Chapter 11
... disproved the idea of “vital force.” - previously, it was thought that there were two types of matter (based on heating): melting/freezing cooking (required “vital force”) Carbon Atoms •Carbon atoms generally form 4 bonds (think about their electron configuration) •In “organic” compounds these bonds ...
... disproved the idea of “vital force.” - previously, it was thought that there were two types of matter (based on heating): melting/freezing cooking (required “vital force”) Carbon Atoms •Carbon atoms generally form 4 bonds (think about their electron configuration) •In “organic” compounds these bonds ...
Organic Molecules: Introduction and key concepts
... structures containing thousands of atoms! Although carbon is present in all organic compounds, other elements such as hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P) are also common in these molecules. Until the early nineteenth century, chemists had managed to make many simple ...
... structures containing thousands of atoms! Although carbon is present in all organic compounds, other elements such as hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P) are also common in these molecules. Until the early nineteenth century, chemists had managed to make many simple ...
Nomenclature - Clydebank High School
... This is the opposite of a condensation reaction. We are splitting the ester - back into the alkanol and alkanoic acid. We must add back the water which is removed in the condensation reaction. This is not very successful with water alone so we add a dilute acid to catalyse it e.g. HCl or H2SO4. (Or ...
... This is the opposite of a condensation reaction. We are splitting the ester - back into the alkanol and alkanoic acid. We must add back the water which is removed in the condensation reaction. This is not very successful with water alone so we add a dilute acid to catalyse it e.g. HCl or H2SO4. (Or ...
Sterilization & Disinfection
... Phenol coefficient, which is the ratio of the concentration of phenol to the concentration of the agent required to cause the same amount of killing under the standard conditions of the test. ...
... Phenol coefficient, which is the ratio of the concentration of phenol to the concentration of the agent required to cause the same amount of killing under the standard conditions of the test. ...
Period 5
... Structural Formulas To show how atoms are arranged in the molecules of a compound, chemist use a structural formula. A structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule. The Figure below shows the structural formulas for molecules of methane, ethane, and propane. Each ...
... Structural Formulas To show how atoms are arranged in the molecules of a compound, chemist use a structural formula. A structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule. The Figure below shows the structural formulas for molecules of methane, ethane, and propane. Each ...
Chapter Three
... In an elimination reaction, an atom or groups of atoms is lost from each of two adjacent carbon atoms, forming a new π bond ...
... In an elimination reaction, an atom or groups of atoms is lost from each of two adjacent carbon atoms, forming a new π bond ...
Chapter 5
... Alcohols have about the same pKa values as water. Aqueous solutions of alcohols have the same pH as that of pure water. ◦ Alcohols and phenols both contain an OH group. ◦ Phenols are weak acids and react with NaOH and other strong bases to form water-soluble salts. ...
... Alcohols have about the same pKa values as water. Aqueous solutions of alcohols have the same pH as that of pure water. ◦ Alcohols and phenols both contain an OH group. ◦ Phenols are weak acids and react with NaOH and other strong bases to form water-soluble salts. ...
No Slide Title
... Aromatics • Unsaturated cyclic compounds like benzene, which are unusually stable, are said to exhibit aromaticity. • Stability of the double bonds of benzene is due to the fact that the double bonds are not static. That is, the electrons of the double bond can freely move around the ring. This phen ...
... Aromatics • Unsaturated cyclic compounds like benzene, which are unusually stable, are said to exhibit aromaticity. • Stability of the double bonds of benzene is due to the fact that the double bonds are not static. That is, the electrons of the double bond can freely move around the ring. This phen ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... What is the range of Infrared radiations ?What are the units used in IR spectroscopy. What is chemical shift ?Why do we choose Tetra methyl silane (TMS) as a standard substance for recording chemical shift values. How many NMR signals would you expect from the following compounds i.Toluene ii.Allyl ...
... What is the range of Infrared radiations ?What are the units used in IR spectroscopy. What is chemical shift ?Why do we choose Tetra methyl silane (TMS) as a standard substance for recording chemical shift values. How many NMR signals would you expect from the following compounds i.Toluene ii.Allyl ...
