchitectonic characteristics of association cortex [3,4]. Some progress has been made in understanding the role that different ACFs play in the analysis of auditory signals. However, auditory cortex is small (occupying less than 8% of the total cortical su ...
... dorsal medial geniculate body and have cytoarchitectonic characteristics of association cortex [3,4]. Some progress has been made in understanding the role that different ACFs play in the analysis of auditory signals. However, auditory cortex is small (occupying less than 8% of the total cortical su ...
memory systems in the brain
... Emotions can usefully be defined as states elicited by rewards and punishers (Rolls 1990, 1999a, 2000a). A reward is anything for which an animal will work. A punisher is anything an animal will work to escape or avoid. An example of an emotion might thus be happiness produced by being given a rewar ...
... Emotions can usefully be defined as states elicited by rewards and punishers (Rolls 1990, 1999a, 2000a). A reward is anything for which an animal will work. A punisher is anything an animal will work to escape or avoid. An example of an emotion might thus be happiness produced by being given a rewar ...
PROJECTIONS OF THE AMYGDALOID BODY TO THE INSULAR
... of the thalamus) which terminates in the insular cortex. It reaches, according to our results, both the agranular insular cortex and the anterior part of the granular insular cortex. According to Krettek and Price (5), this projection terminates in the posterior part of the granular insular cortex ...
... of the thalamus) which terminates in the insular cortex. It reaches, according to our results, both the agranular insular cortex and the anterior part of the granular insular cortex. According to Krettek and Price (5), this projection terminates in the posterior part of the granular insular cortex ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Oxford Academic
... characterized by variable degree of stability and decline. It is also unclear at which levels of neural and functional organization this selective vulnerability is expressed: individual cells and their organelles, cortical lamina, specific nuclei, cytoarchitectonically distinct cortical regions, neu ...
... characterized by variable degree of stability and decline. It is also unclear at which levels of neural and functional organization this selective vulnerability is expressed: individual cells and their organelles, cortical lamina, specific nuclei, cytoarchitectonically distinct cortical regions, neu ...
Models and Measurements of Functional Maps in V1
... from single-unit studies that individual neurons are preferentially sensitive to a small set of stimulus features and that neuronal sensitivity to these features varies across the cortical sheet within a visual area (Hubel and Wiesel 1962). Over the last 20 years, optical imaging has allowed the act ...
... from single-unit studies that individual neurons are preferentially sensitive to a small set of stimulus features and that neuronal sensitivity to these features varies across the cortical sheet within a visual area (Hubel and Wiesel 1962). Over the last 20 years, optical imaging has allowed the act ...
Multistable representation of speech forms: a functional - GIPSA-Lab
... pop up of [p}s], then to continue producing [p}s] while searching for the associated form (i.e., [sp}]), and so on. This procedure slightly differs from the classical verbal transformation paradigm in that, in the latter, subjects are not informed about expected transformations. However, since a pre ...
... pop up of [p}s], then to continue producing [p}s] while searching for the associated form (i.e., [sp}]), and so on. This procedure slightly differs from the classical verbal transformation paradigm in that, in the latter, subjects are not informed about expected transformations. However, since a pre ...
Self-Organization and Functional Role of Lateral Connections and
... such neurons and weakest to neurons with very di erent preferences. The global organization of size preferences and lateral connections can be visualized by labeling each neuron with a color that indicates the width of its RF, and plotting the patterns of lateral connections on top. As gure 3 shows ...
... such neurons and weakest to neurons with very di erent preferences. The global organization of size preferences and lateral connections can be visualized by labeling each neuron with a color that indicates the width of its RF, and plotting the patterns of lateral connections on top. As gure 3 shows ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... be confusing for structures which receive inputs from the temporal cortical visual areas. To investigate this we measured the responses of inferior temporal cortical neurons with face-selective responses in rhesus macaques performing a visual fixation task. We found that the response of neurons to a ...
... be confusing for structures which receive inputs from the temporal cortical visual areas. To investigate this we measured the responses of inferior temporal cortical neurons with face-selective responses in rhesus macaques performing a visual fixation task. We found that the response of neurons to a ...
mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex
... existence of separate processing streams has been tested by having subjects perform object-identity and spatial-localization tasks analogous to the tasks used with monkeys (Haxby et al 1994, Ungerleider & Haxby 1994). These studies demonstrated regions activated in the ventral occipitotemporal corte ...
... existence of separate processing streams has been tested by having subjects perform object-identity and spatial-localization tasks analogous to the tasks used with monkeys (Haxby et al 1994, Ungerleider & Haxby 1994). These studies demonstrated regions activated in the ventral occipitotemporal corte ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... The dichotomy between parallel and serial operations in visual search has been challenged by psychological models suggesting that all types of search task can be solved by a single parallel competitive mechanism. Duncan (1980) and Duncan and Humphreys (1989) have proposed a scheme that integrates bo ...
... The dichotomy between parallel and serial operations in visual search has been challenged by psychological models suggesting that all types of search task can be solved by a single parallel competitive mechanism. Duncan (1980) and Duncan and Humphreys (1989) have proposed a scheme that integrates bo ...
David H. Hubel - Nobel Lecture
... glued. All this was ideal for stimulating the retina and recording directly from retinal ganglion cells, since one could see the electrode tip and know where to stimulate, but for cortical recording it was horrible. Finding a receptive field on the retina was difficult, and we could never remember w ...
... glued. All this was ideal for stimulating the retina and recording directly from retinal ganglion cells, since one could see the electrode tip and know where to stimulate, but for cortical recording it was horrible. Finding a receptive field on the retina was difficult, and we could never remember w ...
