100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... To study the mechanisms of homosynaptic depression, a paradigm was introduced by Dudek and Bear (1992) in which tetanic electrical stimulation of synapses was used to induce long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in brain slices (reviewed by Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated t ...
... To study the mechanisms of homosynaptic depression, a paradigm was introduced by Dudek and Bear (1992) in which tetanic electrical stimulation of synapses was used to induce long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in brain slices (reviewed by Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated t ...
The Cytoarchitectonic Map of Constantin von Economo and Georg N
... cerebral cortical layers, compared to Brodmann. By dissecting each gyrus and sulcus perpendicularly to its axis, von Economo and Koskinas successfully addressed the core problem of flattening out the convoluted polyhedral surface of the human cerebral mantle. They defined five structural cortical ty ...
... cerebral cortical layers, compared to Brodmann. By dissecting each gyrus and sulcus perpendicularly to its axis, von Economo and Koskinas successfully addressed the core problem of flattening out the convoluted polyhedral surface of the human cerebral mantle. They defined five structural cortical ty ...
PubMed Central CANADA
... close other. We also aimed to provide converging evidence of DN involvement from across-task functional connectivity, and resting-state functional connectivity analyses, to provide a more comprehensive delineation of this network. Using functional MRI we measured brain activity in young adults durin ...
... close other. We also aimed to provide converging evidence of DN involvement from across-task functional connectivity, and resting-state functional connectivity analyses, to provide a more comprehensive delineation of this network. Using functional MRI we measured brain activity in young adults durin ...
Preferred visually evoked spatial and temporal frequencies in
... information. The dorsal pathway is primarily involved in visual movement (spatial vision), with responses similar to M-cell properties, and is more associated with temporal frequencies. On the other hand the ventral stream has been found to process information more similar to P-cell responses, with ...
... information. The dorsal pathway is primarily involved in visual movement (spatial vision), with responses similar to M-cell properties, and is more associated with temporal frequencies. On the other hand the ventral stream has been found to process information more similar to P-cell responses, with ...
Two Phylogenetic Specializations in the Human Brain
... The spindle cells may serve to augment and relay the error-correcting information to other parts of the brain. The spindle cells are located in layer 5, which typically relays the output of cortical processing to other cortical areas and subcortical structures. The axons of the spindle cells are kno ...
... The spindle cells may serve to augment and relay the error-correcting information to other parts of the brain. The spindle cells are located in layer 5, which typically relays the output of cortical processing to other cortical areas and subcortical structures. The axons of the spindle cells are kno ...
Spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of neurons in
... Introduction The aim of the present study was to characterize the spatial and temporal filtering properties of neurons in the middle temporal area (MT, or V5), a key cortical field for the analysis of visual motion (Dubner & Zeki, 1971; see Britten, 2003 for review). Interest in the spatial and tempor ...
... Introduction The aim of the present study was to characterize the spatial and temporal filtering properties of neurons in the middle temporal area (MT, or V5), a key cortical field for the analysis of visual motion (Dubner & Zeki, 1971; see Britten, 2003 for review). Interest in the spatial and tempor ...
UShape Representation in the Inferior Temporal Cortex of MonkeysU
... *Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. tCenter for Computational and Biological Learning, and Department of Brain Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Background: The inferior temporal corte ...
... *Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. tCenter for Computational and Biological Learning, and Department of Brain Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Background: The inferior temporal corte ...
Functional Dissociation of Attentional Selection within PFC
... acquired using the BOLD technique (TR = 2500 ms, TE = 40 ms, flip angle = 90°), each consisting of 20 contiguous axial slices (matrix = 64 3 64, inplane resolution = 3.75 3 3.75 mm2, thickness = 6 mm, gap = 0.9 mm), parallel to the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line. Prior to the EPI image ...
... acquired using the BOLD technique (TR = 2500 ms, TE = 40 ms, flip angle = 90°), each consisting of 20 contiguous axial slices (matrix = 64 3 64, inplane resolution = 3.75 3 3.75 mm2, thickness = 6 mm, gap = 0.9 mm), parallel to the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line. Prior to the EPI image ...
