Lecture #3 – Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
... a. AMINO GROUP: (Your “basic” relative) -NH2 a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton. Organic compounds in this group are called amines. b. Because glycine has an amine group and a carboxylic acid, compounds with both are called something very important – amino acids – t ...
... a. AMINO GROUP: (Your “basic” relative) -NH2 a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton. Organic compounds in this group are called amines. b. Because glycine has an amine group and a carboxylic acid, compounds with both are called something very important – amino acids – t ...
lipids - Glebe
... o Polyunsaturated fatty acids = many double bonds Double bond causes a bend in the fatty acid, reducing the strength of the London forces → LIQUIDS at room temperature (oils) Predominantly produced by plants (olive oil, canola oil, etc.) ...
... o Polyunsaturated fatty acids = many double bonds Double bond causes a bend in the fatty acid, reducing the strength of the London forces → LIQUIDS at room temperature (oils) Predominantly produced by plants (olive oil, canola oil, etc.) ...
04_lecture_presentation
... • Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties – Structural isomers have different covalent arrangements of their atoms – Cis-trans isomers have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements – Enantiomers are isomers that are mirror image ...
... • Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties – Structural isomers have different covalent arrangements of their atoms – Cis-trans isomers have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements – Enantiomers are isomers that are mirror image ...
Organic Compounds
... Because they are nonpolar, all hydrocarbons are insoluble in water. The boiling point of alkanes is somewhat higher than alkenes but lower than alkynes. As the number of atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule increases, the boiling point increases. ...
... Because they are nonpolar, all hydrocarbons are insoluble in water. The boiling point of alkanes is somewhat higher than alkenes but lower than alkynes. As the number of atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule increases, the boiling point increases. ...
4 Organic and Biochemical Compounds
... atom. A carbon atom forms a double bond if it shares two of its electrons with another atom. A carbon atom forms a triple bond if it shares three of its electrons. A carbon atom cannot form more than four total bonds at one time. ...
... atom. A carbon atom forms a double bond if it shares two of its electrons with another atom. A carbon atom forms a triple bond if it shares three of its electrons. A carbon atom cannot form more than four total bonds at one time. ...
Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding
... Electron withdrawing substituents increase the acidity: F3CCOOH pKa = 0.23 Carboxylate anion named as an alkanoate: formate, acetate, pentanoate ...
... Electron withdrawing substituents increase the acidity: F3CCOOH pKa = 0.23 Carboxylate anion named as an alkanoate: formate, acetate, pentanoate ...
Alkaloids - Angelfire
... serve specific biological functions. In some plants, the concentration of alkaloids increases just prior to seed formation and then drops off when the seed is ripe, suggesting that alkaloids may play a role in this process. Alkaloids may also protect some plants from destruction by certain insect sp ...
... serve specific biological functions. In some plants, the concentration of alkaloids increases just prior to seed formation and then drops off when the seed is ripe, suggesting that alkaloids may play a role in this process. Alkaloids may also protect some plants from destruction by certain insect sp ...
Organic Chemistry Review
... What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid? What is the ending given to carboxylic acid names? What is the name of these organics? ...
... What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid? What is the ending given to carboxylic acid names? What is the name of these organics? ...
Organic Chemistry 25.2 Introduction to Hydrocarbons
... Hydrocarbons are relatively unreactive; for an organic molecule to be reactive it needs something additional. ...
... Hydrocarbons are relatively unreactive; for an organic molecule to be reactive it needs something additional. ...
Carboxylic Acids
... and stabilizing the acid anion. The positive inductive effect of E-groups is very small through more than two or three carbon-carbon bonds. Electron donating groups reduce the partially positive charge of carboxyl carbon atom , thus strengthening the O—H bond => not easily break. There will be inten ...
... and stabilizing the acid anion. The positive inductive effect of E-groups is very small through more than two or three carbon-carbon bonds. Electron donating groups reduce the partially positive charge of carboxyl carbon atom , thus strengthening the O—H bond => not easily break. There will be inten ...
22.4 Hydrocarbon Rings
... “WE R FAMILY” Functional groups determine the family a substance is in. ...
... “WE R FAMILY” Functional groups determine the family a substance is in. ...
Carbon, because of its valence electrons, can form four bonds and
... Condensation Reaction—a reaction in which two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine and a molecule of water is produced. Hydrolysis Reaction—a reaction between water and another substance to form one or more new substances (opposite of condensation reaction) Lipids—a type of biological che ...
... Condensation Reaction—a reaction in which two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine and a molecule of water is produced. Hydrolysis Reaction—a reaction between water and another substance to form one or more new substances (opposite of condensation reaction) Lipids—a type of biological che ...