Тест за III категорија, Општински натпревар по хемија, 14 март
... D. bases. E. acids. 24. What is the pH of aqueous solution of phenol? A. Acidic. B. Neutral. C. Weakly basic. D. Strongly basic. E. Phenol does not dissolve in water. 25. What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in the aldehyde functional group? A. sp ...
... D. bases. E. acids. 24. What is the pH of aqueous solution of phenol? A. Acidic. B. Neutral. C. Weakly basic. D. Strongly basic. E. Phenol does not dissolve in water. 25. What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in the aldehyde functional group? A. sp ...
Lesson 14.1 Acid
... The formation of complex ions can also be looked at as a Lewis acid-base reaction. Complex ions are formed when a metal bonds to electron paris from molecules such as H2O or NH3, or from anions such as CN-. An example of a complex ion is Al(H2O)63+. Hydrated ions like this are present in compounds ...
... The formation of complex ions can also be looked at as a Lewis acid-base reaction. Complex ions are formed when a metal bonds to electron paris from molecules such as H2O or NH3, or from anions such as CN-. An example of a complex ion is Al(H2O)63+. Hydrated ions like this are present in compounds ...
to get Period 2 8
... In some substances hydrocarbons, on or more hydrogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms. Recall that the only halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. ...
... In some substances hydrocarbons, on or more hydrogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms. Recall that the only halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. ...
Carbohydrate Structure
... CARBOHYDRATE. Plants use them for their own metabolic need and serve the metabolic need of animals. ...
... CARBOHYDRATE. Plants use them for their own metabolic need and serve the metabolic need of animals. ...
Presentation8_108
... soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol and ether. •Boiling points of alcohols Boiling point of alcohols are much higher than those of alkenes, halo alkenes or ethers of comparable molecular masses. This is because in alcohols intermolecular hydrogen bonding exists due to which a large amount of ...
... soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol and ether. •Boiling points of alcohols Boiling point of alcohols are much higher than those of alkenes, halo alkenes or ethers of comparable molecular masses. This is because in alcohols intermolecular hydrogen bonding exists due to which a large amount of ...
131 Learning Objectives
... Name organic compounds with carbon-heteroatom single bonds (oxygen, halogens, sulfur) Identify 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols and alkyl halides Predict the products or reactants for following reactions: Alcohol dehydration Alcohol oxidation Sulfur oxidation Sulfur reduction Chapter 15: The 3-D Shape of M ...
... Name organic compounds with carbon-heteroatom single bonds (oxygen, halogens, sulfur) Identify 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols and alkyl halides Predict the products or reactants for following reactions: Alcohol dehydration Alcohol oxidation Sulfur oxidation Sulfur reduction Chapter 15: The 3-D Shape of M ...
Chapter 13
... • The removal of water (dehydration) from an alcohol at 180°C is an elimination reaction that produces an alkene. ...
... • The removal of water (dehydration) from an alcohol at 180°C is an elimination reaction that produces an alkene. ...
intro to atoms, elements, compounds, etc
... So, if you separate the 2 hydrogen atoms from the oxygen atom, you no longer have one substance that behaves like water, but two substances that behave like a gas. Molecules are groups of atoms that combine to form a substance or chemical. For example, “H2O” is a MOLECULE of water – 2 HYDROGEN atoms ...
... So, if you separate the 2 hydrogen atoms from the oxygen atom, you no longer have one substance that behaves like water, but two substances that behave like a gas. Molecules are groups of atoms that combine to form a substance or chemical. For example, “H2O” is a MOLECULE of water – 2 HYDROGEN atoms ...
disinfectants - Ark Veterinary Centre
... What are the important types of micro-organisms to consider? A number of different organisms can infect cats - protozoa such as Toxoplasma gondii and Giardia lambliae, which are also important infections of humans, yeasts and fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas, Chlamydia psittaci and viruses. Of these, vi ...
