Article
... each neuron in the network contains for the discrimination of both sets of stimuli. Mutual information was determined based on the number of spikes in each neuron (see Experimental Procedures). The neurons containing information for the [100] 3 [200] and the [150; 100] 3 [150; 200] discriminations f ...
... each neuron in the network contains for the discrimination of both sets of stimuli. Mutual information was determined based on the number of spikes in each neuron (see Experimental Procedures). The neurons containing information for the [100] 3 [200] and the [150; 100] 3 [150; 200] discriminations f ...
Dendritic Morphology of Pyramidal Neurons in the
... The primate cerebral cortex is characterized by regional variation in the structure of pyramidal neurons, with more complex dendritic arbors and greater spine density observed in prefrontal compared with sensory and motor cortices. Although there are several investigations in humans and other primat ...
... The primate cerebral cortex is characterized by regional variation in the structure of pyramidal neurons, with more complex dendritic arbors and greater spine density observed in prefrontal compared with sensory and motor cortices. Although there are several investigations in humans and other primat ...
Author`s personal copy
... These observations have helped to establish two fundamental principles about the relationships between topographic organization, anatomical structure, and function in the brain. The first principle is that topographic maps represent their relevant sensory or motor dimensions continuously and complet ...
... These observations have helped to establish two fundamental principles about the relationships between topographic organization, anatomical structure, and function in the brain. The first principle is that topographic maps represent their relevant sensory or motor dimensions continuously and complet ...
Cortical connections of the visuomotor parietooccipital
... macaque superior parietal lobule (SPL): V6 and V6A (Galletti et al., 1996; see Fig. 1). V6 is a classic, retinotopically organized, extrastriate area in which the representation of the periphery of visual field is relatively emphasized in comparison with other extrastriate areas (Galletti et al., 199 ...
... macaque superior parietal lobule (SPL): V6 and V6A (Galletti et al., 1996; see Fig. 1). V6 is a classic, retinotopically organized, extrastriate area in which the representation of the periphery of visual field is relatively emphasized in comparison with other extrastriate areas (Galletti et al., 199 ...
What We Know and Do Not Know about the Functions of the
... expected outcomes, which may contribute to teaching signals early in reversal (Stalnaker et al., 2007). Alternatively, reversal learning may rely on rules regarding the occurrence rather than the value of reward per se (Murray and Izquierdo, 2007), suggesting different underlying mechanisms underlyi ...
... expected outcomes, which may contribute to teaching signals early in reversal (Stalnaker et al., 2007). Alternatively, reversal learning may rely on rules regarding the occurrence rather than the value of reward per se (Murray and Izquierdo, 2007), suggesting different underlying mechanisms underlyi ...
THE CINGULATE CORTEX AND HUMAN MEMORY PROCESSES
... Far less is known about the posterior cingulate cortex. According to the PubMed data base, there are almost six times fewer references to it in published works than there are to the anterior cingulate cortex. It is known that the posterior cingulate cortex activates in healthy humans when they are r ...
... Far less is known about the posterior cingulate cortex. According to the PubMed data base, there are almost six times fewer references to it in published works than there are to the anterior cingulate cortex. It is known that the posterior cingulate cortex activates in healthy humans when they are r ...
Visual Experience Is Necessary for Maintenance But Not
... delay, yet they could not be maintained if animals remained in the dark as adults. These results are unexpected and important for understanding how early experience may influence the ability to recover from temporary vision loss late in life. Some aspects of this study have been published previously ...
... delay, yet they could not be maintained if animals remained in the dark as adults. These results are unexpected and important for understanding how early experience may influence the ability to recover from temporary vision loss late in life. Some aspects of this study have been published previously ...
REPRESENTATION OF CENTRAL VISUAL FIELDS IN
... Discrete lesions were made in the primary visual cortex of 8 monkey hemispheres. None of these lesions involved white matter. In some monkeys the cortical lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not ap ...
... Discrete lesions were made in the primary visual cortex of 8 monkey hemispheres. None of these lesions involved white matter. In some monkeys the cortical lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not ap ...
Looking for the roots of cortical sensory computation in three
... computational properties of turtle primary visual cortex are more similar in essence to those of high-order cortices (e.g. parahippocampal, retrosplenial or infero-temporal), and that the true response properties of DCx neurons have yet to be discovered. Until recently, functional experiments in PCx ...
... computational properties of turtle primary visual cortex are more similar in essence to those of high-order cortices (e.g. parahippocampal, retrosplenial or infero-temporal), and that the true response properties of DCx neurons have yet to be discovered. Until recently, functional experiments in PCx ...
