Exam 2 review sheet
... acetals as protecting groups; thioacetals, reduction of thioacetals; (4) imine formation, (1o amine, acid catalysis); enamine formation (2o amine and carbonyl compound must have α-H for removal in last step; acid catalysis); (5) Wittig reaction, preparation of Wittig reagent, no control over E/Z ste ...
... acetals as protecting groups; thioacetals, reduction of thioacetals; (4) imine formation, (1o amine, acid catalysis); enamine formation (2o amine and carbonyl compound must have α-H for removal in last step; acid catalysis); (5) Wittig reaction, preparation of Wittig reagent, no control over E/Z ste ...
GRADE 12A: Chemistry 6
... compared with an isolated double bond; know that the chemistry of side chains is similar to that of aliphatic compounds. 11A.24.20 Compare the preparation and ...
... compared with an isolated double bond; know that the chemistry of side chains is similar to that of aliphatic compounds. 11A.24.20 Compare the preparation and ...
Acids, Bases, and Salts Section 1 Acids and Bases
... Titration Used to determine the concentrations of an acidic or basic solution 2. A solution of known concentration is the standard solution 3. An acid/base indicator is added to an unknown solution 4. A color change that is constant is the end point. ...
... Titration Used to determine the concentrations of an acidic or basic solution 2. A solution of known concentration is the standard solution 3. An acid/base indicator is added to an unknown solution 4. A color change that is constant is the end point. ...
PowerPoint - Organic Chemistry
... “Examples” in table 24.1 • Each member must have the exact same molecule (thus you must agree on structure) • Show me the structure(s) after building each ...
... “Examples” in table 24.1 • Each member must have the exact same molecule (thus you must agree on structure) • Show me the structure(s) after building each ...
Organic Lab
... basic, the hydroxyl group makes the alcohols in many ways like water, H-OH. For example, the smaller alcohols are fully miscible with water in all proportions. Alcohols are similar to water in that they also react with sodium, releasing hydrogen. Alcohols, however, react more slowly with sodium than ...
... basic, the hydroxyl group makes the alcohols in many ways like water, H-OH. For example, the smaller alcohols are fully miscible with water in all proportions. Alcohols are similar to water in that they also react with sodium, releasing hydrogen. Alcohols, however, react more slowly with sodium than ...
Chapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols
... Electron-withdrawing substituents make a phenol more acidic by stabilizing the phenoxide ion through delocalization of the negative charge and through inductive effects Electron-donating substituents make a phenol less acidic by destabilizing the phenoxide ion (resonance effect) The location of the ...
... Electron-withdrawing substituents make a phenol more acidic by stabilizing the phenoxide ion through delocalization of the negative charge and through inductive effects Electron-donating substituents make a phenol less acidic by destabilizing the phenoxide ion (resonance effect) The location of the ...
C. Branched Chains and Substitute Groups
... -Carbon has 4 valence electrons and likes to share electrons with other atoms (including itself) to make four stable covalent bonds. -Most common partners are hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. -Hydrocarbons are a group which have only carbon and hydrogen. These are what we use as fuel because of the h ...
... -Carbon has 4 valence electrons and likes to share electrons with other atoms (including itself) to make four stable covalent bonds. -Most common partners are hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. -Hydrocarbons are a group which have only carbon and hydrogen. These are what we use as fuel because of the h ...
Mass Spec - Fragmentation
... fragmentation reactions of certain molecules is available. Using this knowledge, we can predict how a given molecule might fragment. But first a few conventions…. ...
... fragmentation reactions of certain molecules is available. Using this knowledge, we can predict how a given molecule might fragment. But first a few conventions…. ...
Notes
... a) The parent chain must contain the atom attached to the –OH group. Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain so that the –OH group is given the lower number b) The name of the parent chain ends with “-ol” instead of “-e”. # of C Atoms ...
... a) The parent chain must contain the atom attached to the –OH group. Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain so that the –OH group is given the lower number b) The name of the parent chain ends with “-ol” instead of “-e”. # of C Atoms ...
Acidity of Alcohols
... Butylated hydroxy anisol (BHA)and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) are used as food preservative (cave: allargy). OH ...
... Butylated hydroxy anisol (BHA)and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) are used as food preservative (cave: allargy). OH ...
Alcohols - Chem1-tsu
... several mouthwashes, deodorant soaps and medicinal skin cleansers. The simple ether ethoxyethane has been used as an anaesthetic for a long time and is widely used as a solvent too. Some alcohols, phenols and ethers occur in nature and are used in the manufacture of perfumes and flavors due to their ...
... several mouthwashes, deodorant soaps and medicinal skin cleansers. The simple ether ethoxyethane has been used as an anaesthetic for a long time and is widely used as a solvent too. Some alcohols, phenols and ethers occur in nature and are used in the manufacture of perfumes and flavors due to their ...
Organic Structure Notes
... c. Wallace Carothers and Julian Hill, 1930’s, examined a sticky product of that was formed when mixing two organic compounds. It easily fell apart and seemed useless, 1. BUT upon further review could be stretched into long, silky fibers. 2. What they discovered was NYLON. Natural and Synthetic polym ...
... c. Wallace Carothers and Julian Hill, 1930’s, examined a sticky product of that was formed when mixing two organic compounds. It easily fell apart and seemed useless, 1. BUT upon further review could be stretched into long, silky fibers. 2. What they discovered was NYLON. Natural and Synthetic polym ...
