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... columns, with cell dense cores, are typical of the main posteromedial field in rats (Rice, 1995). Variability is not reported for other columnar systems of connections, but this is likely because many of the systems are harder to visualize globally or require specialized tissue processing. In primar ...
... columns, with cell dense cores, are typical of the main posteromedial field in rats (Rice, 1995). Variability is not reported for other columnar systems of connections, but this is likely because many of the systems are harder to visualize globally or require specialized tissue processing. In primar ...
Section 1: Anatomy of the sensorimotor system
... There is currently controversy over exactly how many cortical motor areas exist. This is further confounded by disagreement over what criteria should be used to define a motor area. Proposed criteria include requirements that a motor area has projections to spinal motor neurons and a full representa ...
... There is currently controversy over exactly how many cortical motor areas exist. This is further confounded by disagreement over what criteria should be used to define a motor area. Proposed criteria include requirements that a motor area has projections to spinal motor neurons and a full representa ...
Cytoarchitecture of the canine perirhinal and postrhinal cortex
... have shown that the perirhinal cortex has numerous reciprocal connections with a number of cortical areas in the temporal, parietal, occipital and frontal cortex, both sensory and associative in function. Thus, it is a site of polymodal convergence where particular sensory systems can be introduced ...
... have shown that the perirhinal cortex has numerous reciprocal connections with a number of cortical areas in the temporal, parietal, occipital and frontal cortex, both sensory and associative in function. Thus, it is a site of polymodal convergence where particular sensory systems can be introduced ...
Visual areas and spatial summation in human visual cortex
... Functional MRI measurements can securely partition the human posterior occipital lobe into retinotopically organized visual areas (V1, V2 and V3) with experiments that last only 30 min. Methods for identifying functional areas in the dorsal and ventral aspect of the human occipital cortex, however, ...
... Functional MRI measurements can securely partition the human posterior occipital lobe into retinotopically organized visual areas (V1, V2 and V3) with experiments that last only 30 min. Methods for identifying functional areas in the dorsal and ventral aspect of the human occipital cortex, however, ...
Frontal lobe and cognitive development
... ganglia; in addition, it is profusely connected with the association cortex of occipital, temporal, and parietal regions (for detailed review of frontal connections, see Fuster, 1997b). The precise functional role of the connections of the prefrontal cortex is not entirely known, but can be inferred ...
... ganglia; in addition, it is profusely connected with the association cortex of occipital, temporal, and parietal regions (for detailed review of frontal connections, see Fuster, 1997b). The precise functional role of the connections of the prefrontal cortex is not entirely known, but can be inferred ...
Implications on visual apperception: energy, duration
... energetic conditions are achieved by spatiotemporal networks of dynamic mitochondrial distributions inside neurons. The generation of action potentials as well as synaptic transmission fundamentally depends on dynamic mitochondrial energetic/redox/Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential Δψm, as we ...
... energetic conditions are achieved by spatiotemporal networks of dynamic mitochondrial distributions inside neurons. The generation of action potentials as well as synaptic transmission fundamentally depends on dynamic mitochondrial energetic/redox/Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential Δψm, as we ...
Synchrony Unbound: Review A Critical Evaluation of
... level in the visual cortical hierarchy. The neurological literature supports the idea that binding is a high-level process. Visual binding deficits are vividly seen in Balint’s syndrome, “an acquired disturbance of the ability to perceive the visual field as a whole, resulting in the unpredictable p ...
... level in the visual cortical hierarchy. The neurological literature supports the idea that binding is a high-level process. Visual binding deficits are vividly seen in Balint’s syndrome, “an acquired disturbance of the ability to perceive the visual field as a whole, resulting in the unpredictable p ...
Vigneau et al.
... primary auditory areas and the motor mouth area, evidence of areas of overlap between phonological and semantic processing, in particular at the location of the selective human voice area that was the seat of partial overlap of the three language components, the evidence of a cortical area in the pa ...
... primary auditory areas and the motor mouth area, evidence of areas of overlap between phonological and semantic processing, in particular at the location of the selective human voice area that was the seat of partial overlap of the three language components, the evidence of a cortical area in the pa ...
Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
... was a color area were likely biased toward microelectrode recordings from color modules, while those reporting clear shape selectivity were likely biased toward recordings from noncolor modules (Conway and Tsao, 2006; Tanigawa et al., 2010). How does the presence of segregated functional domains imp ...
... was a color area were likely biased toward microelectrode recordings from color modules, while those reporting clear shape selectivity were likely biased toward recordings from noncolor modules (Conway and Tsao, 2006; Tanigawa et al., 2010). How does the presence of segregated functional domains imp ...
