Document
... NOT: A functional group in an organic molecule is an atom or group of atoms that always reacts in a certain way. The addition of a functional group to a hydrocarbon structure always produces a substance with physical and chemical properties that differ from those of the parent hydrocarbon. 9. ANS: a ...
... NOT: A functional group in an organic molecule is an atom or group of atoms that always reacts in a certain way. The addition of a functional group to a hydrocarbon structure always produces a substance with physical and chemical properties that differ from those of the parent hydrocarbon. 9. ANS: a ...
Chapter 20 reactions of carbonyls
... • The reaction is completely enantioselective. • For example, reduction of pyruvic acid with NADH catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase affords a single enantiomer with the S configuration. • NADH reduces a variety of different carbonyl compounds in biological systems. • The configuration of the produc ...
... • The reaction is completely enantioselective. • For example, reduction of pyruvic acid with NADH catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase affords a single enantiomer with the S configuration. • NADH reduces a variety of different carbonyl compounds in biological systems. • The configuration of the produc ...
Full-Text PDF
... The high reactivity of aldehydes makes them a key functional group in organic chemistry. This group is widespread in Nature, and its use in the synthesis of natural products is noteworthy. Furthermore, as efficient electrophiles, aldehydes can undergo further transformations to be converted into an ...
... The high reactivity of aldehydes makes them a key functional group in organic chemistry. This group is widespread in Nature, and its use in the synthesis of natural products is noteworthy. Furthermore, as efficient electrophiles, aldehydes can undergo further transformations to be converted into an ...
a. b. c. d.
... II. A clumsy stockroom worker (totally unlike ours at TU) has forgotten to label three bottles of similar organic substances. One is 2‐phenylethanol. Another is acetophenone (C6H5C(=O)CH3) and the third is phenylacetic acid (C6H5CH2COOH). Smell could help with the identity, but the worker has a c ...
... II. A clumsy stockroom worker (totally unlike ours at TU) has forgotten to label three bottles of similar organic substances. One is 2‐phenylethanol. Another is acetophenone (C6H5C(=O)CH3) and the third is phenylacetic acid (C6H5CH2COOH). Smell could help with the identity, but the worker has a c ...
The alcohols
... selected topics at AS and A2 level Chemistry. It is based on the requirements of the AQA and OCR specifications but is suitable for other examination boards. Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes or it may be used for classroom teaching if an interactive white board ...
... selected topics at AS and A2 level Chemistry. It is based on the requirements of the AQA and OCR specifications but is suitable for other examination boards. Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes or it may be used for classroom teaching if an interactive white board ...
No Slide Title
... selected topics at AS and A2 level Chemistry. It is based on the requirements of the AQA and OCR specifications but is suitable for other examination boards. Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes or it may be used for classroom teaching if an interactive white board ...
... selected topics at AS and A2 level Chemistry. It is based on the requirements of the AQA and OCR specifications but is suitable for other examination boards. Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes or it may be used for classroom teaching if an interactive white board ...
Stereochemistry - Kantipur Engineering College
... 7. Sequence rule for assigning R or S configuration to the stereocenters This rule was developed by Cahn, Ingold, and Prelog to assign R and S configuration to the stereocenters. This system of nomenclature is also known as R, S-system or Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system and has been a part of IUPAC system ...
... 7. Sequence rule for assigning R or S configuration to the stereocenters This rule was developed by Cahn, Ingold, and Prelog to assign R and S configuration to the stereocenters. This system of nomenclature is also known as R, S-system or Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system and has been a part of IUPAC system ...
CHEMISTRY 314-01 MIDTERM # 1 – answer key February 10, 2009
... One expects three peaks for the molecular ion. Since 79Br and 81Br are equally abundant, the intensity of the M+ and the (M+4)+ should be the same. However, the (M+2)+ signal should have double intensity, because the combination 79Br and 81Br is twice as likely statistically. So the ratio of M+ : (M ...
... One expects three peaks for the molecular ion. Since 79Br and 81Br are equally abundant, the intensity of the M+ and the (M+4)+ should be the same. However, the (M+2)+ signal should have double intensity, because the combination 79Br and 81Br is twice as likely statistically. So the ratio of M+ : (M ...
