Adélie penguins coping with environmental change
... altering environmental conditions during 2001–2005. This natural experiment allowed us to evaluate the relative impacts of expected long-term, but also extreme, short-term climate perturbations on important natural history parameters that can regulate populations. The icebergs presented physical bar ...
... altering environmental conditions during 2001–2005. This natural experiment allowed us to evaluate the relative impacts of expected long-term, but also extreme, short-term climate perturbations on important natural history parameters that can regulate populations. The icebergs presented physical bar ...
The Relationship between Land–Ocean Surface Temperature
... equilibrium (LC07; JGW08), even though the effective heat capacity of the ocean is much larger than that of the land. LC07 suggested that the processes governing relaxation cause heat transport anomaly between the land and ocean surfaces. For example, if a GCM is perturbed by applying a globally uni ...
... equilibrium (LC07; JGW08), even though the effective heat capacity of the ocean is much larger than that of the land. LC07 suggested that the processes governing relaxation cause heat transport anomaly between the land and ocean surfaces. For example, if a GCM is perturbed by applying a globally uni ...
The Northeast Asia mountain glaciers in the near
... Krenke, 2005). Comparison of data obtained between the late 1950s and 2001 about the glaciers of northeast Asia and their mass exchange, shows that they have undergone appreciable changes – as revealed through retreat of their termini, surface lowering, formation of new morainic deposits, etc. By ou ...
... Krenke, 2005). Comparison of data obtained between the late 1950s and 2001 about the glaciers of northeast Asia and their mass exchange, shows that they have undergone appreciable changes – as revealed through retreat of their termini, surface lowering, formation of new morainic deposits, etc. By ou ...
The report Oceanographic and biological features in the Canary
... 2010 concluded that there was compelling evidence in favor of the Bakun’s hypothesis, with an increase in upwelling‐favorable winds north of 20°N, and an increase in downwelling favorable winds south of 20°N. Estimating upwelling trends from wind data is difficult due to the limited number of obs ...
... 2010 concluded that there was compelling evidence in favor of the Bakun’s hypothesis, with an increase in upwelling‐favorable winds north of 20°N, and an increase in downwelling favorable winds south of 20°N. Estimating upwelling trends from wind data is difficult due to the limited number of obs ...
met60-topic02
... – Greenland ice cap thickness → ice 100,000 years old @ bottom – Antarctic - 500,000 years old – Cores → information on past climate (see later) ...
... – Greenland ice cap thickness → ice 100,000 years old @ bottom – Antarctic - 500,000 years old – Cores → information on past climate (see later) ...
Unit 4 The importance of oceans
... atmosphere when air comes into contact with the ocean surface. The air also absorbs from the ocean its moisture. When this wet air blows onshore from ocean to land, it brings rain to coastal areas. ...
... atmosphere when air comes into contact with the ocean surface. The air also absorbs from the ocean its moisture. When this wet air blows onshore from ocean to land, it brings rain to coastal areas. ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.