A rapid and robust assay for detection of S
... effectively be determined by flow cytometry after isolation of nuclei. In animal cell cultures, high quality and intact nuclei preparations can be relatively easily obtained in hypotonic buffers with detergents. In plants, however, cell walls pose a significant barrier for nuclei isolation. To allev ...
... effectively be determined by flow cytometry after isolation of nuclei. In animal cell cultures, high quality and intact nuclei preparations can be relatively easily obtained in hypotonic buffers with detergents. In plants, however, cell walls pose a significant barrier for nuclei isolation. To allev ...
Fission yeast Tor2 promotes cell growth and represses cell
... fission yeast cells reproduce asexually by means of the mitotic cell cycle. Upon nutritional starvation, they arrest the cell cycle in G1 and undergo sexual differentiation to give four resistant haploid spores that remain dormant until they encounter favourable growth conditions. Therefore, fission ...
... fission yeast cells reproduce asexually by means of the mitotic cell cycle. Upon nutritional starvation, they arrest the cell cycle in G1 and undergo sexual differentiation to give four resistant haploid spores that remain dormant until they encounter favourable growth conditions. Therefore, fission ...
Test Bank - rsffa.org
... ____ 14. A cell in a multicellular organism must be able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life in order for the organism to survive. _________________________ ____ 15. There is a division of labor among the cells of multicellular organisms. _________________________ Completion Complet ...
... ____ 14. A cell in a multicellular organism must be able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life in order for the organism to survive. _________________________ ____ 15. There is a division of labor among the cells of multicellular organisms. _________________________ Completion Complet ...
Spatial and temporal regulation of DNA
... Degradation of nuclear DNA into about 200 bp is considered to be one of the hallmarks of apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death seen in vertebrates with characteristic features such a shrinking nucleus, condensed chromatin and fragmented DNA ( Wyllie, 1980). Therefore, it is likely that a form o ...
... Degradation of nuclear DNA into about 200 bp is considered to be one of the hallmarks of apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death seen in vertebrates with characteristic features such a shrinking nucleus, condensed chromatin and fragmented DNA ( Wyllie, 1980). Therefore, it is likely that a form o ...
Cell Division Activity during Apical Hook
... and Baskin, 1998). This illustrates that the relative contribution of cell division and cell elongation activities can change within a tissue, and this might also be the case in time-dependent growth. A hook-like structure develops at the apical part of the hypocotyl in dark-grown seedlings. In Arab ...
... and Baskin, 1998). This illustrates that the relative contribution of cell division and cell elongation activities can change within a tissue, and this might also be the case in time-dependent growth. A hook-like structure develops at the apical part of the hypocotyl in dark-grown seedlings. In Arab ...
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... Autophagy is an intracellular process that involves degradation of damaged organelles, protein aggregates and intracellular pathogens with a key role not only in maintaining cellular homeostasis and guaranteeing adequate energy levels, but also as a defense mechanism against microorganisms, a proces ...
... Autophagy is an intracellular process that involves degradation of damaged organelles, protein aggregates and intracellular pathogens with a key role not only in maintaining cellular homeostasis and guaranteeing adequate energy levels, but also as a defense mechanism against microorganisms, a proces ...
Studies on polar cell wall growth and antibiotic susceptibility of
... importance in ton scale production of amino acids. Apart from that, it becomes more and more important for medical studies, where it serves as model organism due to its close relation to bacteria causing several pathogens such as tuberculosis, diphtheria and leprosy. C. glutamicum, like Mycobacteriu ...
... importance in ton scale production of amino acids. Apart from that, it becomes more and more important for medical studies, where it serves as model organism due to its close relation to bacteria causing several pathogens such as tuberculosis, diphtheria and leprosy. C. glutamicum, like Mycobacteriu ...
Cell cycle control of septin ring dynamics in the
... between nuclear and cortical events will allow a successful round of cell division. Indeed, the actin cytoskeleton has been reported to be time-regulated by the turnover of G1 and B cyclins throughout the cell cycle (Lew & Reed, 1993), leading to the conclusion that, either directly or indirectly, t ...
... between nuclear and cortical events will allow a successful round of cell division. Indeed, the actin cytoskeleton has been reported to be time-regulated by the turnover of G1 and B cyclins throughout the cell cycle (Lew & Reed, 1993), leading to the conclusion that, either directly or indirectly, t ...
