Chapter 17 - Academic Brooklyn Cuny
... (-A min obu tyric acid, GABA) [(S)--Aminop ropionic acid; L-alanine] ...
... (-A min obu tyric acid, GABA) [(S)--Aminop ropionic acid; L-alanine] ...
Section 3.5 Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Names
... Molecular Compounds: Formulas and Names Solution • The compound NCl3 is nitrogen trichloride , but AlCl3 is just aluminum chloride. Why? • NCl3 is a covalent (molecular compound). Since nitrogen and chlorine can combine more than one way it is necessary to indicate the number of chlorines. • AlCl3 i ...
... Molecular Compounds: Formulas and Names Solution • The compound NCl3 is nitrogen trichloride , but AlCl3 is just aluminum chloride. Why? • NCl3 is a covalent (molecular compound). Since nitrogen and chlorine can combine more than one way it is necessary to indicate the number of chlorines. • AlCl3 i ...
Compounds Containing A Single Bond To A
... • Secondary (2°) alcohols are oxidized to ketones (R2CO), by replacing one C—H bond by one C—O bond. ...
... • Secondary (2°) alcohols are oxidized to ketones (R2CO), by replacing one C—H bond by one C—O bond. ...
CH4 Student Revision Guides pdf | GCE AS/A
... Although all 11 H atoms are the same, the absorption depends on the environment of the hydrogen atom. The magnetic field at the nucleus is not the same as the applied magnetic field because the charged electrons also interact with the applied magnetic field. The difference between the two is called ...
... Although all 11 H atoms are the same, the absorption depends on the environment of the hydrogen atom. The magnetic field at the nucleus is not the same as the applied magnetic field because the charged electrons also interact with the applied magnetic field. The difference between the two is called ...
Organic Chemistry
... single bonds. Alkanes are saturated with single bonds. Compounds that are unsaturated have double and triple bonds, therefore, they have less hydrogen atoms. Alkenes and ...
... single bonds. Alkanes are saturated with single bonds. Compounds that are unsaturated have double and triple bonds, therefore, they have less hydrogen atoms. Alkenes and ...
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS - NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
... contains a copper(II) complex ion giving a blue solution on warming, it will oxidise aliphatic (but not aromatic) aldehydes the copper(II) is reduced to copper(I) a red precipitate of copper(I) oxide, Cu2O, is formed ...
... contains a copper(II) complex ion giving a blue solution on warming, it will oxidise aliphatic (but not aromatic) aldehydes the copper(II) is reduced to copper(I) a red precipitate of copper(I) oxide, Cu2O, is formed ...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Tutorial
... as "ethylbenzene". However, when aromatic hydrocarbons are part of a larger, more complex organic structure, they may be referred to as substituents as illustrated in the example below: CH3 O ...
... as "ethylbenzene". However, when aromatic hydrocarbons are part of a larger, more complex organic structure, they may be referred to as substituents as illustrated in the example below: CH3 O ...
Handout 7
... In conclusion, all steps included in the conversion of an aldehyde or ketone to acetal or ketal via hemiacetal or hemiketal as intermediates, are reversible. Performing the reaction in large excess of an anhydrous alcohol and a small amount of an anhydrous acid will strongly favour the formation of ...
... In conclusion, all steps included in the conversion of an aldehyde or ketone to acetal or ketal via hemiacetal or hemiketal as intermediates, are reversible. Performing the reaction in large excess of an anhydrous alcohol and a small amount of an anhydrous acid will strongly favour the formation of ...
Catalysts 1
... excellent catalysts for efficient acetylation of various types of structurally diverse alcohols with acetic anhydride. Other metal salts such as TiCl4-AgClO4 [31], LiClO4 [32], CoCl2 [11], and Mg(ClO4)2 [33] have also been successfully used. In 2004, Phukan used iodine as a catalyst for the acetylat ...
... excellent catalysts for efficient acetylation of various types of structurally diverse alcohols with acetic anhydride. Other metal salts such as TiCl4-AgClO4 [31], LiClO4 [32], CoCl2 [11], and Mg(ClO4)2 [33] have also been successfully used. In 2004, Phukan used iodine as a catalyst for the acetylat ...
Organic Chemistry II Introduction
... groups • More electrophilic carbonyl groups are more reactive to addition (acyl halides are most reactive, amides are least) • The intermediate with the best leaving group decomposes fastest Spring, 2011 ...
... groups • More electrophilic carbonyl groups are more reactive to addition (acyl halides are most reactive, amides are least) • The intermediate with the best leaving group decomposes fastest Spring, 2011 ...
Chapter-6 Biological activity of newly prepared
... multicellular microorganisms such as yeasts and molds. They are also responsible for some diseases. ...
... multicellular microorganisms such as yeasts and molds. They are also responsible for some diseases. ...
CH 3 OH(l) + CH 3 COCl(l) ——> CH 3 COOCH 3
... Acids are named according to standard IUPAC rules • select the longest chain of C atoms containing the COOH group; • remove the e and add oic acid after the basic name • number the chain starting from the end nearer the COOH group • as in alkanes, prefix with alkyl substituents • side chain position ...
... Acids are named according to standard IUPAC rules • select the longest chain of C atoms containing the COOH group; • remove the e and add oic acid after the basic name • number the chain starting from the end nearer the COOH group • as in alkanes, prefix with alkyl substituents • side chain position ...
CH 3 - IBChem.com
... Acids are named according to standard IUPAC rules • select the longest chain of C atoms containing the COOH group; • remove the e and add oic acid after the basic name • number the chain starting from the end nearer the COOH group • as in alkanes, prefix with alkyl substituents • side chain position ...