CHEMISTRY OF MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS Classification -1 s
... (2) Li2CO3, LiOH , LiNO3 decompose to give Li2O. Other members of the group are stable. 2LiOH on heating ∆→ Li2O + H2O (3) Li2CO3, LiOH, LiF are much less soluble in water than the corresponding Na or K compounds due to its covalent character. That is, they are similar to Mg compounds. (4) Polarisin ...
... (2) Li2CO3, LiOH , LiNO3 decompose to give Li2O. Other members of the group are stable. 2LiOH on heating ∆→ Li2O + H2O (3) Li2CO3, LiOH, LiF are much less soluble in water than the corresponding Na or K compounds due to its covalent character. That is, they are similar to Mg compounds. (4) Polarisin ...
The general reaction for the esterification of an organic acid with an
... Ester Lab Introduction The general reaction for the esterification of an organic acid with an alcohol is R-COOH + HO-R’ R-CO-OR’ + H2O Esterification reactions are a kind of elimination or condensation reaction. In this reaction, R and R’ represent hydrocarbon chains, which may be the same or diff ...
... Ester Lab Introduction The general reaction for the esterification of an organic acid with an alcohol is R-COOH + HO-R’ R-CO-OR’ + H2O Esterification reactions are a kind of elimination or condensation reaction. In this reaction, R and R’ represent hydrocarbon chains, which may be the same or diff ...
Synthesis and Characterization of N- Cbz L- Aspartic acid β
... They are particularly important in biochemistry, where the term usually refers to alpha-amino acids. An alpha-amino acid has the generic formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent; the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (the α–carbon). ...
... They are particularly important in biochemistry, where the term usually refers to alpha-amino acids. An alpha-amino acid has the generic formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent; the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (the α–carbon). ...
Final Exam, Chem 111 2012 Study Guide (labs)
... a. Sketch a vacuum filtration apparatus. b. Demonstrate proficiency in carrying out vacuum filtration. c. Describe key safety considerations associated with saponification (and other work-up procedures associated with the synthesis of an carboxylic acid). 2. Be familiar with organic synthesis strate ...
... a. Sketch a vacuum filtration apparatus. b. Demonstrate proficiency in carrying out vacuum filtration. c. Describe key safety considerations associated with saponification (and other work-up procedures associated with the synthesis of an carboxylic acid). 2. Be familiar with organic synthesis strate ...
Carbonyl Compounds
... The reaction is reversible. It is driven to completion by using a small excess of the carboxylic acid and by distilling out the water from the reaction mixture as it is formed. ...
... The reaction is reversible. It is driven to completion by using a small excess of the carboxylic acid and by distilling out the water from the reaction mixture as it is formed. ...
Carboxylic Acids, Amines, and Amides
... • The parent chains of amines are named by dropping “e” from the name of the corresponding hydrocarbon and adding “amine.” • Write the carbon number of the point of attachment to the nitrogen in front of the parent name. ...
... • The parent chains of amines are named by dropping “e” from the name of the corresponding hydrocarbon and adding “amine.” • Write the carbon number of the point of attachment to the nitrogen in front of the parent name. ...
SCH 4U
... b. Explain how you could use physical properties to tell the substances apart – be sure to be specific as to what would be observed. (3 marks) ...
... b. Explain how you could use physical properties to tell the substances apart – be sure to be specific as to what would be observed. (3 marks) ...
3 · Organic Chemistry 3 · Organic Chemistry C3H8
... C 1. parent chain A. group of atoms off the parent chain (e.g. methyl or ethyl). B 2. isomer B. same parts, two molecules with the same molecular formula but different H 3. polymer structural formulas. E 4. structural formula C. longest string of carbon atoms in a molecule. D 5. bonding capacity D. ...
... C 1. parent chain A. group of atoms off the parent chain (e.g. methyl or ethyl). B 2. isomer B. same parts, two molecules with the same molecular formula but different H 3. polymer structural formulas. E 4. structural formula C. longest string of carbon atoms in a molecule. D 5. bonding capacity D. ...
Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol, which is also called carbolic acid C6H5OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule.Synonyms are arenols or aryl alcohols.Phenolic compounds are synthesized industrially; they also are produced by plants and microorganisms, with variation between and within species.Although similar to alcohols, phenols have unique properties and are not classified as alcohols (since the hydroxyl group is not bonded to a saturated carbon atom). They have higher acidities due to the aromatic ring's tight coupling with the oxygen and a relatively loose bond between the oxygen and hydrogen. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pKa is usually between 10 and 12).Loss of a positive hydrogen ion (H+) from the hydroxyl group of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides, although the term aryloxides is preferred according to the IUPAC Gold Book. Phenols can have two or more hydroxy groups bonded to the aromatic ring(s) in the same molecule. The simplest examples are the three benzenediols, each having two hydroxy groups on a benzene ring.Organisms that synthesize phenolic compounds do so in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research.ref name=Klepacka Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants. Others possess estrogenic or endocrine disrupting activity.