machinery pre-mRNA in sensing defects in the spliceosomal Mdm4
... rescue of proliferating KI67-positive cells, suggesting a p53-independent impairment in cell cycle progression, which most likely accounts for the lethality of the animals 20–22 d after birth (Fig. 3C, right panel). Indeed, when we derived NPCs from mice with different p53 backgrounds and cultured t ...
... rescue of proliferating KI67-positive cells, suggesting a p53-independent impairment in cell cycle progression, which most likely accounts for the lethality of the animals 20–22 d after birth (Fig. 3C, right panel). Indeed, when we derived NPCs from mice with different p53 backgrounds and cultured t ...
Homeostasis and the Importance for a Balance
... Fig. (1). Schematic diagram of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Insulin or insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulation is shown to represent growth factor signaling. Upon activation the insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate (IRS), which activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinas ...
... Fig. (1). Schematic diagram of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Insulin or insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulation is shown to represent growth factor signaling. Upon activation the insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate (IRS), which activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinas ...
PDF + SI - Development - The Company of Biologists
... Seed development in angiosperms demands the tightly co-ordinated development of three genetically distinct structures. The embryo is surrounded by the endosperm, which is in turn enclosed within the maternally derived seed coat. In Arabidopsis final seed size is determined by early expansion of the ...
... Seed development in angiosperms demands the tightly co-ordinated development of three genetically distinct structures. The embryo is surrounded by the endosperm, which is in turn enclosed within the maternally derived seed coat. In Arabidopsis final seed size is determined by early expansion of the ...
Brief rapid pacing depresses contractile function via Ca
... [Ca2⫹]i is significantly elevated, and, after RP, SR Ca2⫹ release and reuptake are not significantly changed. In addition, neither during nor after RP did we observe any signs that cells were Ca2⫹ overloaded or damaged. In other words, RP never induced Ca2⫹-mediated afterdepolarizations, Ca2⫹ waves, ...
... [Ca2⫹]i is significantly elevated, and, after RP, SR Ca2⫹ release and reuptake are not significantly changed. In addition, neither during nor after RP did we observe any signs that cells were Ca2⫹ overloaded or damaged. In other words, RP never induced Ca2⫹-mediated afterdepolarizations, Ca2⫹ waves, ...
Brief rapid pacing depresses contractile function via Ca - AJP
... [Ca2⫹]i is significantly elevated, and, after RP, SR Ca2⫹ release and reuptake are not significantly changed. In addition, neither during nor after RP did we observe any signs that cells were Ca2⫹ overloaded or damaged. In other words, RP never induced Ca2⫹-mediated afterdepolarizations, Ca2⫹ waves, ...
... [Ca2⫹]i is significantly elevated, and, after RP, SR Ca2⫹ release and reuptake are not significantly changed. In addition, neither during nor after RP did we observe any signs that cells were Ca2⫹ overloaded or damaged. In other words, RP never induced Ca2⫹-mediated afterdepolarizations, Ca2⫹ waves, ...
Podosome-type adhesions and focal adhesions, so alike yet so
... Focal complexes are 0.5-1 µm dot-like contacts localized along the lamellipodia. These structures are not connected to stress fibers although they have been shown to be linked to the actin network. Moreover, they do not contain Zyxin suggesting that they are subjected to moderate mechanical tensions ...
... Focal complexes are 0.5-1 µm dot-like contacts localized along the lamellipodia. These structures are not connected to stress fibers although they have been shown to be linked to the actin network. Moreover, they do not contain Zyxin suggesting that they are subjected to moderate mechanical tensions ...
Molecular authenticity of neoplastic and normal lymphocytic leukemia patients
... cultures, but it was eventually lost. Patient’s leukemic B cells were EBNA-negative, but cell lines were EBNA-positive, which may be explained by an infection of a small number of the patient’s neoplastic cells in vivo with patient’s circulating EBV, or an in vitro infection by normal EBV-carrying B ...
