TYPES OF HYBRIDIZATION AND GEOMETRY OF MOLECULES
... Know how hydrogen bonds are formed and its effect on boiling points of alcohols Know the acidic properties of alcohols and phenols know the different methods that can be used to prepare alcohols and phenols. Know the chemical reactions of these compounds ( some reactions are review, others are ...
... Know how hydrogen bonds are formed and its effect on boiling points of alcohols Know the acidic properties of alcohols and phenols know the different methods that can be used to prepare alcohols and phenols. Know the chemical reactions of these compounds ( some reactions are review, others are ...
A2 Chemistry
... Each C atom has 4 outer shell electrons. 3 of these e¯ bond to 2 other C atoms and 1 H atom. The bonds in this plane are called sigma bonds. The 4th outer shell e⁻ in a 2p orbital above and below the plane of the carbon atoms. ...
... Each C atom has 4 outer shell electrons. 3 of these e¯ bond to 2 other C atoms and 1 H atom. The bonds in this plane are called sigma bonds. The 4th outer shell e⁻ in a 2p orbital above and below the plane of the carbon atoms. ...
CONDENSATION POLYMERS
... easily subject to synthetic transformations. In other words, one functional group might easily be converted into another. In the case of a trans-esterification reaction, one ester simply gets converted into another. Some compounds have more than one functional group. A compound could be both an este ...
... easily subject to synthetic transformations. In other words, one functional group might easily be converted into another. In the case of a trans-esterification reaction, one ester simply gets converted into another. Some compounds have more than one functional group. A compound could be both an este ...
Chapter 21: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
... however this reaction is easy since the leaving group Cl- is a weaker base than NH2300 ...
... however this reaction is easy since the leaving group Cl- is a weaker base than NH2300 ...
C h e m g u id e –... ACID ANHYDRIDES: REACTIONS WITH WATER, ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS
... and so the top group in your target molecule must come from an acid anhydride, but a bigger one than ethanoic anhydride. You can ignore the other group on the ring as just a distraction. You haven’t come across any reaction which would attach a group like this to a benzene ring, so it must have been ...
... and so the top group in your target molecule must come from an acid anhydride, but a bigger one than ethanoic anhydride. You can ignore the other group on the ring as just a distraction. You haven’t come across any reaction which would attach a group like this to a benzene ring, so it must have been ...
elements of chemistry unit
... C4H10 Although the two compounds above have the same molecular formula, their structural formulas are different in the way that the 4 carbons are assembled. As seen below, structure is just as essential as composition to understanding organic chemistry. C4H10 ISOMERS The two varieties of C4H10 shown ...
... C4H10 Although the two compounds above have the same molecular formula, their structural formulas are different in the way that the 4 carbons are assembled. As seen below, structure is just as essential as composition to understanding organic chemistry. C4H10 ISOMERS The two varieties of C4H10 shown ...
11.1 Organic Chemistry
... • Ethers have anaesthetic properties, rendering higher organisms unconscious, “quieting” lower organisms. ...
... • Ethers have anaesthetic properties, rendering higher organisms unconscious, “quieting” lower organisms. ...
2202 Chapter 1 - Eric G. Lambert School
... C. Acids - acids form when hydrogen compounds are dissolved in water - the subscript (aq) is used to indicate aqueous or dissolved in water - 3 rules for naming acids ...
... C. Acids - acids form when hydrogen compounds are dissolved in water - the subscript (aq) is used to indicate aqueous or dissolved in water - 3 rules for naming acids ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: The chemistry of carbon compounds
... 3. -OH is the: 4. In _______________the carbonyl group is at the end of the chain. 5. _________________aldehydes have sharp, irritating odors. 6. ______________aldehydes have flowery odors and are diluted for perfumes. 7. What is produced in the human body when ethanol is oxidized? 8. Aromatics are: ...