Chapter 13 Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbon
... because it is the substituent that determines how the compound functions chemically (how the compound reacts). The type of chemical reactions will be determined by the functional group because it is the chemically active part (site) on the molecule. Organic chemists classify organic compounds accord ...
... because it is the substituent that determines how the compound functions chemically (how the compound reacts). The type of chemical reactions will be determined by the functional group because it is the chemically active part (site) on the molecule. Organic chemists classify organic compounds accord ...
ch12 by dina
... Example 2. Synthesize the following compound using an alcohol of not more than 4 carbons as the only organic starting material ...
... Example 2. Synthesize the following compound using an alcohol of not more than 4 carbons as the only organic starting material ...
File
... • Treatment of an amide with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl) forms a carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt. ...
... • Treatment of an amide with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl) forms a carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt. ...
Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
... The following example illistrates a reaction that occurs by nucleophilic addition of hydride ion to the polar C≡N bond, yielding an imine anion. The imine anion undergoes another nucleophilic addition to yield a ...
... The following example illistrates a reaction that occurs by nucleophilic addition of hydride ion to the polar C≡N bond, yielding an imine anion. The imine anion undergoes another nucleophilic addition to yield a ...
Ketones
... This chemical change results in a bad flavour and smell from the food. If left exposed to air for even a short time, butter will spoil due to the formation of butanoic acid as the butter is hydrolysed. Antioxidants are molecules that play an important role in preventing our food from spoiling too qu ...
... This chemical change results in a bad flavour and smell from the food. If left exposed to air for even a short time, butter will spoil due to the formation of butanoic acid as the butter is hydrolysed. Antioxidants are molecules that play an important role in preventing our food from spoiling too qu ...
Revision Booklet
... This chemical change results in a bad flavour and smell from the food. If left exposed to air for even a short time, butter will spoil due to the formation of butanoic acid as the butter is hydrolysed. Antioxidants are molecules that play an important role in preventing our food from spoiling too qu ...
... This chemical change results in a bad flavour and smell from the food. If left exposed to air for even a short time, butter will spoil due to the formation of butanoic acid as the butter is hydrolysed. Antioxidants are molecules that play an important role in preventing our food from spoiling too qu ...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
... iii. Conversion of Carboxylic Acids into Amides The reaction can not be achieved easily by direct reaction between carboxylic acids and amines as the latter is a base and results in the formation of un-reactive carboxylate anion. In practice, amides are usually prepared by treating the carboxylic a ...
... iii. Conversion of Carboxylic Acids into Amides The reaction can not be achieved easily by direct reaction between carboxylic acids and amines as the latter is a base and results in the formation of un-reactive carboxylate anion. In practice, amides are usually prepared by treating the carboxylic a ...
Ch24_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best
... and its negative charge. Therefore this part of the molecule is hydrophilic, or water loving. It does not interact with grease, but does interact with water. When a soap removes a grease spot, its hydrophobic portion interacts with the grease and breaks it into small droplets. Many of these grease/s ...
... and its negative charge. Therefore this part of the molecule is hydrophilic, or water loving. It does not interact with grease, but does interact with water. When a soap removes a grease spot, its hydrophobic portion interacts with the grease and breaks it into small droplets. Many of these grease/s ...
Aromatic Compounds
... When three or more substituents are on the benzene ring, numbers are used to give their positions. Assign the numbers exactely as you would with a substituted cyclohexane. The carbon atom bearing the functional group that defines the base name is assumed to be C-1. Br ...
... When three or more substituents are on the benzene ring, numbers are used to give their positions. Assign the numbers exactely as you would with a substituted cyclohexane. The carbon atom bearing the functional group that defines the base name is assumed to be C-1. Br ...
3 Properties Alcohols GOB Structures
... • Alcohols with similar mass have higher boiling points than do ethers because alcohols require higher temperatures (more energy) to break their hydrogen bonds. • The boiling points of ethers are similar to those of alkanes because neither can form hydrogen bonds. ...
... • Alcohols with similar mass have higher boiling points than do ethers because alcohols require higher temperatures (more energy) to break their hydrogen bonds. • The boiling points of ethers are similar to those of alkanes because neither can form hydrogen bonds. ...
Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols
... Alcohols are comparable in acidity to water, but phenols are much more acidic. This increased acidity is due to charge delocalization (resonance) in phenoxide ions. Electron-withdrawing groups, such as F and NO2, increase acidity, through either an inductive or a resonance effect, or both. Alkoxid ...
... Alcohols are comparable in acidity to water, but phenols are much more acidic. This increased acidity is due to charge delocalization (resonance) in phenoxide ions. Electron-withdrawing groups, such as F and NO2, increase acidity, through either an inductive or a resonance effect, or both. Alkoxid ...
Chapter 4 Quiz
... c. structural isomers. d. nonisotopic isomers. e. geometric isomers. 9. Research suggests that side effects from Ritalin, the drug used to treat attention deficit disorder, may be caused by contamination of enantiomers, or molecules that a. have identical three-dimensional shapes. b. are mirror imag ...
... c. structural isomers. d. nonisotopic isomers. e. geometric isomers. 9. Research suggests that side effects from Ritalin, the drug used to treat attention deficit disorder, may be caused by contamination of enantiomers, or molecules that a. have identical three-dimensional shapes. b. are mirror imag ...
Main Menu - MsReenChemistry
... types of racing. The reason for this is that methanol is made of a single chemical. Gasoline, on the other hand, contains many different chemicals, and can vary greatly from one batch to another. Methanol is safer in case of accidental fire than gasoline, because it burns cooler. ...
... types of racing. The reason for this is that methanol is made of a single chemical. Gasoline, on the other hand, contains many different chemicals, and can vary greatly from one batch to another. Methanol is safer in case of accidental fire than gasoline, because it burns cooler. ...
Aromatic Compounds
... Even though benzene is highly unsaturated it does not undergo any of the regular reactions of alkenes such as addition or oxidation ...
... Even though benzene is highly unsaturated it does not undergo any of the regular reactions of alkenes such as addition or oxidation ...
IUPAC Names for Carboxylic Acids
... • are found in fruits, milk, and sugar cane. • are naturally occurring carboxylic acids with a hydroxyl group on the carbon atom that is adjacent to the carboxyl group. ...
... • are found in fruits, milk, and sugar cane. • are naturally occurring carboxylic acids with a hydroxyl group on the carbon atom that is adjacent to the carboxyl group. ...
CH 106 - Clackamas Community College
... from their structural formulas. Write the structural formulas of simple carboxylic acids, carboxylate salts, esters, and ethers, given the IUPAC name. Describe, draw and recognize the molecular structure of fatty acids, triglycerides, fats, oils, and soaps. Construct models of oxyorganic compo ...
... from their structural formulas. Write the structural formulas of simple carboxylic acids, carboxylate salts, esters, and ethers, given the IUPAC name. Describe, draw and recognize the molecular structure of fatty acids, triglycerides, fats, oils, and soaps. Construct models of oxyorganic compo ...
course outline - Clackamas Community College
... formulas. Name simple amines, amides, and amino acids given the formulas. Draw structural formulas for simple amines and amides given the names. Describe how nitrogen-containing molecules can participate in hydrogen bonding and act as bases. Identify amines using laboratory tests. Describe ...
... formulas. Name simple amines, amides, and amino acids given the formulas. Draw structural formulas for simple amines and amides given the names. Describe how nitrogen-containing molecules can participate in hydrogen bonding and act as bases. Identify amines using laboratory tests. Describe ...
Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol, which is also called carbolic acid C6H5OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule.Synonyms are arenols or aryl alcohols.Phenolic compounds are synthesized industrially; they also are produced by plants and microorganisms, with variation between and within species.Although similar to alcohols, phenols have unique properties and are not classified as alcohols (since the hydroxyl group is not bonded to a saturated carbon atom). They have higher acidities due to the aromatic ring's tight coupling with the oxygen and a relatively loose bond between the oxygen and hydrogen. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pKa is usually between 10 and 12).Loss of a positive hydrogen ion (H+) from the hydroxyl group of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides, although the term aryloxides is preferred according to the IUPAC Gold Book. Phenols can have two or more hydroxy groups bonded to the aromatic ring(s) in the same molecule. The simplest examples are the three benzenediols, each having two hydroxy groups on a benzene ring.Organisms that synthesize phenolic compounds do so in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research.ref name=Klepacka Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants. Others possess estrogenic or endocrine disrupting activity.