Apoptotic cell clearance: basic biology and therapeutic potential
... integrity (secondary necrosis) (see the figure). Membrane lysis can also occur through an active mechanism, when tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) signalling is activated by TNF along with caspase 8 inhibition, a process known as necroptosis or programmed necrosis. Initiation of necroptosis ...
... integrity (secondary necrosis) (see the figure). Membrane lysis can also occur through an active mechanism, when tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) signalling is activated by TNF along with caspase 8 inhibition, a process known as necroptosis or programmed necrosis. Initiation of necroptosis ...
POM-POM2/CELLULOSE SYNTHASE
... The heterostyly correlated with fertility defects in the different pom2 alleles. All pom2 alleles developed significantly fewer ovules (Table 1). Whereas the wild type held around 40 ovules per gynoecium, only 20 to 30 were visible in the pom2 alleles. pom2-1 and pom2-2 had severely reduced fertilit ...
... The heterostyly correlated with fertility defects in the different pom2 alleles. All pom2 alleles developed significantly fewer ovules (Table 1). Whereas the wild type held around 40 ovules per gynoecium, only 20 to 30 were visible in the pom2 alleles. pom2-1 and pom2-2 had severely reduced fertilit ...
Changes in Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport Alter Cellular
... Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lacking mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) have been compared with wild-type (Wt) tobacco using two different systems, either suspension cell cultures or leaves. In both systems, a lack of AOX was accompanied by an increase in some antioxidant defenses, co ...
... Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lacking mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) have been compared with wild-type (Wt) tobacco using two different systems, either suspension cell cultures or leaves. In both systems, a lack of AOX was accompanied by an increase in some antioxidant defenses, co ...
The Cortical Microtubule Array: From Dynamics to
... ters between randomly nucleated CMTs deterministically modify the stochastic behavior of CMTs so as to foster a parallel arrangement. Here, the principal challenge will be to determine the rules that govern the outcome of the intermicrotubule encounters and decide whether they contribute to self-org ...
... ters between randomly nucleated CMTs deterministically modify the stochastic behavior of CMTs so as to foster a parallel arrangement. Here, the principal challenge will be to determine the rules that govern the outcome of the intermicrotubule encounters and decide whether they contribute to self-org ...
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
... concentration gradient across plant-cell components and (2) accumulation of PAHs in plant tissues, with the extent related to plant lipid contents [18-21]. However, the factors that influence PAH transfer and distribution in plants as well as their metabolism in cells are not clear. Plant uptake of ...
... concentration gradient across plant-cell components and (2) accumulation of PAHs in plant tissues, with the extent related to plant lipid contents [18-21]. However, the factors that influence PAH transfer and distribution in plants as well as their metabolism in cells are not clear. Plant uptake of ...
Size, shape, and arrangement of native cellulose fibrils in maize cell
... rosettes, and the macrofibril as a bundle of CEFs, both contain only cellulose. The microfibril as a morphological unit often observed by microscopy may contain a single CEF or a small macrofibril, in both cases associated with hemicelluloses (Ding and Himmel 2006). Cellulose has been investigated f ...
... rosettes, and the macrofibril as a bundle of CEFs, both contain only cellulose. The microfibril as a morphological unit often observed by microscopy may contain a single CEF or a small macrofibril, in both cases associated with hemicelluloses (Ding and Himmel 2006). Cellulose has been investigated f ...
Mechanisms of size control Christopher J Potter* and
... The preceding studies suggest that these known methods of regulating cell proliferation can be separated from organ size control. However, differences in organ size between species are most often a result of changes in cell number [2]. Thus, it is likely that organ size control does exert its effect ...
... The preceding studies suggest that these known methods of regulating cell proliferation can be separated from organ size control. However, differences in organ size between species are most often a result of changes in cell number [2]. Thus, it is likely that organ size control does exert its effect ...
Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis
... the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), cyclin A1, and histone H3 genes was detected in isolated maize sperm cells (Sauter et al., 1998). Taken together, these data suggest that molecular events related to cell cycle progression are expressed in male gametic cells. There are two patterns of ...
... the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), cyclin A1, and histone H3 genes was detected in isolated maize sperm cells (Sauter et al., 1998). Taken together, these data suggest that molecular events related to cell cycle progression are expressed in male gametic cells. There are two patterns of ...
Homogeneous generation of iDA neurons with high similarity to
... shown). Thus, we removed the non-requisite factors EN1 and Foxa2 from the 6-factor combination, generating Pitx3-eGFP ES cells harboring a 4-factor combination (Ascl1, Pitx3, Nurr1 and Lmx1a). We generated several unique clones of these 4-factor ES cells (J1, J2, J3), all of which were stable and co ...