... 3. -OH is the: 4. In _______________the carbonyl group is at the end of the chain. 5. _________________aldehydes have sharp, irritating odors. 6. ______________aldehydes have flowery odors and are diluted for perfumes. 7. What is produced in the human body when ethanol is oxidized? 8. Aromatics are: ...
selection of a disinfectant
... considerably reduced by organic matter (protein). Storage of stock or working solutions of bleach in open containers, particularly at high temperatures, releases chlorine gas thus weakening their germicidal potential. The frequency with which working solutions of bleach should be changed depends on ...
... considerably reduced by organic matter (protein). Storage of stock or working solutions of bleach in open containers, particularly at high temperatures, releases chlorine gas thus weakening their germicidal potential. The frequency with which working solutions of bleach should be changed depends on ...
Phenol - Macmillan Academy
... Sodium phenol reacts with sodium to form an ionic salt - sodium phenoxide hydrogen is also produced this reaction is similar to that with aliphatic alcohols such as ethanol 2C6H5OH(s) ...
... Sodium phenol reacts with sodium to form an ionic salt - sodium phenoxide hydrogen is also produced this reaction is similar to that with aliphatic alcohols such as ethanol 2C6H5OH(s) ...
Phenol - wellswaysciences
... • (i) With aqueous alkalis and sodium to form salts. • (i) With bromine to form 2,4,6tribromophenol. • To explain the relative ease of bromination of phenol compared with benzene. ...
... • (i) With aqueous alkalis and sodium to form salts. • (i) With bromine to form 2,4,6tribromophenol. • To explain the relative ease of bromination of phenol compared with benzene. ...
EX. Draw the structure of
... Naming and Drawing Alkyl Halides: Identify the root Identify the prefix: Name and number any alkyl side groups. Insert the number(s) of the carbon atom(s) bonded to the halogen(s). Use the prefix(es) that identify the specific halogen(s) ...
... Naming and Drawing Alkyl Halides: Identify the root Identify the prefix: Name and number any alkyl side groups. Insert the number(s) of the carbon atom(s) bonded to the halogen(s). Use the prefix(es) that identify the specific halogen(s) ...
Tips for Organic Chemistry Success
... Inorganic compounds: cpds which are NOT hydrocarbons (~1.5 million) Organic compounds: cpds which contain hydrogen & carbon (thus, hydrocarbons & derivatives) (~ 7 million) “Organic Chemistry” started, as a branch of chemistry, when F. Wohler disproved the idea of “vital force.” - previously, it was ...
... Inorganic compounds: cpds which are NOT hydrocarbons (~1.5 million) Organic compounds: cpds which contain hydrogen & carbon (thus, hydrocarbons & derivatives) (~ 7 million) “Organic Chemistry” started, as a branch of chemistry, when F. Wohler disproved the idea of “vital force.” - previously, it was ...
CHM 222: Organic Chemistry III
... 4. When 2-ethyl-1-butanol is treated with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in concentrated hydrochloric acid, a mixture of chloroalkanes forms, including chiefly 2-ethyl-1-chlorobutane, 3-chlorohexane, 2-chlorohexane, and 3-chloro3-methylpentane. When 2-ethyl-1-butanol is treated with thionyl chloride in pyrid ...
... 4. When 2-ethyl-1-butanol is treated with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in concentrated hydrochloric acid, a mixture of chloroalkanes forms, including chiefly 2-ethyl-1-chlorobutane, 3-chlorohexane, 2-chlorohexane, and 3-chloro3-methylpentane. When 2-ethyl-1-butanol is treated with thionyl chloride in pyrid ...
Saturated Hydrocarbon
... Most arenes have pleasant odors. That is why they are called “________________ __________________”. Fossil Fuels: Hydrocarbons made from the decay of organic compounds over millions of years ago. (Nonrenewable source of fuel) The three fossil fuels are: Natural gas, ____________________, and _______ ...