Social perception from visual cues: role of the STS region
... the responsiveness of monkey STS cells to gaze and head direction. The results summarized in Fig. 1 are representative. In general, cells that were most responsive to the full face preferred eye contact, and cells that were tuned to the profile view of a face preferred averted gaze, but some cells s ...
... the responsiveness of monkey STS cells to gaze and head direction. The results summarized in Fig. 1 are representative. In general, cells that were most responsive to the full face preferred eye contact, and cells that were tuned to the profile view of a face preferred averted gaze, but some cells s ...
Cortical afferents to the smooth-pursuit region of the macaque
... the arcuate sulcus (Fig. 2A, f). Only layers I and II of this fold of cortex were exposed to tracer. The injection ...
... the arcuate sulcus (Fig. 2A, f). Only layers I and II of this fold of cortex were exposed to tracer. The injection ...
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus
... vary not only across different brain regions, but also as a function of the paradigm and task [38] (Box 2). As with single-cell data, fMRI responses tend to decrease monotonically with the number of repetitions [9,16,39], often reaching a plateau after six to eight repetitions [8,39]. RS is maximal ...
... vary not only across different brain regions, but also as a function of the paradigm and task [38] (Box 2). As with single-cell data, fMRI responses tend to decrease monotonically with the number of repetitions [9,16,39], often reaching a plateau after six to eight repetitions [8,39]. RS is maximal ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... to a low-contrast test line in the RF was enhanced when a high-contrast collinear flanker was presented outside this area (Nelson & Frost, 1985; Kapadia, Ito, Gilbert, & Westheimer, 1995; Kapadia, Westheimer, & Gilbert, 2000). There was no response to the flanker alone. What may be the biological role ...
... to a low-contrast test line in the RF was enhanced when a high-contrast collinear flanker was presented outside this area (Nelson & Frost, 1985; Kapadia, Ito, Gilbert, & Westheimer, 1995; Kapadia, Westheimer, & Gilbert, 2000). There was no response to the flanker alone. What may be the biological role ...
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus
... intervening stimuli between repeats [13,39], but has also been observed with tens of intervening stimuli [9] and even after multiple days between presentations [11,35,40]. Other factors that affect the level of RS are stimulus contrast [41], attention [42–44] and the duration of the initial stimulus ...
... intervening stimuli between repeats [13,39], but has also been observed with tens of intervening stimuli [9] and even after multiple days between presentations [11,35,40]. Other factors that affect the level of RS are stimulus contrast [41], attention [42–44] and the duration of the initial stimulus ...
The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts
... from various areas belonging to the ‘dorsal visual stream’ (among them areas MST and MT) that are involved in the analysis of optic flow and motion (Maunsell and Van Essen, 1983; Ungerleider and Desimone, 1986; Boussaoud et al., 1990). In addition, VIP receives somatosensory information from areas P ...
... from various areas belonging to the ‘dorsal visual stream’ (among them areas MST and MT) that are involved in the analysis of optic flow and motion (Maunsell and Van Essen, 1983; Ungerleider and Desimone, 1986; Boussaoud et al., 1990). In addition, VIP receives somatosensory information from areas P ...
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Polymicrogyria
... ular layer under the pia. Although this feature disappears by 27 to 30 weeks of gestation, areas of retained superficial granular layers can normally be found in the cortex of the temporal lobes and basal cortex of the frontal lobes throughout life. All cortical layers undergo special organization, ...
... ular layer under the pia. Although this feature disappears by 27 to 30 weeks of gestation, areas of retained superficial granular layers can normally be found in the cortex of the temporal lobes and basal cortex of the frontal lobes throughout life. All cortical layers undergo special organization, ...
Aberrant Localization of Synchronous Hemodynamic
... from within the motor cortex and correlating the fMRI time course from this voxel to all the other fMRI time courses within the brain (typically after low-pass filtering to remove highfrequency noise) (Xiong et al 1999). Voxels from ipsilateral cortex correlate highly with the seed point, as do the ...
... from within the motor cortex and correlating the fMRI time course from this voxel to all the other fMRI time courses within the brain (typically after low-pass filtering to remove highfrequency noise) (Xiong et al 1999). Voxels from ipsilateral cortex correlate highly with the seed point, as do the ...
Inferior temporal gyrus
The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal gyrus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception, and in the recognition of numbers.The inferior temporal gyrus is the anterior region of the temporal lobe located underneath the central temporal sulcus. The primary function of the inferior temporal gyrus - otherwise referenced as IT cortex - is associated with visual stimuli processing, namely visual object recognition, and has been suggested by recent experimental results as the final location of the ventral cortical visual system. The IT cortex in humans is also known as the Inferior Temporal Gyrus since it has been located to a specific region of the human temporal lobe. The IT processes visual stimuli of objects in our field of vision, and is involved with memory and memory recall to identify that object; it is involved with the processing and perception created by visual stimuli amplified in the V1, V2, V3, and V4 regions of the occipital lobe. This region processes the color and form of the object in the visual field and is responsible for producing the “what” from this visual stimuli, or in other words identifying the object based on the color and form of the object and comparing that processed information to stored memories of objects to identify that object.The IT cortex’s neurological significance is not just its contribution to the processing of visual stimuli in object recognition but also has been found to be a vital area with regards to simple processing of the visual field, difficulties with perceptual tasks and spatial awareness, and the location of unique single cells that possibly explain the IT cortex’s relation to memory.