... shown). Thus, we removed the non-requisite factors EN1 and Foxa2 from the 6-factor combination, generating Pitx3-eGFP ES cells harboring a 4-factor combination (Ascl1, Pitx3, Nurr1 and Lmx1a). We generated several unique clones of these 4-factor ES cells (J1, J2, J3), all of which were stable and co ...
Plasmodesmata-Mediated Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Shoot
... in the SAM when driven by an L1 specific promoter [20,21]. During normal development, KNAT1 moves from the cortex to epidermal cells in stems, and movement is required for the determination of plant architecture and epidermal differentiation [22]. Movement appears to require specific signals within ...
... in the SAM when driven by an L1 specific promoter [20,21]. During normal development, KNAT1 moves from the cortex to epidermal cells in stems, and movement is required for the determination of plant architecture and epidermal differentiation [22]. Movement appears to require specific signals within ...
Genetic analysis of seed coat development in Arabidopsis
... fertilization and proceed coordinately with those of the embryo and endosperm [3–5]. Unlike the embryo and endosperm, the seed coat is not directly involved in the fertilization process. Therefore, one or more events during or following fertilization must signal the seed coat to develop coordinately ...
... fertilization and proceed coordinately with those of the embryo and endosperm [3–5]. Unlike the embryo and endosperm, the seed coat is not directly involved in the fertilization process. Therefore, one or more events during or following fertilization must signal the seed coat to develop coordinately ...
Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis
... the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), cyclin A1, and histone H3 genes was detected in isolated maize sperm cells (Sauter et al., 1998). Taken together, these data suggest that molecular events related to cell cycle progression are expressed in male gametic cells. There are two patterns of ...
... the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), cyclin A1, and histone H3 genes was detected in isolated maize sperm cells (Sauter et al., 1998). Taken together, these data suggest that molecular events related to cell cycle progression are expressed in male gametic cells. There are two patterns of ...
Protein dynamics and proteolysis in plant vacuoles
... Plant cells cannot live without their vacuoles. The tissues and organs of a plant contain a wide variety of differentiated and specialized vacuoles—even a single plant cell can possess two or more types of vacuoles. Vacuolar proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and synthesized in the cytoplasm. The ...
... Plant cells cannot live without their vacuoles. The tissues and organs of a plant contain a wide variety of differentiated and specialized vacuoles—even a single plant cell can possess two or more types of vacuoles. Vacuolar proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and synthesized in the cytoplasm. The ...
Nestin Is Required for the Proper SelfRenewal of Neural Stem Cells
... (Fig. 1C) and RT-PCR analysis (data not shown). The absence of nestin protein was further confirmed by Western blot using an antibody against a nestin epitope encoded in exon 4 (Fig. 1D) and immunofluorescence staining (Fig. 1E). Intercross between heterozygotes of C57BL/6J background yielded only thr ...
... (Fig. 1C) and RT-PCR analysis (data not shown). The absence of nestin protein was further confirmed by Western blot using an antibody against a nestin epitope encoded in exon 4 (Fig. 1D) and immunofluorescence staining (Fig. 1E). Intercross between heterozygotes of C57BL/6J background yielded only thr ...
Cell Cycle in the Fucus Zygote Parallels a Somatic Cell
... b Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom c Cell Cycle Group, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, France ...
... b Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom c Cell Cycle Group, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, France ...
microcircuitry of bipolar cells in cat retina1
... pathways in the inner plexiform layer are available to the rod system, since at least four types of cone bipolar receive electrical or chemical inputs from the AI1 amacrine cell. This may help to explain why, in a retina where rods far outnumber the cones, there should be so many types of cone bipol ...
... pathways in the inner plexiform layer are available to the rod system, since at least four types of cone bipolar receive electrical or chemical inputs from the AI1 amacrine cell. This may help to explain why, in a retina where rods far outnumber the cones, there should be so many types of cone bipol ...
Small Signaling Peptides in Arabidopsis Development
... proliferation of cells in low-density plant cell culture, but it was unclear which unknown substance(s) within the extracts was active in promoting the proliferation. A bioassay based on the mitotic activity of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) mesophyll cells in liquid culture identified an active, g ...
... proliferation of cells in low-density plant cell culture, but it was unclear which unknown substance(s) within the extracts was active in promoting the proliferation. A bioassay based on the mitotic activity of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) mesophyll cells in liquid culture identified an active, g ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.