Document
... • Forms understanding of the stimulus like size, texture, and relationship of parts • Ex.: putting the hand in the pocket and feeling something. The center integrate previous information to identify objects without seeing them Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Forms understanding of the stimulus like size, texture, and relationship of parts • Ex.: putting the hand in the pocket and feeling something. The center integrate previous information to identify objects without seeing them Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
BETA ACTIVITY: A CARRIER FOR VISUAL ATTENTION
... and from occipital electrodes of subjects performing emotional and cognitive tasks (Ray and Cole 1985). Recording cortical LFPs from the vigilant cat pretrigeminal preparation we have observed the appearance of beta activity during the following reflex, when the eyes tracked the hand of the experime ...
... and from occipital electrodes of subjects performing emotional and cognitive tasks (Ray and Cole 1985). Recording cortical LFPs from the vigilant cat pretrigeminal preparation we have observed the appearance of beta activity during the following reflex, when the eyes tracked the hand of the experime ...
Magnetoencephalographic Investigation of Human Cortical Area V1
... global field power is therefore a measure of the total power in the detector array at time t. Peak latencies for each response were identified by plotting G(t ) as a function of time. The noise magnitude si provided an estimate of the error in G(t). We determined the chromatic response properties of ...
... global field power is therefore a measure of the total power in the detector array at time t. Peak latencies for each response were identified by plotting G(t ) as a function of time. The noise magnitude si provided an estimate of the error in G(t). We determined the chromatic response properties of ...
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... rates (3^25 pulses per second (pps)). A 2 s silent period separated the tone trains. The frequency of the RRTF tones was set to the frequency that resulted in consistent vigorous responses at both of the recording sites. In a few cases, tuning curves did not overlap and trains of two di¡erent tone f ...
... rates (3^25 pulses per second (pps)). A 2 s silent period separated the tone trains. The frequency of the RRTF tones was set to the frequency that resulted in consistent vigorous responses at both of the recording sites. In a few cases, tuning curves did not overlap and trains of two di¡erent tone f ...
Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex Jody C
... [LIP]) [10], reaching (parietal reach region [PRR], which includes both area V6A and the medial intraparietal area [MIP]) [11,12], grasping (anterior intraparietal area [AIP]) [13], processing of shape and orientation (caudal IPS [cIPS]) [14], and movements towards and contact with the mouth and hea ...
... [LIP]) [10], reaching (parietal reach region [PRR], which includes both area V6A and the medial intraparietal area [MIP]) [11,12], grasping (anterior intraparietal area [AIP]) [13], processing of shape and orientation (caudal IPS [cIPS]) [14], and movements towards and contact with the mouth and hea ...
Hemispheric asymmetries of cortical volume in the human brain
... examination. However, this assertion was based on old findings and was limited to cortical convexity; therefore its validity must be re-examined with up-to-date methods which would target both lateral and mesial aspects of the hemispheres. Here, we report hemispheric differences in regional human br ...
... examination. However, this assertion was based on old findings and was limited to cortical convexity; therefore its validity must be re-examined with up-to-date methods which would target both lateral and mesial aspects of the hemispheres. Here, we report hemispheric differences in regional human br ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... existence of separate processing streams has been tested by having subjects perform object-identity and spatial-localization tasks analogous to the tasks used with monkeys (Haxby et al 1994, Ungerleider & Haxby 1994). These studies demonstrated regions activated in the ventral occipitotemporal corte ...
... existence of separate processing streams has been tested by having subjects perform object-identity and spatial-localization tasks analogous to the tasks used with monkeys (Haxby et al 1994, Ungerleider & Haxby 1994). These studies demonstrated regions activated in the ventral occipitotemporal corte ...
Preliminary fMRI findings concerning the influence of 5‐HTP on food
... how physiological brain states can alter food preferences. A primary goal was to observe food-sensitive regions and moreover examine whether 5-HTP intake would activate areas which have been associated with appetite suppression, anorexia, satiety, and weight loss. Methods and Procedure: Fourteen h ...
... how physiological brain states can alter food preferences. A primary goal was to observe food-sensitive regions and moreover examine whether 5-HTP intake would activate areas which have been associated with appetite suppression, anorexia, satiety, and weight loss. Methods and Procedure: Fourteen h ...
Evolutionary roots offreedom
... edge and memory. Naturally, they deal as well with the neural transactions between the organism and the environment that depend on those functions. In the human brain, there are two separate cortical regions with areas of association. One is in the posterior part of the brain, extending over large p ...
... edge and memory. Naturally, they deal as well with the neural transactions between the organism and the environment that depend on those functions. In the human brain, there are two separate cortical regions with areas of association. One is in the posterior part of the brain, extending over large p ...