Dysregulation of Arousal and Amygdala
... 8). We investigated limbic-prefrontal and arousal dysfunction in schizophrenia during perception of facial expressions. A growing number of studies have observed that impairments in facial emotion perception in schizophrenia patients are most pronounced for threat-related expressions such as fear (9 ...
... 8). We investigated limbic-prefrontal and arousal dysfunction in schizophrenia during perception of facial expressions. A growing number of studies have observed that impairments in facial emotion perception in schizophrenia patients are most pronounced for threat-related expressions such as fear (9 ...
Document
... • Areas 44 and 45 are Broca's area. These are motor speech areas – Important on the left or dominant hemisphere in majority of individuals – Brings about formation of words by its connections with adjacent primary motor area; muscles of larynx, mouth, tongue, soft palate – Lesion of this area on lef ...
... • Areas 44 and 45 are Broca's area. These are motor speech areas – Important on the left or dominant hemisphere in majority of individuals – Brings about formation of words by its connections with adjacent primary motor area; muscles of larynx, mouth, tongue, soft palate – Lesion of this area on lef ...
`What` Is Happening in the Dorsal Visual Pathway
... action is required (e.g., size, retinal position, and viewpoint) [24]. This is especially surprising because invariance is considered to be both characteristic of ventral object representations [45,46] and a necessary component for successful object recognition. This evidence suggests that the poste ...
... action is required (e.g., size, retinal position, and viewpoint) [24]. This is especially surprising because invariance is considered to be both characteristic of ventral object representations [45,46] and a necessary component for successful object recognition. This evidence suggests that the poste ...
Distributed patterns of reactivation predict vividness of recollection.
... reactivation increases linearly as a function of the number of details recalled for consciously retrieved images. These findings suggest that recollection and reactivation are different facets (one subjective, one objective) of the same underlying brain processes, but more evidence is needed. With t ...
... reactivation increases linearly as a function of the number of details recalled for consciously retrieved images. These findings suggest that recollection and reactivation are different facets (one subjective, one objective) of the same underlying brain processes, but more evidence is needed. With t ...
Wernicke`s area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and
... cortex lying between the specialized parakoniocortical auditory region and the homotypical cortex of the inferior parietal lobule (Galaburda & Sanides 1980). Based on extensive work in macaques, area Tpt is known to have connections with multisensory and higher order areas of the somatosensory, audi ...
... cortex lying between the specialized parakoniocortical auditory region and the homotypical cortex of the inferior parietal lobule (Galaburda & Sanides 1980). Based on extensive work in macaques, area Tpt is known to have connections with multisensory and higher order areas of the somatosensory, audi ...
connections of the cerebral cortex
... broadens. Its caudal end is half way through a series of transverse sections of the cerebrum. Those investigators who have identified functional cortical areas exclusively on the basis of cell studies might have made their analogies better if they had given more attention to connections. The extent ...
... broadens. Its caudal end is half way through a series of transverse sections of the cerebrum. Those investigators who have identified functional cortical areas exclusively on the basis of cell studies might have made their analogies better if they had given more attention to connections. The extent ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
... Figures 2 and 3. In rostral coronal sections, the region of area 17 containing labeled neurons extended medially no further than the suprasplenial sulcus (Figs. 2, A to C, and 3, A to F ). At caudal anterior-posterior levels, the region of label did not extend more medially than the crown of the lat ...
... Figures 2 and 3. In rostral coronal sections, the region of area 17 containing labeled neurons extended medially no further than the suprasplenial sulcus (Figs. 2, A to C, and 3, A to F ). At caudal anterior-posterior levels, the region of label did not extend more medially than the crown of the lat ...
The columnar organization of the neocortex
... neocortex. Columnar defining factors in homotypical areas are generated, in part, within the cortex itself. The set of all modules composing such an entity may be fractionated into different modular subsets by different extrinsic connections. Linkages between them and subsets in other large entities ...
