Marine Science - Archimer
... Global warming/climate change The decade 2000–2009 was the warmest decade in the instrumental record. Global average (land and sea) temperatures reached record high levels in 2009 (Hansen et al., 2010). This global trend of increasing temperature is the result of the anthropogenic input of greenhous ...
... Global warming/climate change The decade 2000–2009 was the warmest decade in the instrumental record. Global average (land and sea) temperatures reached record high levels in 2009 (Hansen et al., 2010). This global trend of increasing temperature is the result of the anthropogenic input of greenhous ...
Warm Arctic*cold continents: climate impacts of the
... the Arctic long enough to thicken as it once did. Indeed, sea ice in the Arctic has thinned by a mean of 0.7 m and the amount of multi-year sea ice decreased by 42% from 2004 through 2008 (Kwok et al. 2009; Kwok & Untersteiner 2011). Figure 6 shows a plot of sea-ice age for spring 2010, calculated f ...
... the Arctic long enough to thicken as it once did. Indeed, sea ice in the Arctic has thinned by a mean of 0.7 m and the amount of multi-year sea ice decreased by 42% from 2004 through 2008 (Kwok et al. 2009; Kwok & Untersteiner 2011). Figure 6 shows a plot of sea-ice age for spring 2010, calculated f ...
IISD REPORT - The Hudson Bay Consortium
... well as interannual differences in air and sea temperatures and in the nature, extent and duration of the sea ice cover are commonplace. Periodic interdecadal warming and cooling periods occur and are also features of this unique ecosystem. What are, however, unprecedented are the speed, magnitude a ...
... well as interannual differences in air and sea temperatures and in the nature, extent and duration of the sea ice cover are commonplace. Periodic interdecadal warming and cooling periods occur and are also features of this unique ecosystem. What are, however, unprecedented are the speed, magnitude a ...
Chlorophyll a reconstruction from in situ measurements: 2. Marked
... subsequently transferred into the deep oceans, stored in sediments, and removed from the atmosphere [Field et al., 1998; Denman et al., 2007; Schwab et al., 2012]. The subtropical oceans spread up to 40% of the planetary surface and their ecosystems contribute to 25% of the global primary production ...
... subsequently transferred into the deep oceans, stored in sediments, and removed from the atmosphere [Field et al., 1998; Denman et al., 2007; Schwab et al., 2012]. The subtropical oceans spread up to 40% of the planetary surface and their ecosystems contribute to 25% of the global primary production ...
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... The combined estimate of OHCA in 2009 (Fig. 3.5a) shows eddy and meander variability down to the 100-km mapping scales, as does, to a greater extent, the difference of the 2009 and 2008 combined estimates (Fig. 3.5b). Strong small-scale spatial variability in OHCA fields is associated with the weste ...
... The combined estimate of OHCA in 2009 (Fig. 3.5a) shows eddy and meander variability down to the 100-km mapping scales, as does, to a greater extent, the difference of the 2009 and 2008 combined estimates (Fig. 3.5b). Strong small-scale spatial variability in OHCA fields is associated with the weste ...
Effects of Global Climate Change at the Virginia Coast Reserve
... Figure 5. Conceptual model of potential global climate change effects on breeding barrier island birds at the Virginia Coast Reserve Figure 6. Integrated conceptual ecological model of potential effects of global climate change at the Virginia Coast Reserve Figure 7. Conceptual model of potential gl ...
... Figure 5. Conceptual model of potential global climate change effects on breeding barrier island birds at the Virginia Coast Reserve Figure 6. Integrated conceptual ecological model of potential effects of global climate change at the Virginia Coast Reserve Figure 7. Conceptual model of potential gl ...
Marine Net Primary Production
... and ocean pH and reduction of ozone over the poles. Climate change is expected to cause changes in the magnitude and temporal and spatial patterns in NPP, but over the short term may be difficult to detect over natural variability. Statistical analyses indicate an NPP time series of 40 years durati ...
... and ocean pH and reduction of ozone over the poles. Climate change is expected to cause changes in the magnitude and temporal and spatial patterns in NPP, but over the short term may be difficult to detect over natural variability. Statistical analyses indicate an NPP time series of 40 years durati ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.