... What are the important types of micro-organisms to consider? A number of different organisms can infect cats - protozoa such as Toxoplasma gondii and Giardia lambliae, which are also important infections of humans, yeasts and fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas, Chlamydia psittaci and viruses. Of these, vi ...
Organic Chemistry PowerPoint
... Unsaturated compounds because they don’t have full number of hydrogens To name alkenes by IUPAC system Find longest chain that has double bond in it, use prefix from alkanes but add “ene” instead of “ane” Start numbering the parent chain from the end that makes the double bond have the lowest number ...
... Unsaturated compounds because they don’t have full number of hydrogens To name alkenes by IUPAC system Find longest chain that has double bond in it, use prefix from alkanes but add “ene” instead of “ane” Start numbering the parent chain from the end that makes the double bond have the lowest number ...
Name: Chem 22 Final exam Spring `00 What product is formed when
... e) addtion of a hydride ion and a proton more or less at the same time 18. Which of the following describes “reductive amination?” a) an aldehyde or a ketone + a tertiary amine + H2/zeolite b) an aldehyde or a ketone + ammonia or a primary or a secondary amine + ...
... e) addtion of a hydride ion and a proton more or less at the same time 18. Which of the following describes “reductive amination?” a) an aldehyde or a ketone + a tertiary amine + H2/zeolite b) an aldehyde or a ketone + ammonia or a primary or a secondary amine + ...
Chapter 8 Test A
... 20. An _____________________________ hydrocarbon is one that has at least one double or triple bond between the carbon atoms or has a hydrogen atom replaced by something else. 21. A very hard mineral made only of carbon atoms is called ___________________ 22. Which group of hydrocarbons is considere ...
... 20. An _____________________________ hydrocarbon is one that has at least one double or triple bond between the carbon atoms or has a hydrogen atom replaced by something else. 21. A very hard mineral made only of carbon atoms is called ___________________ 22. Which group of hydrocarbons is considere ...
Organic and Polymer Chemistry
... Organic Nomenclature IUPAC Rules for Alkane Nomenclature: 1. Find and name the longest continuous carbon chain. 2. Identify and name groups attached to this chain. 3 Number the chain consecutively ...
... Organic Nomenclature IUPAC Rules for Alkane Nomenclature: 1. Find and name the longest continuous carbon chain. 2. Identify and name groups attached to this chain. 3 Number the chain consecutively ...
No Slide Title
... Naturally Occurring Oxygen-Containing Compounds • Lipids – Fats and Waxes (also called saponifiable lipids) ...
... Naturally Occurring Oxygen-Containing Compounds • Lipids – Fats and Waxes (also called saponifiable lipids) ...
Alcohols and phenols - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... Know how hydrogen bonds are formed and its effect on boiling points of alcohols Know the acidic properties of alcohols and phenols know the different methods that can be used to prepare alcohols and phenols. Know the chemical reactions of these compounds ( some reactions are review, others are ...
... Know how hydrogen bonds are formed and its effect on boiling points of alcohols Know the acidic properties of alcohols and phenols know the different methods that can be used to prepare alcohols and phenols. Know the chemical reactions of these compounds ( some reactions are review, others are ...
Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol, which is also called carbolic acid C6H5OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule.Synonyms are arenols or aryl alcohols.Phenolic compounds are synthesized industrially; they also are produced by plants and microorganisms, with variation between and within species.Although similar to alcohols, phenols have unique properties and are not classified as alcohols (since the hydroxyl group is not bonded to a saturated carbon atom). They have higher acidities due to the aromatic ring's tight coupling with the oxygen and a relatively loose bond between the oxygen and hydrogen. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pKa is usually between 10 and 12).Loss of a positive hydrogen ion (H+) from the hydroxyl group of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides, although the term aryloxides is preferred according to the IUPAC Gold Book. Phenols can have two or more hydroxy groups bonded to the aromatic ring(s) in the same molecule. The simplest examples are the three benzenediols, each having two hydroxy groups on a benzene ring.Organisms that synthesize phenolic compounds do so in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research.ref name=Klepacka Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants. Others possess estrogenic or endocrine disrupting activity.