... neocortex. Columnar defining factors in homotypical areas are generated, in part, within the cortex itself. The set of all modules composing such an entity may be fractionated into different modular subsets by different extrinsic connections. Linkages between them and subsets in other large entities ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... Submitted 26 September 2007; accepted in final form 7 November 2007 ...
... Submitted 26 September 2007; accepted in final form 7 November 2007 ...
From sensorimotor learning to memory cells in prefrontal and
... Fig. 2 e Brain areas, model architecture and connectivity. (A)e(B) Sets of cortical areas, which were imitated by the network’s area structure and long-distance connectivity. Sensory (different shades of blue) and motor (shades of red) areas relevant for learning the associations (A) between articul ...
... Fig. 2 e Brain areas, model architecture and connectivity. (A)e(B) Sets of cortical areas, which were imitated by the network’s area structure and long-distance connectivity. Sensory (different shades of blue) and motor (shades of red) areas relevant for learning the associations (A) between articul ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... middle temporal cortical area (MT), an area believed to be involved in the representation of visual motion. The response properties of these two neurons to stimuli are identical by construction, yet neuron B2 has no axon and hence serves no functional role whatsoever. Can one say what these two neur ...
... middle temporal cortical area (MT), an area believed to be involved in the representation of visual motion. The response properties of these two neurons to stimuli are identical by construction, yet neuron B2 has no axon and hence serves no functional role whatsoever. Can one say what these two neur ...
Laboratory Guide - Sites@Duke
... Lateral aspect of the brain. The cerebral hemispheres are relatively large in humans. They are entirely covered by a 2–3-mm thick layer of cells and cellular processes called the cerebral cortex. The surface of each hemisphere is highly infolded; the ridges thus formed are known as gyri (singular: g ...
... Lateral aspect of the brain. The cerebral hemispheres are relatively large in humans. They are entirely covered by a 2–3-mm thick layer of cells and cellular processes called the cerebral cortex. The surface of each hemisphere is highly infolded; the ridges thus formed are known as gyri (singular: g ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... the anterior wall of gyrus centralis posterior, highlighting interareal differences in pyramidal cell structure in the human brain (modified from Conel, 1959). ...
... the anterior wall of gyrus centralis posterior, highlighting interareal differences in pyramidal cell structure in the human brain (modified from Conel, 1959). ...
the cortical projection of the medial geniculate body
... These ablation experiments upon dogs and other animals were repeated as newer methods became available. Amongst others the method of conditioned reflexes was used. Kalischer (1907), Swift (1910), Zeliony (1913), and Karplus and Kreidl (1914) all concluded that neither bilateral nor even complete rem ...
... These ablation experiments upon dogs and other animals were repeated as newer methods became available. Amongst others the method of conditioned reflexes was used. Kalischer (1907), Swift (1910), Zeliony (1913), and Karplus and Kreidl (1914) all concluded that neither bilateral nor even complete rem ...
Inferior temporal gyrus
The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal gyrus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception, and in the recognition of numbers.The inferior temporal gyrus is the anterior region of the temporal lobe located underneath the central temporal sulcus. The primary function of the inferior temporal gyrus - otherwise referenced as IT cortex - is associated with visual stimuli processing, namely visual object recognition, and has been suggested by recent experimental results as the final location of the ventral cortical visual system. The IT cortex in humans is also known as the Inferior Temporal Gyrus since it has been located to a specific region of the human temporal lobe. The IT processes visual stimuli of objects in our field of vision, and is involved with memory and memory recall to identify that object; it is involved with the processing and perception created by visual stimuli amplified in the V1, V2, V3, and V4 regions of the occipital lobe. This region processes the color and form of the object in the visual field and is responsible for producing the “what” from this visual stimuli, or in other words identifying the object based on the color and form of the object and comparing that processed information to stored memories of objects to identify that object.The IT cortex’s neurological significance is not just its contribution to the processing of visual stimuli in object recognition but also has been found to be a vital area with regards to simple processing of the visual field, difficulties with perceptual tasks and spatial awareness, and the location of unique single cells that possibly explain the IT cortex’s relation to memory.