... Acids are named according to standard IUPAC rules • select the longest chain of C atoms containing the COOH group; • remove the e and add oic acid after the basic name • number the chain starting from the end nearer the COOH group • as in alkanes, prefix with alkyl substituents • side chain position ...
Amino Acids
... They are all composed of amino acids linked together by amide bonds or “peptide bonds”. These linkages are formed by effecting a “dehydration” reaction between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxylic acid group of another amino acid. ...
... They are all composed of amino acids linked together by amide bonds or “peptide bonds”. These linkages are formed by effecting a “dehydration” reaction between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxylic acid group of another amino acid. ...
PDF document
... factors. An electron transfer-type process thus forming cation-radical species 12 as the key intermediates, which were further transformed to products 9, 10 or 11, was postulated as the reaction pathway (Scheme 3). A method for efficient synthesis of various types of para-quinols or para-quinol ethe ...
... factors. An electron transfer-type process thus forming cation-radical species 12 as the key intermediates, which were further transformed to products 9, 10 or 11, was postulated as the reaction pathway (Scheme 3). A method for efficient synthesis of various types of para-quinols or para-quinol ethe ...
benzene - 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室
... • In the 1820s, a pure liquid hydrocarbon called benzene was first isolated. Chemists found that the molecular formula of this new substance was C6H6, but it took some time for them to figure out a structure which was consistent with the properties of benzene. • Open-chain structures, such as CH2=CH ...
... • In the 1820s, a pure liquid hydrocarbon called benzene was first isolated. Chemists found that the molecular formula of this new substance was C6H6, but it took some time for them to figure out a structure which was consistent with the properties of benzene. • Open-chain structures, such as CH2=CH ...
Alcohols I Reading: Wade chapter 10, sections 10-1- 10
... Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LiAlH4) is a stronger reducing agent than sodium borohydride that can reduce all carbonyl compounds. Ketones are reduced to 2° alcohols; all other carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, esters, acids, acid chlorides) are reduced to primary alcohols. O ...
... Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LiAlH4) is a stronger reducing agent than sodium borohydride that can reduce all carbonyl compounds. Ketones are reduced to 2° alcohols; all other carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, esters, acids, acid chlorides) are reduced to primary alcohols. O ...
Disinfection MSc
... Rideal-Walker and Chick Martin Tests Disinfectant is compared with a phenolic in its ability to kill S. typhi. This is meaningless because: • Test org. is inappropriate • R-W test does not include organic material • A phenolic coefficient is meaningless for a nonphenolic. • The tests are unrepeatabl ...
... Rideal-Walker and Chick Martin Tests Disinfectant is compared with a phenolic in its ability to kill S. typhi. This is meaningless because: • Test org. is inappropriate • R-W test does not include organic material • A phenolic coefficient is meaningless for a nonphenolic. • The tests are unrepeatabl ...
or H - No Brain Too Small
... (reaction with water) This is the reverse of esterification reaction! Since esters are insoluble in water they don’t react “easily’ with water, so need heat + acid OR heat + alkali. Acid hydrolysis H+/H2O + heat C2H5COOC2H5 + H2O C2H5COOH + C2H5OH Alkaline hydrolysis NaOH(aq) + heat C2H5COOC2H5 + ...
... (reaction with water) This is the reverse of esterification reaction! Since esters are insoluble in water they don’t react “easily’ with water, so need heat + acid OR heat + alkali. Acid hydrolysis H+/H2O + heat C2H5COOC2H5 + H2O C2H5COOH + C2H5OH Alkaline hydrolysis NaOH(aq) + heat C2H5COOC2H5 + ...
General Anesthetics
... …General Anesthetics (Benzodiazepines) Midazolam (Versed) a benzodiazepine that is CNS depressant; used IV to induce anesthesia. Midazolam has lower lipid/water partition coefficient and an improved pharmacokinetic properties. Lorazepam (generic, Ativan) – almost insoluble in water. Is also a CNS d ...
... …General Anesthetics (Benzodiazepines) Midazolam (Versed) a benzodiazepine that is CNS depressant; used IV to induce anesthesia. Midazolam has lower lipid/water partition coefficient and an improved pharmacokinetic properties. Lorazepam (generic, Ativan) – almost insoluble in water. Is also a CNS d ...
06. Alcohols. Phenols. Ethers
... are called monohydric alcohols. These are further classified as primary (1'), secondary (2'), and tertiary (3') according as the ОН group is attached to primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms respectively. For example: ...
... are called monohydric alcohols. These are further classified as primary (1'), secondary (2'), and tertiary (3') according as the ОН group is attached to primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms respectively. For example: ...
Document
... Chemical reactions of organic compounds have provided an abundance of products we rely on. However, the properties that make them so useful can ...
... Chemical reactions of organic compounds have provided an abundance of products we rely on. However, the properties that make them so useful can ...
Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol, which is also called carbolic acid C6H5OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule.Synonyms are arenols or aryl alcohols.Phenolic compounds are synthesized industrially; they also are produced by plants and microorganisms, with variation between and within species.Although similar to alcohols, phenols have unique properties and are not classified as alcohols (since the hydroxyl group is not bonded to a saturated carbon atom). They have higher acidities due to the aromatic ring's tight coupling with the oxygen and a relatively loose bond between the oxygen and hydrogen. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pKa is usually between 10 and 12).Loss of a positive hydrogen ion (H+) from the hydroxyl group of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides, although the term aryloxides is preferred according to the IUPAC Gold Book. Phenols can have two or more hydroxy groups bonded to the aromatic ring(s) in the same molecule. The simplest examples are the three benzenediols, each having two hydroxy groups on a benzene ring.Organisms that synthesize phenolic compounds do so in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research.ref name=Klepacka Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants. Others possess estrogenic or endocrine disrupting activity.