... cultures, but it was eventually lost. Patient’s leukemic B cells were EBNA-negative, but cell lines were EBNA-positive, which may be explained by an infection of a small number of the patient’s neoplastic cells in vivo with patient’s circulating EBV, or an in vitro infection by normal EBV-carrying B ...
pdf: Baskin 2013
... parameters were correlated with certain putative regulatory factors but not with others. Just as they do for expansion, kinematic methods offer a powerful method to quantify cell division rate and its distribution within the meristem. The method relies on the so-called equation of continuity, which ...
... parameters were correlated with certain putative regulatory factors but not with others. Just as they do for expansion, kinematic methods offer a powerful method to quantify cell division rate and its distribution within the meristem. The method relies on the so-called equation of continuity, which ...
4T, 3T AND 3T1D DRAM CELL DESIGN ON 32 NM
... diode instead of capacitor to store the data value. The absence of capacitor provides significance reduction in power consumption as compared to previous DRAM cell design. In order to write the cell at the BL write line level, it is only required to activate T1 through the WL write line. Hence, the ...
... diode instead of capacitor to store the data value. The absence of capacitor provides significance reduction in power consumption as compared to previous DRAM cell design. In order to write the cell at the BL write line level, it is only required to activate T1 through the WL write line. Hence, the ...
Effector-triggered defence against apoplastic fungal pathogens
... considering conserved effectors as not significantly different from PAMPs, without knowledge of their essential functions [7]. PTI has sometimes been defined as PRRtriggered immunity [5]. In addition to their original role in PAMP recognition [6], it was proposed that PRRs directly or indirectly rec ...
... considering conserved effectors as not significantly different from PAMPs, without knowledge of their essential functions [7]. PTI has sometimes been defined as PRRtriggered immunity [5]. In addition to their original role in PAMP recognition [6], it was proposed that PRRs directly or indirectly rec ...
Systematic identification of cell size regulators in
... The emerging molecular model of size control in budding yeast is centered on the SBF/MBF transcription complex, whose activity is inhibited by the transcription repressor Whi5 that binds SBF in late M/early G1 (Jorgensen et al, 2002; Costanzo et al, 2004; De Bruin et al, 2004). It is suggested that ...
... The emerging molecular model of size control in budding yeast is centered on the SBF/MBF transcription complex, whose activity is inhibited by the transcription repressor Whi5 that binds SBF in late M/early G1 (Jorgensen et al, 2002; Costanzo et al, 2004; De Bruin et al, 2004). It is suggested that ...
How plant cells explore geometry - The polarity induction and
... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
A Flow Cytometry Approach to Detect In vivo Chromatin Compaction
... Evaluation of chromatin condensation is an important and stimulating topic. Cells, based on their conditions, can be divided into living or dead cells. For a long time chromosome banding pattern had been used to analyze the chromatin condensation [4]. This method depends much on chromosome separatio ...
... Evaluation of chromatin condensation is an important and stimulating topic. Cells, based on their conditions, can be divided into living or dead cells. For a long time chromosome banding pattern had been used to analyze the chromatin condensation [4]. This method depends much on chromosome separatio ...
Hormonally Regulated Programmed Cell Death in
... presence of GA and/or Ca21, but that GA synchronized and accelerated the process of cell death. More recently, Kuo et al. (1996) examined GA responses in wheat aleurone layers and showed that, as in barley, GA treatment accelerated cell death. GA-induced cell death in wheat was prevented by the prot ...
... presence of GA and/or Ca21, but that GA synchronized and accelerated the process of cell death. More recently, Kuo et al. (1996) examined GA responses in wheat aleurone layers and showed that, as in barley, GA treatment accelerated cell death. GA-induced cell death in wheat was prevented by the prot ...
Pea3 Transcription Factor Family Members Etv4 and Etv5 Mediate
... neurons in E12, E15, E17, and newborn (P0) mice. Expression at each age was normalized to that of the housekeeping gene Tbp and is stated relative to the expression at postnatal day 0 (P0). Shown are averages ⫾ SD of triplicate determinations. Right, Etv4 and Etv5 mRNA expression by PCR in DRG. Cont ...