The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... modal sensory systems, the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and cingulate cortex (Suzuki and Amaral 1994a). Tracing studies have also demonstrated a rich network of intrinsic associational connections within the PRc, which presumably bind this multimodal information together (Lavenex et al. 2004). In l ...
... modal sensory systems, the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and cingulate cortex (Suzuki and Amaral 1994a). Tracing studies have also demonstrated a rich network of intrinsic associational connections within the PRc, which presumably bind this multimodal information together (Lavenex et al. 2004). In l ...
Mapping Retinotopic Structure in Mouse Visual Cortex with Optical
... Using stereotaxic coordinates as well as anatomical markers for area 17, we confirmed that the principal patches are located within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across all imaged single-condition maps and a ...
... Using stereotaxic coordinates as well as anatomical markers for area 17, we confirmed that the principal patches are located within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across all imaged single-condition maps and a ...
Multisensory contributions to low-level, `unisensory` processing
... convergence in low-level cortical processing Assuming that activity in auditory cortex generally corresponds to a perceptual experience of something heard, a probable function of a converging visual or somatosensory input would be to enhance auditory analysis of that stimulus. How does auditory proc ...
... convergence in low-level cortical processing Assuming that activity in auditory cortex generally corresponds to a perceptual experience of something heard, a probable function of a converging visual or somatosensory input would be to enhance auditory analysis of that stimulus. How does auditory proc ...
How the prefrontal executive got its stripes
... The relational rules of the structural model, and specialized and complementary pathways to distinct prefrontal sectors. (a) Feedback pathways originate in an area with less elaborate laminar structure than the destination (brown neurons); feedforward describes pathways that have the opposite relati ...
... The relational rules of the structural model, and specialized and complementary pathways to distinct prefrontal sectors. (a) Feedback pathways originate in an area with less elaborate laminar structure than the destination (brown neurons); feedforward describes pathways that have the opposite relati ...
Semantic ambiguity processing in sentence context: Evidence from
... be made between alternatives in both cases. In brain areas which support this process, we expect to see a pattern of activation in which S = D > C. Hence, this pattern will be interpreted as reflecting selection between equally available alternatives (selection). The second hypothesis considered her ...
... be made between alternatives in both cases. In brain areas which support this process, we expect to see a pattern of activation in which S = D > C. Hence, this pattern will be interpreted as reflecting selection between equally available alternatives (selection). The second hypothesis considered her ...
Role of right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in self
... obtains and evaluates information about the social context and relays this information to structures involved in emotion generation. Patient and neuroimaging studies offer converging evidence that a network involving prefrontal cortex plays an important role in self-conscious emotion. While some stu ...
... obtains and evaluates information about the social context and relays this information to structures involved in emotion generation. Patient and neuroimaging studies offer converging evidence that a network involving prefrontal cortex plays an important role in self-conscious emotion. While some stu ...
Analogues of simple and complex cells in rhesus monkey auditory
... categories of cells with distinct receptive field (RF) types (1): Simple cells have discrete subareas of a particular orientation that respond either to the onset or the offset of a small spot of light; complex cells, by contrast, respond with mixed ON and OFF responses throughout their RF. In additi ...
... categories of cells with distinct receptive field (RF) types (1): Simple cells have discrete subareas of a particular orientation that respond either to the onset or the offset of a small spot of light; complex cells, by contrast, respond with mixed ON and OFF responses throughout their RF. In additi ...
Inferior temporal gyrus
The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal gyrus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception, and in the recognition of numbers.The inferior temporal gyrus is the anterior region of the temporal lobe located underneath the central temporal sulcus. The primary function of the inferior temporal gyrus - otherwise referenced as IT cortex - is associated with visual stimuli processing, namely visual object recognition, and has been suggested by recent experimental results as the final location of the ventral cortical visual system. The IT cortex in humans is also known as the Inferior Temporal Gyrus since it has been located to a specific region of the human temporal lobe. The IT processes visual stimuli of objects in our field of vision, and is involved with memory and memory recall to identify that object; it is involved with the processing and perception created by visual stimuli amplified in the V1, V2, V3, and V4 regions of the occipital lobe. This region processes the color and form of the object in the visual field and is responsible for producing the “what” from this visual stimuli, or in other words identifying the object based on the color and form of the object and comparing that processed information to stored memories of objects to identify that object.The IT cortex’s neurological significance is not just its contribution to the processing of visual stimuli in object recognition but also has been found to be a vital area with regards to simple processing of the visual field, difficulties with perceptual tasks and spatial awareness, and the location of unique single cells that possibly explain the IT cortex’s relation to memory.