Download: swipa-spm - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment
... • The melting of land-based ice will contribute significantly to sea-level rise. If increases in greenhouse gas concentrations continue at current rates, the melting of Arctic land-based ice would contribute an estimated 25 centimeters to sea-level rise between 2006 and 2100. Many of the smallest g ...
... • The melting of land-based ice will contribute significantly to sea-level rise. If increases in greenhouse gas concentrations continue at current rates, the melting of Arctic land-based ice would contribute an estimated 25 centimeters to sea-level rise between 2006 and 2100. Many of the smallest g ...
Chapter 6: Glaciers in the Western US
... snowfall is released as meltwater during summer, when precipitation is low. This characteristic is particularly important to farms and fisheries in areas downslope from glaciated mountains like the Cascades or Sierra Nevada. In addition to investigating present-day glacier behavior, researchers use ...
... snowfall is released as meltwater during summer, when precipitation is low. This characteristic is particularly important to farms and fisheries in areas downslope from glaciated mountains like the Cascades or Sierra Nevada. In addition to investigating present-day glacier behavior, researchers use ...
Republican and Democratic Views on Climate Change
... Perhaps the most basic issue is whether the public believes that global warming is occurring, which the IPCC asserts to be the case with considerable confidence in its 2001 report and with even more confidence in its 2007 report.15 Asked in the 2008 Gallup poll when the effects of global warming wil ...
... Perhaps the most basic issue is whether the public believes that global warming is occurring, which the IPCC asserts to be the case with considerable confidence in its 2001 report and with even more confidence in its 2007 report.15 Asked in the 2008 Gallup poll when the effects of global warming wil ...
Climate variability over the last 2000 years
... indicate that this rise is anomalous relative to temperature variability over the last 2000 years (e.g., Mann and Jones, 2003; Moberg et al., 2005). However, the association between change in temperature and change in atmospheric circulation under natural conditions has not been examined as vigorous ...
... indicate that this rise is anomalous relative to temperature variability over the last 2000 years (e.g., Mann and Jones, 2003; Moberg et al., 2005). However, the association between change in temperature and change in atmospheric circulation under natural conditions has not been examined as vigorous ...
Managing Coastal Vulnerability under Climate Change
... increased precipitation elsewhere to balance the water cycle (39). IPCC projections indicate increased precipitation along the equator and at higher latitudes and decreased precipitation along lower to midlatitudes (30)---changes that seem to be occurring more rapidly already than predicted (40). Se ...
... increased precipitation elsewhere to balance the water cycle (39). IPCC projections indicate increased precipitation along the equator and at higher latitudes and decreased precipitation along lower to midlatitudes (30)---changes that seem to be occurring more rapidly already than predicted (40). Se ...
Summer 2015
... Figure 3: a) Composite mean global linear trends for decades when there is a hiatus of global warming (red the evidence to date indicates bars), and mean linear trends for all other decades (green bars) for top of atmosphere (TOA) net radiation at that decadal climate variability left (W m-2, positi ...
... Figure 3: a) Composite mean global linear trends for decades when there is a hiatus of global warming (red the evidence to date indicates bars), and mean linear trends for all other decades (green bars) for top of atmosphere (TOA) net radiation at that decadal climate variability left (W m-2, positi ...
Report
... for their review of drafts of this document, as well as their insights and suggestions. Thanks also to Clair Embry and Kurt Walters for their research assistance and Susan Rakov and Travis Madsen of Frontier Group for their editorial assistance. The authors express sincere gratitude to the many scie ...
... for their review of drafts of this document, as well as their insights and suggestions. Thanks also to Clair Embry and Kurt Walters for their research assistance and Susan Rakov and Travis Madsen of Frontier Group for their editorial assistance. The authors express sincere gratitude to the many scie ...
Global Warming and Extreme Weather
... Union of Concerned Scientists for their review of drafts of this document, as well as their insights and suggestions. Thanks also to Clair Embry and Kurt Walters for their research assistance and Susan Rakov and Travis Madsen of Frontier Group for their editorial assistance. The authors express sinc ...
... Union of Concerned Scientists for their review of drafts of this document, as well as their insights and suggestions. Thanks also to Clair Embry and Kurt Walters for their research assistance and Susan Rakov and Travis Madsen of Frontier Group for their editorial assistance. The authors express sinc ...
Nonlinear response of mid-latitude weather to the changing Arctic
... responses59,60. It may be that regional sea-ice loss will elicit robust signals in a shorter period. ...
... responses59,60. It may be that regional sea-ice loss will elicit robust signals in a shorter period. ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.