... neurons in E12, E15, E17, and newborn (P0) mice. Expression at each age was normalized to that of the housekeeping gene Tbp and is stated relative to the expression at postnatal day 0 (P0). Shown are averages ⫾ SD of triplicate determinations. Right, Etv4 and Etv5 mRNA expression by PCR in DRG. Cont ...
Actin behavior in bulk cytoplasm is cell cycle regulated in early
... II. Most models for cell mechanics focus on actomyosin in the cortex and ignore possible roles in bulk cytoplasm. We explored cell cycle regulation of bulk cytoplasmic actomyosin in Xenopus egg extracts, which is almost undiluted cytoplasm from unfertilized eggs. We observed dramatic gelation-contra ...
... II. Most models for cell mechanics focus on actomyosin in the cortex and ignore possible roles in bulk cytoplasm. We explored cell cycle regulation of bulk cytoplasmic actomyosin in Xenopus egg extracts, which is almost undiluted cytoplasm from unfertilized eggs. We observed dramatic gelation-contra ...
Target or barrier? The cell wall of early- and later
... Although Cd is a generally toxic contaminant of the ecosystem, plants have evolved diverse mechanisms to respond to Cd contamination of their growth substrate. As for many compounds with detrimental effects on cellular metabolism, the toxicity of Cd is often alleviated through its sequestration to s ...
... Although Cd is a generally toxic contaminant of the ecosystem, plants have evolved diverse mechanisms to respond to Cd contamination of their growth substrate. As for many compounds with detrimental effects on cellular metabolism, the toxicity of Cd is often alleviated through its sequestration to s ...
K-ras modulates the cell cycle via both positive and negative
... phase but BrdU-positive. This sub-population of cells was not evident in M2TK4 cells growing in the presence of Tet. One possible explanation for this observation is that the BrdU-positive G1 cells were those that were in very late S-phase and were about to enter G2/M, that had progressed through G2 ...
... phase but BrdU-positive. This sub-population of cells was not evident in M2TK4 cells growing in the presence of Tet. One possible explanation for this observation is that the BrdU-positive G1 cells were those that were in very late S-phase and were about to enter G2/M, that had progressed through G2 ...
1 Cell wall integrity controls root elongation via ACC Corresponding
... It takes several days for newly produced root cells to traverse the cell division zone. In contrast, expansion to their mature size in the elongation zone only takes six to eight hours (Beemster and Baskin, 1998). This tenfold or higher increase in length and thus cell surface area places a great de ...
... It takes several days for newly produced root cells to traverse the cell division zone. In contrast, expansion to their mature size in the elongation zone only takes six to eight hours (Beemster and Baskin, 1998). This tenfold or higher increase in length and thus cell surface area places a great de ...
The Forces Behind Cell Movement
... phenomenon that is essential to a variety of biological processes such as the development of an organism (morphogenesis), wound healing, cancer metastasis and immune response. For example, during morphogenesis there is a targeted movement of dividing cells to specific sites to form tissues and organ ...
... phenomenon that is essential to a variety of biological processes such as the development of an organism (morphogenesis), wound healing, cancer metastasis and immune response. For example, during morphogenesis there is a targeted movement of dividing cells to specific sites to form tissues and organ ...
A rapid and robust assay for detection of S
... effectively be determined by flow cytometry after isolation of nuclei. In animal cell cultures, high quality and intact nuclei preparations can be relatively easily obtained in hypotonic buffers with detergents. In plants, however, cell walls pose a significant barrier for nuclei isolation. To allev ...
... effectively be determined by flow cytometry after isolation of nuclei. In animal cell cultures, high quality and intact nuclei preparations can be relatively easily obtained in hypotonic buffers with detergents. In plants, however, cell walls pose a significant barrier for nuclei isolation. To allev ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.