1 2 Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array 3
... winter profiles in the Southern Ocean in one year than the total of all winter data collected during the 100 years ...
... winter profiles in the Southern Ocean in one year than the total of all winter data collected during the 100 years ...
A Climate Change Assessment via Trend Estimation of Certain
... cool, humid spring (March to May) and cool, wet autumn (September to November). On the other hand, the South of the country is always hot and has two different distinct seasons, dry (December to May) and wet (June to November) [2], with daily average temperature changes between 26 and 29 ◦ C. With t ...
... cool, humid spring (March to May) and cool, wet autumn (September to November). On the other hand, the South of the country is always hot and has two different distinct seasons, dry (December to May) and wet (June to November) [2], with daily average temperature changes between 26 and 29 ◦ C. With t ...
The global land shortwave cryosphere radiative effect during the
... Hemisphere contributes about 60 % of the global LCrRE. However, non-glaciated regions in the Northern Hemisphere contribute about 32 % of the global LCrRE. Because the areal extent of seasonal snow has little “memory” beyond a year, non-glaciated component of the LCrRE can respond rapidly to climate ...
... Hemisphere contributes about 60 % of the global LCrRE. However, non-glaciated regions in the Northern Hemisphere contribute about 32 % of the global LCrRE. Because the areal extent of seasonal snow has little “memory” beyond a year, non-glaciated component of the LCrRE can respond rapidly to climate ...
A Question of Equilibrium
... possibility of runaway climate change, driven by the naturally occurring positive feedback loops of the biosphere. It raises issues of the most fundamental and urgent nature for the world community and calls in question the effectiveness of current strategic responses to global warming. The Meridian ...
... possibility of runaway climate change, driven by the naturally occurring positive feedback loops of the biosphere. It raises issues of the most fundamental and urgent nature for the world community and calls in question the effectiveness of current strategic responses to global warming. The Meridian ...
Rethinking the Gulf Stream - FDS
... In this view, it is not heat carried by the Gulf Stream that moderates the European climate. Instead heat that is stored off the shores of Europe, in the upper 100 meters of the ocean during the summer, is released to the atmosphere in winter when the southwesterly winds mix the surface ocean waters ...
... In this view, it is not heat carried by the Gulf Stream that moderates the European climate. Instead heat that is stored off the shores of Europe, in the upper 100 meters of the ocean during the summer, is released to the atmosphere in winter when the southwesterly winds mix the surface ocean waters ...
- ACE CRC
... More than 90% of the extra heat energy stored by the planet in the last 50 years, and about 30% of the carbon dioxide released by human activities over the same period has been absorbed in the ocean. By absorbing heat and carbon dioxide, the oceans have slowed the rate of climate change. The Souther ...
... More than 90% of the extra heat energy stored by the planet in the last 50 years, and about 30% of the carbon dioxide released by human activities over the same period has been absorbed in the ocean. By absorbing heat and carbon dioxide, the oceans have slowed the rate of climate change. The Souther ...
Predicting responses of the Adélie penguin population of Edmonson
... ice environment and in atmospheric precipitations over larger areas of Antarctica. These changes are expected to affect the population dynamics of seabirds and marine mammals, but the extent of this influence is not clear. We investigated the future population trajectories of the colony of Adélie pe ...
... ice environment and in atmospheric precipitations over larger areas of Antarctica. These changes are expected to affect the population dynamics of seabirds and marine mammals, but the extent of this influence is not clear. We investigated the future population trajectories of the colony of Adélie pe ...
Coral Bleaching, an Imminent Threat to Marine Biodiversity
... Despite their ecological and economic importance, coral reefs are affected by many stress factors at both a local level (overexploitation, destructive fishery techniques, tourism pressure, marine pollution, and coastal development) and at a global level with, for instance, increasing temperature of ...
... Despite their ecological and economic importance, coral reefs are affected by many stress factors at both a local level (overexploitation, destructive fishery techniques, tourism pressure, marine pollution, and coastal development) and at a global level with, for instance, increasing temperature of ...
Footprints of climate change on Mediterranean Sea biota
... The information provided by the articles about the temperature associated to each reported impact was very heterogeneous. Different papers used different temperature diagnostics (e.g., monthly mean, instantaneous values), from different instruments and at different depths. Therefore, in order to use ...
... The information provided by the articles about the temperature associated to each reported impact was very heterogeneous. Different papers used different temperature diagnostics (e.g., monthly mean, instantaneous values), from different instruments and at different depths. Therefore, in order to use ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.