Climate Variability and Change with Implications for Transportation
... scenario of future greenhouse gas emissions which are being incorporated into the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The AR4 is anticipated being released in February of 2007. Until then the AR4 conclusions and figures are embargoed. But the global climate model output that contributed to the AR4 ...
... scenario of future greenhouse gas emissions which are being incorporated into the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The AR4 is anticipated being released in February of 2007. Until then the AR4 conclusions and figures are embargoed. But the global climate model output that contributed to the AR4 ...
Dramatic loss of glacier accumulation area on the Tibetan Plateau
... net ice accumulation since at least the 1950s and 1980s, respectively. These results implied an annual ice loss rate of more than several hundred millimeter water equivalent over the past 30–60 years. Both mass balance modeling at the sites and in situ data from the nearby glaciers confirmed a conti ...
... net ice accumulation since at least the 1950s and 1980s, respectively. These results implied an annual ice loss rate of more than several hundred millimeter water equivalent over the past 30–60 years. Both mass balance modeling at the sites and in situ data from the nearby glaciers confirmed a conti ...
Coastal Areas - Arab Forum for Environment and Development
... coastal resources. However, without building strong capabilities for monitoring, assessment and law enforcement, it is expected that the deterioration of coastal resources will continue. Impacts of climate change and sea level rise in particular, should be added to the list of deterioration issues o ...
... coastal resources. However, without building strong capabilities for monitoring, assessment and law enforcement, it is expected that the deterioration of coastal resources will continue. Impacts of climate change and sea level rise in particular, should be added to the list of deterioration issues o ...
Sydney/Central Coast Region
... Berowra. The result was ultimately Sydney’s second wettest June on record, with a monthly total of 510.6 mm. Significant damage and cost also resulted from a localised hailstorm on 14 April 1999, when a ‘supercell’ thunderstorm developed about 115 km southwest of Sydney and to the north of Nowra. It ...
... Berowra. The result was ultimately Sydney’s second wettest June on record, with a monthly total of 510.6 mm. Significant damage and cost also resulted from a localised hailstorm on 14 April 1999, when a ‘supercell’ thunderstorm developed about 115 km southwest of Sydney and to the north of Nowra. It ...
Decadal-Scale Temperature Trends in the Southern Hemisphere
... Long-term trends in the heat content of the Southern Hemisphere ocean are evaluated by comparing temperature profiles collected during the 1990s with profiles collected starting in the 1930s. Data are drawn both from ship-based hydrographic surveys and from autonomous floats. Results show that the u ...
... Long-term trends in the heat content of the Southern Hemisphere ocean are evaluated by comparing temperature profiles collected during the 1990s with profiles collected starting in the 1930s. Data are drawn both from ship-based hydrographic surveys and from autonomous floats. Results show that the u ...
climate of the arctic marine environment
... The Arctic marine environment has shown changes over the past several decades, and these changes are part of a broader global warming that exceeds the range of natural variability over the past 1000 years. Record minima of sea ice coverage during the past few summers and increased melt from Greenlan ...
... The Arctic marine environment has shown changes over the past several decades, and these changes are part of a broader global warming that exceeds the range of natural variability over the past 1000 years. Record minima of sea ice coverage during the past few summers and increased melt from Greenlan ...
A Method to Estimate Climate-Critical Construction Materials
... In its most recent report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2014) found that over US$3 trillion in port infrastructure assets in 136 of the world’s largest port cities are vulnerable to weather events and that, “ports will be affected by climate changes including ...
... In its most recent report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2014) found that over US$3 trillion in port infrastructure assets in 136 of the world’s largest port cities are vulnerable to weather events and that, “ports will be affected by climate changes including ...
executive_summary
... Skagit basin in the 21st century. Based on currently available climate change scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report downscaled to the PNW, average temperatures for the PNW by the 2080s for the B1 and A1B emissions scenario are projected to be 4. ...
... Skagit basin in the 21st century. Based on currently available climate change scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report downscaled to the PNW, average temperatures for the PNW by the 2080s for the B1 and A1B emissions scenario are projected to be 4. ...
The tilt of mean sea level along the east coast of North America
... is much higher among the individual geodetic estimates than the ocean estimates (Figure 1c, average standard deviations 6.3 cm and 3.8 cm, respectively.) To identify groups of profiles with lower variability we undertook independent cluster analysis of the geodetic profiles and compared the clusters w ...
... is much higher among the individual geodetic estimates than the ocean estimates (Figure 1c, average standard deviations 6.3 cm and 3.8 cm, respectively.) To identify groups of profiles with lower variability we undertook independent cluster analysis of the geodetic profiles and compared the clusters w ...
pices xv - North Pacific Marine Science Organization
... Widespread multi-annual-scale synchronies in population abundance and/or productivity variations have been apparent in marine ecosystems, most notably in the 1970s to mid-1980s. Some manner of climatic synchronizing agent seems required. Indeed the period from the early 1970s to mid-1980s was a peri ...
... Widespread multi-annual-scale synchronies in population abundance and/or productivity variations have been apparent in marine ecosystems, most notably in the 1970s to mid-1980s. Some manner of climatic synchronizing agent seems required. Indeed the period from the early 1970s to mid-1980s was a peri ...
Impact of sea level rise on the 10 insular biodiversity hotspots
... consequences. Such reduction, and the subsequent decrease of biodiversity, will be the most direct and inevitable outcome of sea level rise. Ongoing research suggests that the conclusions of the last Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report concerning the future increase of global mea ...
... consequences. Such reduction, and the subsequent decrease of biodiversity, will be the most direct and inevitable outcome of sea level rise. Ongoing research suggests that the conclusions of the last Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report concerning the future increase of global mea ...
Link between land-ocean warming contrast and surface relative
... structure of the multimodel-median amplification factor from the equator to approximately 40ı latitude north and south, although there is some underestimation in the southern subtropics (Figure 2). According to the theory, the local minimum near the equator is associated with high land surface relati ...
... structure of the multimodel-median amplification factor from the equator to approximately 40ı latitude north and south, although there is some underestimation in the southern subtropics (Figure 2). According to the theory, the local minimum near the equator is associated with high land surface relati ...
Link between landocean warming contrast and surface relative
... structure of the multimodel-median amplification factor from the equator to approximately 40ı latitude north and south, although there is some underestimation in the southern subtropics (Figure 2). According to the theory, the local minimum near the equator is associated with high land surface relati ...
... structure of the multimodel-median amplification factor from the equator to approximately 40ı latitude north and south, although there is some underestimation in the southern subtropics (Figure 2). According to the theory, the local minimum near the equator is associated with high land surface relati ...
Phase relationships between Antarctic and Greenland
... the North Atlantic. Possible forcings could include changes in Antarctic intermediate and deep water outflow associated with Southern Ocean sea-ice albedo feedbacks (Kim and others, 1998; Pierrehumbert, 2000), or reorganizations in tropical atmospheric convection (Cane, 1998; Clement and Cane,1999). ...
... the North Atlantic. Possible forcings could include changes in Antarctic intermediate and deep water outflow associated with Southern Ocean sea-ice albedo feedbacks (Kim and others, 1998; Pierrehumbert, 2000), or reorganizations in tropical atmospheric convection (Cane, 1998; Clement and Cane,1999). ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.