H1- Functional Groups Theory Sheet Alcohol An alcohol group
... also occur where the nitrogen can have alkyl groups instead of the H atoms. ...
... also occur where the nitrogen can have alkyl groups instead of the H atoms. ...
Chapter23
... 23.4 Polymerization - In this section, you will learn some characteristics of monmers and polymers. 1. Addition Polymers Up until this point, we have considered organic molecules of low molar mass, but some of the most important organic molecules are giant molecules called polymers. You see polymer ...
... 23.4 Polymerization - In this section, you will learn some characteristics of monmers and polymers. 1. Addition Polymers Up until this point, we have considered organic molecules of low molar mass, but some of the most important organic molecules are giant molecules called polymers. You see polymer ...
Carbon Compounds
... A mixture of ethyne and oxygen is burnt for welding. Why do we not use a mixture of ethyne and air? (i) Explain, why ethene decolourises bromine water whereas ethane does not. (ii) Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil. What do you mean by heteroatom ...
... A mixture of ethyne and oxygen is burnt for welding. Why do we not use a mixture of ethyne and air? (i) Explain, why ethene decolourises bromine water whereas ethane does not. (ii) Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil. What do you mean by heteroatom ...
Chapter 4 Carbon
... • Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties – Structural isomers have different covalent arrangements of their atoms – Cis-trans isomers have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements – Enantiomers are isomers that are mirror image ...
... • Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties – Structural isomers have different covalent arrangements of their atoms – Cis-trans isomers have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements – Enantiomers are isomers that are mirror image ...
Document
... • Biomolecules are large organic molecules found in living organisms—proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are ...
... • Biomolecules are large organic molecules found in living organisms—proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are ...
CA_Sci8_Chapter_10
... • Biomolecules are large organic molecules found in living organisms—proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are ...
... • Biomolecules are large organic molecules found in living organisms—proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are ...
PowerPoint - Organic Chemistry
... “Examples” in table 24.1 • Each member must have the exact same molecule (thus you must agree on structure) • Show me the structure(s) after building each ...
... “Examples” in table 24.1 • Each member must have the exact same molecule (thus you must agree on structure) • Show me the structure(s) after building each ...
Lesson 3 Mechanisms of Organic Reactions
... Electrophiles are often positively charged. Typical electrophiles are a proton, halonium ions (Cl+ and Br+), carbocations, or neutral molecules such as sulfur trioxide, SO3, or compounds of the general formula R-X, where X is an electron-withdrawing group. Nucleophiles are often, though not always, ...
... Electrophiles are often positively charged. Typical electrophiles are a proton, halonium ions (Cl+ and Br+), carbocations, or neutral molecules such as sulfur trioxide, SO3, or compounds of the general formula R-X, where X is an electron-withdrawing group. Nucleophiles are often, though not always, ...
Organic Compounds
... through the action of some vital force organic compounds originate in living or once-living matter inorganic compounds come from "mineral" or non-living matter ...
... through the action of some vital force organic compounds originate in living or once-living matter inorganic compounds come from "mineral" or non-living matter ...
Chem 3.5 Questions 09
... Compound G is a structural isomer of A with the same functional group. Compare and contrast the reactions of G with the reagents in question (a) to that of compound A. Your answer should include: ...
... Compound G is a structural isomer of A with the same functional group. Compare and contrast the reactions of G with the reagents in question (a) to that of compound A. Your answer should include: ...
Chapter 25. The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
... Aromatic structures are formally related to benzene (C6H6). • Many aromatic compounds are given common names (e.g., naphthalene, toluene, anthracene). ...
... Aromatic structures are formally related to benzene (C6H6). • Many aromatic compounds are given common names (e.g., naphthalene, toluene, anthracene). ...
Slide 1
... They are nonpolar molecules and consequently are not soluble in water but are soluble in typical nonpolar organic solvents like toluene or pentane. Hydrocarbons are constructed of chains or rings of carbon atoms with sufficient hydrogens to fulfill carbons need for four bonds. ...
... They are nonpolar molecules and consequently are not soluble in water but are soluble in typical nonpolar organic solvents like toluene or pentane. Hydrocarbons are constructed of chains or rings of carbon atoms with sufficient hydrogens to fulfill carbons need for four bonds. ...
Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol, which is also called carbolic acid C6H5OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule.Synonyms are arenols or aryl alcohols.Phenolic compounds are synthesized industrially; they also are produced by plants and microorganisms, with variation between and within species.Although similar to alcohols, phenols have unique properties and are not classified as alcohols (since the hydroxyl group is not bonded to a saturated carbon atom). They have higher acidities due to the aromatic ring's tight coupling with the oxygen and a relatively loose bond between the oxygen and hydrogen. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pKa is usually between 10 and 12).Loss of a positive hydrogen ion (H+) from the hydroxyl group of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides, although the term aryloxides is preferred according to the IUPAC Gold Book. Phenols can have two or more hydroxy groups bonded to the aromatic ring(s) in the same molecule. The simplest examples are the three benzenediols, each having two hydroxy groups on a benzene ring.Organisms that synthesize phenolic compounds do so in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research.ref name=Klepacka Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants. Others possess estrogenic or endocrine disrupting activity.