... Most arenes have pleasant odors. That is why they are called “________________ __________________”. Fossil Fuels: Hydrocarbons made from the decay of organic compounds over millions of years ago. (Nonrenewable source of fuel) The three fossil fuels are: Natural gas, ____________________, and _______ ...
Ch. 4: Carbon
... Because it also has a carboxyl group, glycine is both an amine and a carboxylic acid; compounds with both groups are called amino acids. ...
... Because it also has a carboxyl group, glycine is both an amine and a carboxylic acid; compounds with both groups are called amino acids. ...
Lecture Resource ()
... Secondary and tertiary alcohols undergo SN1 reactions with hydrogen halides ...
... Secondary and tertiary alcohols undergo SN1 reactions with hydrogen halides ...
Παρουσίαση του PowerPoint
... The aim of this lecture is to show how this planning is done: to help you learn the disconnection or synthon approach to organic synthesis. This approach is analytical: we start with the molecule we want to make (the target molecule) and break it down by a series of disconnection into possible start ...
... The aim of this lecture is to show how this planning is done: to help you learn the disconnection or synthon approach to organic synthesis. This approach is analytical: we start with the molecule we want to make (the target molecule) and break it down by a series of disconnection into possible start ...
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
... (d) Power alcohol Alcohol mixed with petrol or fuel and used In internal combustion engines Is known as power alcohol. (e) Wood spirit Methyl alcohol (CH3OH) is also called wood spirit. It is obtained by destructive distillation of wood. Pyroligneous add, the product of destructive distillation of w ...
... (d) Power alcohol Alcohol mixed with petrol or fuel and used In internal combustion engines Is known as power alcohol. (e) Wood spirit Methyl alcohol (CH3OH) is also called wood spirit. It is obtained by destructive distillation of wood. Pyroligneous add, the product of destructive distillation of w ...
Topic 19 Assessed Homework - A
... Draw the structure of the organic species formed when glutamic acid reacts with each of the following. (i) ...
... Draw the structure of the organic species formed when glutamic acid reacts with each of the following. (i) ...
Παρουσίαση του PowerPoint
... During the retrosynthetic analysis of compound 2 the retrosynthetic cleavage (or disconnection) B nucleophile(-) and electrophile (+). The correct alternative, based in known chemical transformations, is in this case leading to 3 and 4. O ...
... During the retrosynthetic analysis of compound 2 the retrosynthetic cleavage (or disconnection) B nucleophile(-) and electrophile (+). The correct alternative, based in known chemical transformations, is in this case leading to 3 and 4. O ...
I I I I I I
... YTS9,!M Z!R��CL'M �a931;M \l.Ul9�t·'C"1 ·+�rtJl�4TI1� m;'Toln.:.l.l' ;1t1l.,t03'"A\1 IlAl·j:()'61.!.l '''ltlslt ...
... YTS9,!M Z!R��CL'M �a931;M \l.Ul9�t·'C"1 ·+�rtJl�4TI1� m;'Toln.:.l.l' ;1t1l.,t03'"A\1 IlAl·j:()'61.!.l '''ltlslt ...
Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol, which is also called carbolic acid C6H5OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule.Synonyms are arenols or aryl alcohols.Phenolic compounds are synthesized industrially; they also are produced by plants and microorganisms, with variation between and within species.Although similar to alcohols, phenols have unique properties and are not classified as alcohols (since the hydroxyl group is not bonded to a saturated carbon atom). They have higher acidities due to the aromatic ring's tight coupling with the oxygen and a relatively loose bond between the oxygen and hydrogen. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pKa is usually between 10 and 12).Loss of a positive hydrogen ion (H+) from the hydroxyl group of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides, although the term aryloxides is preferred according to the IUPAC Gold Book. Phenols can have two or more hydroxy groups bonded to the aromatic ring(s) in the same molecule. The simplest examples are the three benzenediols, each having two hydroxy groups on a benzene ring.Organisms that synthesize phenolic compounds do so in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research.ref name=Klepacka Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants. Others possess estrogenic or endocrine disrupting activity.