Functional Organization of Ferret Auditory Cortex
... classed as single units. For a minority of recordings, we were unable to demonstrate a refractory period and, in these cases, the unit was classified as a ‘small cluster’. We saw no evidence for differences in the response properties or the cortical distribution of data from such clusters compared wi ...
... classed as single units. For a minority of recordings, we were unable to demonstrate a refractory period and, in these cases, the unit was classified as a ‘small cluster’. We saw no evidence for differences in the response properties or the cortical distribution of data from such clusters compared wi ...
The Distribution of Chandelier Cell Axon Terminals that Express the
... are found in different cortical areas and species, including rats (Somogyi 1977; Minelli et al. 1995; Tamas and Szabadics 2004), guinea pigs (Gulyas et al. 1993), cats (Fairen and Valverde 1980; Fariñas and DeFelipe 1991), rabbits (Muller-Paschinger et al. 1983), mice (Chiu et al. 2002), ferrets (K ...
... are found in different cortical areas and species, including rats (Somogyi 1977; Minelli et al. 1995; Tamas and Szabadics 2004), guinea pigs (Gulyas et al. 1993), cats (Fairen and Valverde 1980; Fariñas and DeFelipe 1991), rabbits (Muller-Paschinger et al. 1983), mice (Chiu et al. 2002), ferrets (K ...
Dissertation 20161009 Text Citations
... assistance and support throughout this study. It has been a pleasure to work with and learn from him. Thank you also to my other committee members, Dr. Alice O’Toole, Dr. James Bartlett, and Dr. Amy Pinkham, whose contributions to the study design and insights on the analytical methods were invaluab ...
... assistance and support throughout this study. It has been a pleasure to work with and learn from him. Thank you also to my other committee members, Dr. Alice O’Toole, Dr. James Bartlett, and Dr. Amy Pinkham, whose contributions to the study design and insights on the analytical methods were invaluab ...
Neuronal Selectivities to Complex Object
... examined visual responses of cells in V2, V4, the posterior part of the inferotemporal cortex (posterior IT), and the anterior part of the inferotemporal cortex (anterior IT), using anesthetized macaque monkeys. 2. The critical feature for the activation was first determined for each recorded cell b ...
... examined visual responses of cells in V2, V4, the posterior part of the inferotemporal cortex (posterior IT), and the anterior part of the inferotemporal cortex (anterior IT), using anesthetized macaque monkeys. 2. The critical feature for the activation was first determined for each recorded cell b ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... evidence in both human and non-human primates that all prefrontal cortices have a role in inhibitory control, albeit within the domain of their specialization (for reviews see Shimamura, 1995; Roberts and Wallis, 2000). The phenomenon of inhibitory control is exemplified at the functional level in th ...
... evidence in both human and non-human primates that all prefrontal cortices have a role in inhibitory control, albeit within the domain of their specialization (for reviews see Shimamura, 1995; Roberts and Wallis, 2000). The phenomenon of inhibitory control is exemplified at the functional level in th ...
Neural networks underlying parietal lobe seizures: A
... the neocortical surface of the brain is shown. In this case, brain structures are explored with seven intracerebral multiple contact electrodes denoted by letters F, Pc, Pa, Pi, Op, Gc, Cs. The electrode F is located in the premotor cortex (Area 6 lateral and SMA in the internal contacts). Electrode ...
... the neocortical surface of the brain is shown. In this case, brain structures are explored with seven intracerebral multiple contact electrodes denoted by letters F, Pc, Pa, Pi, Op, Gc, Cs. The electrode F is located in the premotor cortex (Area 6 lateral and SMA in the internal contacts). Electrode ...
When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying
... Background: Exposure to bright light such as sunlight elicits a sneeze or prickling sensation in about one of every four individuals. This study presents the first scientific examination of this phenomenon, called ‘the photic sneeze reflex’. Methodology and Principal Findings: In the present experim ...
... Background: Exposure to bright light such as sunlight elicits a sneeze or prickling sensation in about one of every four individuals. This study presents the first scientific examination of this phenomenon, called ‘the photic sneeze reflex’. Methodology and Principal Findings: In the present experim ...
What can mice tell us about how vision works?
... area of the mouse primary and extrastriate visual cortex spans only several millimeters across the cortical surface [9], potentially allowing the entire system to be visualized simultaneously. A third, and less obvious (but nonetheless influential) reason why many labs are now using mice to study vi ...
