The Marine Environment
... or rocks near sea level, produces many of the other characteristic landforms of rocky headlands. As shown in Figure 16.4, a sea stack is an isolated rock tower or similar erosional remnant left on a wave-cut platform. A sea arch, also shown in Figure 16.4, is formed as stronger rocks are undercut by ...
... or rocks near sea level, produces many of the other characteristic landforms of rocky headlands. As shown in Figure 16.4, a sea stack is an isolated rock tower or similar erosional remnant left on a wave-cut platform. A sea arch, also shown in Figure 16.4, is formed as stronger rocks are undercut by ...
Selective retention in saline ice of extracellular polysaccharides
... Ikävalko, 1998; Riedel and others, 2007) and for bacteria and algae in artificial sea ice (Grossmann and Gleitz, 1993). Algae have been reported early and often as enriched in sea ice (Grossmann and Gleitz, 1993; Gradinger and Ikävalko, 1998; Riedel and others, 2007), with larger algal cells (>5 m ...
... Ikävalko, 1998; Riedel and others, 2007) and for bacteria and algae in artificial sea ice (Grossmann and Gleitz, 1993). Algae have been reported early and often as enriched in sea ice (Grossmann and Gleitz, 1993; Gradinger and Ikävalko, 1998; Riedel and others, 2007), with larger algal cells (>5 m ...
Climate Change Impacts on the Mediterranean Coastal Zones
... Many sources contribute to the generation of N2 O emissions. The most important souces are natural ones which are probably twice as large as human induced ones. The main anthropogenic sources are represented by agriculture and some industrial processes, for example nitric acid production. Halocarbon ...
... Many sources contribute to the generation of N2 O emissions. The most important souces are natural ones which are probably twice as large as human induced ones. The main anthropogenic sources are represented by agriculture and some industrial processes, for example nitric acid production. Halocarbon ...
Earth`s Energy Imbalance
... measurements, and can we track where the energy goes? Certainly we need to be able to answer these questions if we are to properly track how climate change is manifested and quantify implications ...
... measurements, and can we track where the energy goes? Certainly we need to be able to answer these questions if we are to properly track how climate change is manifested and quantify implications ...
The 23rd International Conference on Interactive Information
... relate to one or more ECVs. Examples are radiances measured from space that provide joint information on temperature, water vapour, aerosol and trace-gas concentrations, and bending angles collected by way of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation technique that provide info ...
... relate to one or more ECVs. Examples are radiances measured from space that provide joint information on temperature, water vapour, aerosol and trace-gas concentrations, and bending angles collected by way of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation technique that provide info ...
Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array
... the global variability of salinity above 2000 m with some confidence for the first time. As with temperature, a ...
... the global variability of salinity above 2000 m with some confidence for the first time. As with temperature, a ...
INFORMATION DOCUMENT
... WCRP’s efforts to improve regional climate projections and predictions are organized through a coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX) that is producing regional climate projections for many areas of the world with an initial focus on Africa. A team of regional scientists evalua ...
... WCRP’s efforts to improve regional climate projections and predictions are organized through a coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX) that is producing regional climate projections for many areas of the world with an initial focus on Africa. A team of regional scientists evalua ...
Rapid Climate Change in the Arctic: Polar Research as a
... the core of two main tasks. First: Arctic warming has been very high over the last few decades and the amount of ice on land and in the sea has declined significantly in that time. This not only affects the Arctic ecosystem and the living conditions of people in Arctic latitudes, but also the develo ...
... the core of two main tasks. First: Arctic warming has been very high over the last few decades and the amount of ice on land and in the sea has declined significantly in that time. This not only affects the Arctic ecosystem and the living conditions of people in Arctic latitudes, but also the develo ...
DELIVERING INTEGRATED MARINE OBSERVATIONS
... In 2000, the founding convention of EUMETSAT was revised to expand its mandate to climate monitoring and detection of climate change. This was in recognition that modern meteorology, like climate monitoring, requires more than observations of the atmosphere, and that the existence of EUMETSAT as an ...
... In 2000, the founding convention of EUMETSAT was revised to expand its mandate to climate monitoring and detection of climate change. This was in recognition that modern meteorology, like climate monitoring, requires more than observations of the atmosphere, and that the existence of EUMETSAT as an ...
Overview
... 1994) will be used to synthesize the results of the initial work, resolve the major pathways of larval transport and identify areas for future study. This research would lead to better fundamental understanding of the processes controlling benthic ecosystems under seasonal and permanent ice cover an ...
... 1994) will be used to synthesize the results of the initial work, resolve the major pathways of larval transport and identify areas for future study. This research would lead to better fundamental understanding of the processes controlling benthic ecosystems under seasonal and permanent ice cover an ...
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... scenarios and the impact of climate change could be of the same order of magnitude in some regions of the Baltic Sea (Meier et al. 2011), emphasizing the urgent need to incorporate climate change into available decision support systems (DSSs). The DSS Nest (http://nest.su.se/nest) developed in the M ...
... scenarios and the impact of climate change could be of the same order of magnitude in some regions of the Baltic Sea (Meier et al. 2011), emphasizing the urgent need to incorporate climate change into available decision support systems (DSSs). The DSS Nest (http://nest.su.se/nest) developed in the M ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.