Contents
... 3) Establish a closer collaboration among local research organisations, and with international research organisations that the groups have had scientific collaboration with over a long period. ...
... 3) Establish a closer collaboration among local research organisations, and with international research organisations that the groups have had scientific collaboration with over a long period. ...
Contents - Norges forskningsråd
... 3) Establish a closer collaboration among local research organisations, and with international research organisations that the groups have had scientific collaboration with over a long period. ...
... 3) Establish a closer collaboration among local research organisations, and with international research organisations that the groups have had scientific collaboration with over a long period. ...
Greenland Ice Core Records and Rapid Climate Change Author(s
... Figure 1. The GRIP 0180 record plotted on a linear depth scale (from Dansgaard et al. 1993 and Johnsen et al. 1995). A representsthe Holocenerecord,establishedby counting annual ice layers. B is the recordfrom 10000 years to more than 250000 years, with a chronologyderived from ice flow modelling.is ...
... Figure 1. The GRIP 0180 record plotted on a linear depth scale (from Dansgaard et al. 1993 and Johnsen et al. 1995). A representsthe Holocenerecord,establishedby counting annual ice layers. B is the recordfrom 10000 years to more than 250000 years, with a chronologyderived from ice flow modelling.is ...
Climate change and the Antarctic marine ecosystem: an essay on
... et al. 2009a) summarizes some of the most important physical effects and produces limits on the anticipated temperature increase. This summary highlights i) how the ozone hole has delayed the impact of greenhouse gas increases on the climate of the continent (Turner et al. 2009b), ii) how the Antarc ...
... et al. 2009a) summarizes some of the most important physical effects and produces limits on the anticipated temperature increase. This summary highlights i) how the ozone hole has delayed the impact of greenhouse gas increases on the climate of the continent (Turner et al. 2009b), ii) how the Antarc ...
Increase of extreme events in a warming world
... is due to the fact that the temperature evolution there is not properly described by a linear 100-y trend but is characterized by a recent warming since the 1980s. Our analysis of how the expected number of extremes is linked to climate trends does not say anything about the physical causes of the t ...
... is due to the fact that the temperature evolution there is not properly described by a linear 100-y trend but is characterized by a recent warming since the 1980s. Our analysis of how the expected number of extremes is linked to climate trends does not say anything about the physical causes of the t ...
2. Global warming is occurring
... Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has solidified the scientific understanding that key heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere "have increased markedly as a result of human activities," and the "net effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warming." The report states that evidence of the cli ...
... Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has solidified the scientific understanding that key heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere "have increased markedly as a result of human activities," and the "net effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warming." The report states that evidence of the cli ...
Observed Climate Variations and Change
... may occur on decadal time scales. There is no evidence yet of global scale changes in the frequency of extreme tempeiatures Increases in cloud cover have been reported from the oceans and some land areas Uncertainties in these records are mostly too large to allow linn conclusions to be drawn Some o ...
... may occur on decadal time scales. There is no evidence yet of global scale changes in the frequency of extreme tempeiatures Increases in cloud cover have been reported from the oceans and some land areas Uncertainties in these records are mostly too large to allow linn conclusions to be drawn Some o ...
variability of freezing levels, melting season indicators, and snow
... early years of the record are consistent with the generally lower (by about 0.5 ◦ C) tropical Pacific SST during that time (Diaz et al., 2001). The climate record produced by Thompson and his colleagues (see Thompson, 2000, and Thompson et al., 2003, this volume) from ice cores of major tropical gla ...
... early years of the record are consistent with the generally lower (by about 0.5 ◦ C) tropical Pacific SST during that time (Diaz et al., 2001). The climate record produced by Thompson and his colleagues (see Thompson, 2000, and Thompson et al., 2003, this volume) from ice cores of major tropical gla ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... scattered observational data, he argued that there were parts of the spectrum where the CO2 bands did not overlap others. Some scientists found this convincing, or at least kept an open mind on the question. But it remained the standard view that, as an official U.S. Weather Bureau publication put i ...
... scattered observational data, he argued that there were parts of the spectrum where the CO2 bands did not overlap others. Some scientists found this convincing, or at least kept an open mind on the question. But it remained the standard view that, as an official U.S. Weather Bureau publication put i ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... scattered observational data, he argued that there were parts of the spectrum where the CO2 bands did not overlap others. Some scientists found this convincing, or at least kept an open mind on the question. But it remained the standard view that, as an official U.S. Weather Bureau publication put i ...
... scattered observational data, he argued that there were parts of the spectrum where the CO2 bands did not overlap others. Some scientists found this convincing, or at least kept an open mind on the question. But it remained the standard view that, as an official U.S. Weather Bureau publication put i ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.