... area of the mouse primary and extrastriate visual cortex spans only several millimeters across the cortical surface [9], potentially allowing the entire system to be visualized simultaneously. A third, and less obvious (but nonetheless influential) reason why many labs are now using mice to study vi ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... performed from the T1-weighted image. (3a) 66 cortical regions with clear anatomical landmarks are created and then (3b) individually subdivided into small regions of interest (ROIs) resulting in 998 ROIs. (4) Whole brain tractography is performed providing an estimate of axonal trajectories across ...
... performed from the T1-weighted image. (3a) 66 cortical regions with clear anatomical landmarks are created and then (3b) individually subdivided into small regions of interest (ROIs) resulting in 998 ROIs. (4) Whole brain tractography is performed providing an estimate of axonal trajectories across ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... performed from the T1-weighted image. (3a) 66 cortical regions with clear anatomical landmarks are created and then (3b) individually subdivided into small regions of interest (ROIs) resulting in 998 ROIs. (4) Whole brain tractography is performed providing an estimate of axonal trajectories across ...
... performed from the T1-weighted image. (3a) 66 cortical regions with clear anatomical landmarks are created and then (3b) individually subdivided into small regions of interest (ROIs) resulting in 998 ROIs. (4) Whole brain tractography is performed providing an estimate of axonal trajectories across ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... (0.25’ ) at the center of the screen, was generated by a stationary LED projector. A fixation point could be placed anywhere on the screen by using one of the optic bench stimuli. The same small spots used for testing direction and speed selectivity were also used for testing saccade and pursuit-rel ...
... (0.25’ ) at the center of the screen, was generated by a stationary LED projector. A fixation point could be placed anywhere on the screen by using one of the optic bench stimuli. The same small spots used for testing direction and speed selectivity were also used for testing saccade and pursuit-rel ...
A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. Since then, several experimental results have led us to revise this ...
... the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. Since then, several experimental results have led us to revise this ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
Cortical Algorithms for Perceptual Grouping
... belong to one object and to segregate them from other objects and the background. This review provides a conceptual framework of how perceptual grouping may be implemented in the visual cortex. According to this framework, two mechanisms are responsible for perceptual grouping: base-grouping and inc ...
... belong to one object and to segregate them from other objects and the background. This review provides a conceptual framework of how perceptual grouping may be implemented in the visual cortex. According to this framework, two mechanisms are responsible for perceptual grouping: base-grouping and inc ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... models have often overlooked it. This is not a necessary limitation and one might predict parallel hierarchies in parietal cortex based on the frequent coactivation of parietal and frontal regions in tasks of cognitive control (Duncan and Owen 2000; Duncan 2006); similar properties of parietal and p ...
... models have often overlooked it. This is not a necessary limitation and one might predict parallel hierarchies in parietal cortex based on the frequent coactivation of parietal and frontal regions in tasks of cognitive control (Duncan and Owen 2000; Duncan 2006); similar properties of parietal and p ...
US Copyright Law
... sons that had been donated for scientific research. These researchers found two prominent features of Einstein's brain that were very different from the normal control group of brains. The first observation was that the Sylvian fissure, the division that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal ...
... sons that had been donated for scientific research. These researchers found two prominent features of Einstein's brain that were very different from the normal control group of brains. The first observation was that the Sylvian fissure, the division that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal ...
Inferior temporal gyrus
The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal gyrus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception, and in the recognition of numbers.The inferior temporal gyrus is the anterior region of the temporal lobe located underneath the central temporal sulcus. The primary function of the inferior temporal gyrus - otherwise referenced as IT cortex - is associated with visual stimuli processing, namely visual object recognition, and has been suggested by recent experimental results as the final location of the ventral cortical visual system. The IT cortex in humans is also known as the Inferior Temporal Gyrus since it has been located to a specific region of the human temporal lobe. The IT processes visual stimuli of objects in our field of vision, and is involved with memory and memory recall to identify that object; it is involved with the processing and perception created by visual stimuli amplified in the V1, V2, V3, and V4 regions of the occipital lobe. This region processes the color and form of the object in the visual field and is responsible for producing the “what” from this visual stimuli, or in other words identifying the object based on the color and form of the object and comparing that processed information to stored memories of objects to identify that object.The IT cortex’s neurological significance is not just its contribution to the processing of visual stimuli in object recognition but also has been found to be a vital area with regards to simple processing of the visual field, difficulties with perceptual tasks and spatial awareness, and the location of unique single cells that possibly explain the IT cortex’s relation to memory.